safety and energy efficiency on electronic and electrical · pdf file ·...

Daniel Yau24 November, 2010

Safety and Energy Efficiency on Electronic and Electrical Products

Agenda

Forewords of Energy Economy

Latest Development of Energy Efficiency Regulation in :

USA, CANADA, EUROPE , AUSTRALIA and CHINA

Reasons for Change

New Safety and Energy Efficiency Requirements

Agenda

Forewords of Energy Economy Reasons for Change

Development of Standards

Periodic review is performed by Standard Issuing Organization for issue new version of standard, amendment or withdrawal of existing standard. The review may due to :

- New Material

- New Technology

- Analysis/Statistic Report of Accident

As Environmental Protection is popular during these few years, so many newly developed products / technologies is designed with different environmental features or functions, in order to cope with these industrial changes, the revision or amendment of standards for both existing one and future one are incurred.

Highlight of Objectives

• Create 5 Million new jobs by investing $150 billion in next ten years

• To catalyze private efforts to build a clean energy future

• Within 10 years save more oil than we currently import from the Middle East and Venezuela combined

• Put 1 million Plug-In Hybrid cars (up to 150 miles per gallon) by 2015

• 10% of our electricity comes from renewable sources by 2012 & 25% by 2025

• Implement an economy‐wide cap‐and‐trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050

Clean Energy Economy

Significant steps which related to our industries:

1. Appliance Efficiency Standards- Stringent energy efficiency standards for commercial and residential appliances

(i.e. microwaves, kitchen ranges, dishwashers, light bulbs & etc)

2. Making Homes More Energy Efficient- Recovery Through Retrofit – to develop the home retrofit industry

(i.e. reveal home’s energy use, reduce the cost and develop national standards)

Clean Energy Economy

New Safety and Energy Efficiency Requirements

Basic / Traditional Safety Requirement

The application of the standard is intended to prevent injury or damage against the following hazards:

• Electric shock

• Excessive temperatures

• Radiation

• Implosion

• Mechanical hazards

• Fire hazards

New Material ---- Environmental

Flammable Refrigerant• Old type of refrigerant is part of the reason for ozone depletion.

• New type of refrigerant are introduced, which is flammable, so additional test is involved

• We will use IEC 60335-2-24 to show additional requirement in marking and construction for appliance with flammable refrigerant.

• Marked with the warning sign:

Note : The perpendicular height shall be at least 15mm.

• The instruction shall include information pertaining to the installation, handling, servicing and disposal of the appliance

http://www.safe001.com/news/show.asp?NewsID=143783&classid=18

New Technology ------ Energy Efficiency

LED lights is alternative product to replace Incandescent light bulb.Although the price is higher, LED light have following advantages:

• LED light have longer life span (average 50,000 hours) v.s. CFL (about 8000 hours)

• With same lumen output, power consumption of LED light is only about 40-50% of CFL.

• LED light does not contain mercury, CFL contain mercury which is a major risk to the environment.

• Life of LED lights is not affected by switch on/off cycle. This effect become more and more important as introduction of auto-cutoff circuit for energy saving purpose.

Photo-biological SafetyThe Spectroradiometer system with

• Spectral range 200-1700nm-3000nm. (From UVC to IRB

• Double Monochromator design

• EN 62471 – Photo-biological Safety and UV radiation



Update Safety Standards for LED lightingsFor Example :

IEC 62560 Edition 1.0• Safety Requirements for Self-ballasted LED-lamps for general lighting ( > 50V)

• Stage : Publication Issued (Target : 2011-02-15)

IEC 62663-1 Edition 1.0 • Safety Requirements for Non-Self ballasted LED for general lighting

• Stage : Approved for 2nd Committee Draft (Target : 2011- 11-15)


Performance Test • Lamp efficacy

• Light distribution

• Lamp life

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/CIExy1931.svg


Lamp efficacyThe test with following test method:

• CIE 13.3

• CIE 15

• CIE 18

• CIE 84

• CIE 97

According to following requirement:

• IEC/EN 60969

• IEC/EN 60901

• IEC/EN 60064

• IEC/EN 60357

Light distributionThe Goniophotometer system were setup and suitable to measure the spatial luminous intensity distribution of lighting luminaires, according with the requirements

• CIE 70 /121

• IEC/EN 61341

Then to analyze the luminaire photometric parameters, including:

•intensity distribution

•iso-intensity curve

•iso-illuminance curve

•luminance limitation curve

•effective beam angle

•effective luminous flux

•upward and downward luminous flux

•utilization factor

•luminaire efficiency …etc.



Equipment Size:Tall 4mLength 13mWeight 50 kgChamber Size: High 4.3mWide 4mLength 15m

Type C Mirror Type Goniophotometer

New Technology ------ Energy Responds

SMART GRID

is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; this saves energy, reduces costs and increases reliability and transparency.

• Energy demand driven• Employs innovative Products and

Services

• Battery safety

• OEMs voluntary recall of products due to safety issues

• Authorities requiring product recalls due to incidences/accidents occurring

• Consumers unaware of potential hazards in batteries

• Performance and reliability

• Meeting stated claims by manufacturers

• Providing additional evidence of voluntary or compulsory testing

• Additional testing required by buyers and OEMs outside the standards scope

Analysis/Statistic Report of Accident – Trendy of Usage

1. Rechargeable Batteries sold with Portable DVD/CD/MP3 Players

http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml10/10205.html

2. Battery packs used with Polaroid-brand portable DVD players


3. Portable DVD player battery packs


4. Radio Control Model Airplanes (Models 4153 and 4161) with Lithium Polymer Batteries



CPSC recall cases






CPSC recall cases

Standard Update - Change in 60950 requirement

- Transition from UL1642 to IEC62133


Product Quality and Safety Testing

IEC 62133IEC 61960IEC 61951IEC 61959IEC 60086

IEC 62281UL 2054UL 1642UN Transportation

Analysis/Statistic Report of Accident – Trendy of usage

Product Safety, Performance and Reliability Testing

• Electrical Safety Test(Over Charging/Discharging and External Short Circuit etc…)

• Electrical Performance Test(Capacity Measurement, Endurance in cycles, Dimension and Storage etc…)

• Environmental Test(Thermal Exposure, Low Pressure (Altitude Simulation) and Temperature Cycling etc…)

• Mechanical Test(Crush, Impact, Nail Penetration, Shock, Free Fall and Vibration etc…)

• Fire Exposure Test(Projectile Test)


Agenda

Latest development of energy efficiency regulation in USA,

CANADA, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA and CHINA

Most Active Countries in Energy Efficiency Program

- Appliance Labeling Rule (16 CFR Part 305) (mandatory)

- California's Appliance Efficiency Program (mandatory)

- Energy Star Program (voluntary)

Highlights of Energy Efficiency Schemes in US

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

• Achieving the Obama Administration’s objectives around climate and energy independence

• Enhancement of federal energy efficiency programs

Overview of Energy & Environment Policy in US

Title of 16 CFR Part 305

Rule Concerning Disclosures Regarding Energy Consumption and Water Use of Certain Home Appliances and other Products Required Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (‘‘Appliance Labeling Rule’’)

-Helps consumers comparison shop for energy-efficient appliances, lighting, and plumbing products

- It requires manufacturers to attach labels that provide an estimate of the product's energy consumption or energy efficiency.

-It also requires energy disclosures for certain lighting products and water use labeling for certain plumbing products.

-A yellow-and-black EnergyGuide label shows the highest and lowest energy consumption or efficiency estimates of similar appliance models.

Appliance Labeling Rule (16 CFR Part 305)


The marking required by 16 CFR Part 305 (2008) shall be displayed on all units of all federally-regulated consumer products ( more than 20 types)

RefrigeratorsRefrigerator-freezersFreezersCentral air conditionersHeat pumpsDishwashersWater heatersRoom air conditionersWarm air furnacesPool heatersClothes washersClothes dryers

Fluorescent lamp ballastsShowerheadsFaucetsWater closetsUrinalsGeneral service fluorescent lampsGeneral service incandescent reflector lampsGeneral service incandescent (other than reflector) lampsMedium-base compact fluorescent lampsCeiling fans

It does not cover ranges, ovens, clothes dryers, humidifiers, and dehumidifiers at this moment

California has a long history than the other states in the US to regulate the environmental impact with regard to:

– Controlling air pollution from automobiles

– Regulating energy efficiency

California Energy Commission has established to promote energy efficiency standards for buildings and energy using appliances and equipment

California's Appliance Efficiency Program

- California's Appliance Efficiency Regulations were established in 1976

- A regulatory approaches to reduce California's energy consumption

- It is updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods

- It include standards for both federally-regulated appliances (e.g. Appliance Labeling Rule) and non-federally-regulated appliances

- Twenty-three categories of appliances are included in the scope of these regulations.

- The standards within these regulations apply to appliances that are sold or offered for sale in California


- Examples of product categories:

(a.) Refrigerators; refrigerator-freezers…(b.) Room air conditioners ; air conditioning

heat pumps…(c.) Central air conditioners…(d.) Spot air conditioners, ceiling fans…(e.) Vented gas space heaters and vented

oil space heaters…(f.) Water heaters…(g.) Gas pool heaters…(h.) Plumbing fittings (showerheads,

lavatory faucets…)(i.) Plumbing fixtures (water closets and

urinals)(j.) Fluorescent lamp ballast…(k.) Lamps…(l.) Emergency lighting which is illuminated

exist signs


(m.) Traffic signal modules and traffic signal lamps(n.) Luminaires which are torchieres…(o.) Dishwashters(p.) Clothes washers(q.) Clothes dryers(r.) Cooking products and food service equipment.(s.) Electric motors…(t.) Low voltage dry-type distribution transformers(u.) Power suppliers (single voltage external AC to DC…)(v.) Consumer audio and video equipment…(w.) Battery charger systems

Facts about Energy Star Program (ESP)

- Around 3000 partners and over 47,000 models are listed

- Most Recognized Energy Efficiency Label

- Estimated 2009 savings for US : 45 million MT of greenhouse gas emissions

Energy Star Program Enhancement

Commercial Food Service Equipment Computers & Electronics Heating & Cooling Products

Commercial Kitchen PackageCommercial DishwashersCommercial FryersCommercial GriddlesCommercial Hot Food Holding CabinetsCommercial Ice MachinesCommercial OvensCommercial Refrigerators and FreezersCommercial Steam Cookers

Audio/VideoBattery ChargersCombination Units (TV & DVD, VCR &DVD)ComputersCordless phonesDigital to Analog

Converter BoxDisplaysEnterprise ServersExternal Power AdaptersImaging EquipmentSet top boxes and Cable boxesTelevisions

Air Conditioning, CentralAir Conditioning, RoomBoilersDehumidifiersFans, ventilatingFurnacesHeat

Pumps, Air sourceHeat Pumps, GeothermalHome Sealing ‐

InsulationLight Commercial Heating and Cooling Programmable ThermostatRoom Air Cleaners and Purifiers

Appliances (Residential) Building Products Lighting & Fans

Clothes WashersDehumidifierDishwashersFreezersRefrigeratorsRoom Air CleanersWater Coolers

Home Sealing ‐

Insulation & Air SealingRoof ProductsWindows, Doors, & Skylights

Commercial LED LightingDecorative Light StringsFans, ceiling (including light kits)Light Bulbs, CFLLight Fixtures (residential)Residential LED LightingFluorescent Lamp Ballasts


Challenges of ENERGY STAR PROGRAM

in the past

- Insufficient controls on label usage

- Claimed savings not sufficiently validated

- The verification test should be expanded to enhance the program integrity

- Certification process subject to abuse


Conclusion of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) Dec 09 conducted by EPA/DOE

- Enhance the qualification and verification process

- Certified by EPA approved Certification Body (i.e. Intertek)

- Testing in EPA approved test labs

- Roll out of Testing and Verification scheme with a 1 January 2011


Energy Star Program- Enhancement

The purpose and key approach of enhancement

Qualification Testing

- Ensure each product meets Energy Star Specification prior to being labelled with the ENERY STAR logo

- Require Test data for each product from approved accredited lab- Data must be provided to EPA through approved 3rd party certification system

Verification Testing

- Ensure that products continue to meet the requirement- Require ongoing verification testing as a condition of Energy Star logo use- Verification testing administered through 3rd party testing program

Energy Star Program - Enhancement

Parties involved in the Qualification and Verification Testing

Highlights of Energy Efficiency Schemes in Canada

Canada Energy Efficiency Regulation- Energy Efficiency Verification Mark (EEV)

Background of Energy Efficiency Regulations

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)

Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE)

Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE)

Demand Policy and Analysis Division

Demand Policy and Analysis Division Programs (i.e. EEV)Programs (i.e. EEV)

Responsible:

-Sustainable Development

-Use of natural resources

Branch of NRCan

Renew and Strengthen the commitment to energy conservation & efficiency

A Division of OEE

Improve knowledge and understanding of where and how energy is used in Canada

OEE proactively promotes energy conversation and efficiency in all sectors

Example of EE Policy Development in Canada

Energy Efficiency Verification Mark (EEV)- Canada’s Energy Efficiency Act established in 1995

- Verification by a 3rd party organization is required by the regulation (EER)

- The EER is updated periodically to extend the scope of coverage product or revise the requirement

- To demonstrate the compliance, the EEV mark is required

- Household appliances:

Clothes dryers, washing machines, dehumidifiers, refrigerators and freezers etc.

- Water Heaters

Electric and gas water heaters.

- HVAC

Room air conditioners, heat pumps and gas boilers etc.

- Lighting products

Ceiling fan lighting, CFL, fluorescent lamp ballasts, fluorescent lamps etc..

Energy Efficiency Verification Mark (EEV)


Who is affected by the regulation?

- The Energy Efficiency Regulations apply to dealers who Import regulated energy-using products into Canada for sale or lease

- A dealer is defined in the Energy Efficiency Act as a person engaged in the business of:

1. manufacturing energy-using products in Canada 2. importing energy-using products into Canada or 3. selling or leasing energy-using products obtained directly or

indirectly from a person engaged in a business described in 1) or 2) or an agent thereof

- Responsibilities of dealers

• Ensure the product meets the energy efficiency standard specified in the Regulations

• Ensure an energy efficiency report has been filed with NRCan

• Provide the necessary import information to list the product with NRCan (the report must be submitted before import)

• Ensure the product bears an energy efficiency verification mark

• Ensure an EnerGuide label or lighting product label is affixed to the product (if prescribed by the Regulations), e.g. on Air Conditioner


- EU Energy Labeling Directive (92/75/EEC; 2010/30/EU) (mandatory)

- Ecodesign of Energy-Related Products Directive (2009/125/EC) (mandatory)

Highlights of Energy Efficiency Schemes in EU

Directive 92/75/EECTitle: Indication by labeling and standard product information on the consumption of

energy and other resources by household appliances

– Energy consumption labeling for household appliance – Purpose of allowing consumers to choose more energy-efficient appliances

It covers the following household appliances:

- Refrigerators, freezers and their combinations; - Washing machines, dryers and their combinations; - Dishwashers; - Ovens; - Water heaters and hot-water storage appliances; - Lighting sources; - Air-conditioning appliances

EU has published delegated acts which set out the requirements for consumption of energy, labeling and other relevant information for each type of product category

EU Energy Labeling Directive (92/75/EEC)

- Covered products must have an EU Energy Label clearly displayed when offered for sale or rent

- Rated in terms of a set of energy efficiency classes from A to G on the label

EU Energy Labeling Directive (92/75/EEC)

A new Directive 2010/30/EU was published on 19 May 2010 which recasts the Directive 92/75/EC and will be fully applied from 31 July 2011

Important updates of the new Energy Labeling Directive:

- Extends the scope to include all energy-related products

- Such modification aligns to the scope with Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC (ErP)

- There are three new energy efficiency classes created, A+, A++ and A+++ on top of existing classes, A to G

- European Commission will provide a list of priority energy-related products covered under delegated acts of this new Directive

Recast of EU Energy Labeling Directive (2010/30/EEC)

EuP Directive ErP DirectiveFull Name Energy-using products Energy-related products

Directive no. 2005/32/EC 2009/125/EC

Date of Publicized 22/07/2005 31/10/2009

Date of Implementation 11/08/2007 20/11/2009

Date of Transposition (Bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions)

- 20/11/2010

Definitions

(i) Product for energy input (electricity, fossil fuels and renewable energy sources);

(i) Any good that has an impact on energy consumption during use;

(ii) Product for generation, transfer and measurement of above energy;

(ii) Product for generation, transfer and measurement of above energy;

(iii) Product intended to be incorporated into energy-using products.

(iii) Product intended to be incorporated into energy-related products.

Product Covering

Mainly Electrical and electronic equipment (i) Mainly Electrical and electronic equipment;

-

(ii) Addition products used in construction such as windows, insulation materials, or some water using products such as shower heads or taps could also contribute to significant energy savings during use.

Ecodesign of Energy-Related Products Directive (2009/125/EC)

What is EnergyWhat is Energy--related Products?related Products?

Any good that has an impact on energy consumption during use. For example, if it have a significant potential for being improved in order to reduce environmental impacts and to achieve energy savings through better design -

•Use energy•Generate energy•Transfer energy•Measure energyIncluding products used in construction, such as windows, Insulation material, or some water using product, such as shower heads, taps

Including parts dependent on energy input and intended to be incorporated into an ErP which are placed on the market and/or put into service as individual parts for end-users and of which environment performance can be assessed independently


Manufacturer / Representative / Importer

Conformity Assessment Requirement (Either one):

Annex IV – Internal Design Control1. Environment Assessment2. Supply of InformationAnnex V – Management system

Concept of Implementing Measures (IM – the requirement of regulated products):

Ecodesign Requirement (Depend on each IM):

For Example:

Standby power consumption

Energy Efficiency

Endurance test (e.g. Household lamp)

Marking / Instructions / Website information


National Appliance & Equipment Energy Efficiency Program is:

• Managed by the Australian Greenhouse Office

• Mandatory standards, levels and test procedures are published by Standards Australia (national standards body)

• Regulators control the standard setting process for mandatory energy efficiency requirements

The regulatory requirements – Energy Label and MEPS**MEPS – Minimum Energy Performance Standards

Highlights of Energy Efficiency Scheme in Australia

- Enables consumers to compare the energy efficiency of domestic appliances on a fair and equitable basis.

- Provides incentive for manufacturers to improve the energy performance of appliances

- It was first introduced in 1986 in NSW and Victoria. It is now mandatory in all states

Two main features:

- Quick comparative assessment of the model's energy efficiency

- The comparative energy consumption provides estimation of the annual energy consumption

The Energy Label in Australia

The following electrical products to be labeled with

an approved energy label:

• Household refrigerators and freezers

• Clothes washers

• Clothes dryers

• Dishwashers

• Air conditioners (single phase mandatory, three phase voluntary)

• Televisions

The Energy Label in Australia

Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) Regulations:

- Mandatory requirement in Australia by state government legislation and regulations which give force to the relevant Australian Standards

- Specify the general requirements for MEPS for appliances, including offences and penalties if a party does not comply with the requirements

-Technical requirements for MEPS are set out in the relevant appliance standard

Minimum Energy Requirements in Australia

Products regulated by (MEPS) -minimum energy efficiency levels:• Household refrigerators and freezers• Mains pressure electric storage water heaters• Small mains pressure electric storage water heaters (<80L) and low pressure and heat exchanger types • Three phase electric motors (0.73kW to <185kW) • Single phase air conditioners• Three phase air conditioners up to 65kW cooling capacity• Distribution transformers• Ballasts for linear fluorescent lamps • Linear fluorescent lamps• Commercial refrigeration• Incandescent lamps• Compact fluorescent lamps• External power supplies• Set top boxes• Televisions• Commercial building chillers• Close control air conditioners• Transformers and Electronic step-down converters for ELV lamps


The following products are proposed for regulation in the future

- Standby;

- Boiling and chilled water dispensers;

- Vending machines;

- Commercial icemakers;

- Other lamps and lighting equipment.


Mandatory Scheme:

Regulation has been formulated in consistence with

• Energy Conservation Law,

• Product Quality Law,

• Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Certification and Accreditation.

NDRC and AQSIQ are responsible for Regulation explanation, and executed by China National Institute of standardization

This Regulation takes effect from Match 1st, 2005

AQSIQ and NDRC conduct inspection & verification within their respective jurisdiction

Highlights of Energy Efficiency Scheme in China

Nine products test standards:

Product Standard Product Standard Refrigerator GB/T 8059.1-4 Small to Mid- 3 phase

generator GB/T 1032:2005

Chiller GB/T 18430.1:2007OR 18430.2:2007& GB/T 10870:2001

Separate Air -Conditioner

GB/T 17758-1999（GB/T18836-2002 OR JB/T8072-1999);

Air-conditioner GB/T7725OR GB/T17758

Hi Volt Metal Halide GB/T 13259-2005 ,13434-1995

Washing Machine GB/T4288-2003

Ballast Fluorescent Lamp

GB/T17263-2002

Domestic Gas Instantaneous water heater

GB 6932:2001& CJ/Z 228

Requirements on testing and annual surveillance

Energy Labeling Scheme in China

What’s next ?

- Review and upgrade your existing product ranges in order to meet the latest Safety requirements and performance of energy efficiency

- Be aware whether the Energy Efficiency requirement is mandatory in the target market(i.e. CEC in US, MEPS in Australia, Energy Label in EU)

- For US import, product should be ready to meet the ES requirement before the deadline of Energy Star Program, December 31, 2010

- Incorporate the energy efficiency concept during the R&D and procurement process

- Choosing your right Energy Verification Partner which can facilitate the whole testing and certification process

Reference:

- 1. BARACK OBAMA AND JOE BIDEN: NEW ENERGY FOR AMERICA - www.barackobama.com <http://www.barackobama.com/>

- 2. Energy and Environment - http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/energy-and-environment <http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/energy-and-environment>

- 3. Energy Star Testing & Verification Program status report / Industry Views –The Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)

- 4. Energy Star Appliances May Not All Be Efficient, Audit Finds, October 18, 2009 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/19/business/energy-environment/19star.html?_r=1

- 5. Introduction to the regulation, Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resource Canada, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/regulations/html/EERGuide_Part1.cfm?attr=0

- 6. IEC smart grid standardization road map, Prepared by SMB Smart Grid Strategic Group (SG3)June 2010; Edition 1.0http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/roadmap/

http://www.barackobama.com/

http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/energy-and-environment

http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/energy-and-environment

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/19/business/energy-environment/19star.html?_r=1

http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/regulations/html/EERGuide_Part1.cfm?attr=0

THANK YOU !

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