Safety Briefing for January 2007 Topic: Diesel Exhaust Safety

Introduction: I BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW over one million workers are exposed to diesel exhaust annually and face the risk of adverse health effects. These effects can be headaches, nausea, cancer or respiratory disease. Workers can include but are not limited to: loading dock workers, truck drivers, material handling machine operators, and garage workers. Background: Diesel exhaust is an airborne contaminant in workplaces where diesel-powered equipment is used. Due to expanding use of diesel equipment, more workers are being exposed to diesel exhaust. What must an employee know: Studies show exposed workers have an elevated risk of lung cancer and some evidence of risk of bladder cancer. Anyone working around or near diesel exhaust should know the following:

Workers also may experience dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, nausea, and decrement of vision. Diesel exhaust has been implicated as a cause of reactive airway disease.

Laboratory tests have shown diesel exhaust to be toxic and carcinogenic (cancer causing agent). Vehicles at your workplace may produce three kinds of smoke, two of which indicate engine

problems. The three types are: • Blue smoke (mainly oil) which indicates a poorly serviced and/or tuned engine. • Black smoke (soot, oil and unburned fuel) which indicates a mechanical fault with the engine. • White smoke (water droplets and unburned fuel) which is produced when the engine is started.

Prolonged exposure to diesel fumes, in particular to any blue or black smoke, could lead to

coughing and lack of breath. What to do to protect your health from diesel exhaust:

Avoid exposure where possible.

Make full use of any exhaust controls provided. Know how to use the controls.

Report any faults in the controls to your employer, such as poor extraction fans.

Keep doors and windows open to remove as any diesel fumes where possible.

Turn off engines when not required.

Know how to correctly wear any personal protective equipment your employer provides. In addition use personal hygiene measures:

Do not eat or smoke in areas where there is likely to be exposure.

Wash your hands and face before drinking, eating or leaving work.

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Safety Meeting for February 2007 TOPIC: BACK INJURIES Preventing back injuries is a major safety challenge in your workplace. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than one million workers suffer back injuries each year. There are numerous things your employees can do to help reduce that strain placed on the back. Back injuries are on an ever-increasing rise and making your employees knowledgeable of the correct lifting procedures and equipment available to assist in lifting will decrease their chances of a back injury. Avoid Lifting and Bending whenever you can:

Place objects up off the floor. If you can set something down on a table or other elevated surface instead of on the floor, do it so you won't have to reach down to pick it up again.

Raise / lower shelves. The best zone for lifting is between your shoulders and your waist. Put heavier objects on shelves at waist level, lighter objects on lower or higher shelves.

Use carts and dollies to move objects, instead of carrying them yourself. (Remember that it is better on your back to push carts than it is to pull them.)

Use cranes, hoists, lift tables, and other lift-assist devices whenever you can.

Use proper lifting procedures: There are ways to reduce the amount of pressure placed on the back when you do so. By bending the knees, you keep your spine in a better alignment, and you essentially take away the lever principle forces. Instead of using your back like a crane, you allow your legs to do the work. Follow these steps when lifting:

Take a balanced stance with your feet about a shoulder-width apart. One foot can be behind the object and the other next to it.

Squat down to lift the object, but keep your heels off the floor. Get as close to the object as you can.

Use your palms (not just your fingers) to get a secure grip on the load. Make sure you'll be able to maintain a hold on the object without switching your grip later.

Lift gradually (without jerking) using your leg, abdominal and buttock muscles and keeping the load as close to you as possible. Keep your chin tucked in so as to keep a relatively straight back and neck.

Once you're standing, change directions by pointing your feet in the direction you want to go and turning your whole body. Avoid twisting at your waist while carrying a load.

When you put a load down, use these same guidelines in reverse.

Reduce the amount of weight lifted. Better to load several small boxes than one extremely heavy load.

Get help if the shape is too awkward or the object is too heavy for you to lift and move by yourself!

For information or assistance on receiving lockout/tagout training, contact your Forestry Mutual Insurance Company at 1-800-849-7788. $AFETY PAY$

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Safety Briefing for March 2007

Topic: WOODWORKING MACHINERY/EQUIPMENT Introduction: I BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW that the wood industry suffers more finger amputations then any other major industry. As machines become more powerful, more severe injuries occur when employees are not properly trained or when they ignore machine warnings or fail to follow procedures in the Operation’s Manual. Background: Machine or equipment operators perform a job that is often repetitive and monotonous. This can lead to lax safety habits. Do not let this happen to you. As operators of this equipment, you play an important role in the lumber industry. What must an employee know: The first item of importance is proper and complete lockout/tagout procedures of each specific machine and its power sources. Also, provide your employees with training that stresses safety and you can eliminate accidents and contribute to an accident free work place. Always include training on coast down times and “ZERO ENERGY” of your equipment. Follow some basic safety rules to prevent severe injuries:

Wear proper Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) including kickback aprons, and hearing, eye, and foot protection.

Check the alignment of your equipment before you begin work. Perform all adjustment and

lubrications prior to starting the job.

On equipment with kickback fingers, be sure the fingers are properly adjusted and serviceable.

Ensure saw blades are sharp. Sharp blades will increase production and eliminate wear and tear on the machinery.

Saw operators should always use a wood stick to remove scrap wood waste. Never put your

hand near the saw blade while it is running or coasting to a stop.

Keep distractions to a minimum around the machines and equipment. Do not let other employees draw your attention off your work. It could cost you a hand, finger, or arm.

If the equipment is equipped with foot control pedals, make sure there is a protective cover

(treadle guard) over the pedal to prevent accidental start-up or movement of equipment.

If the equipment requires maintenance or repairs, be certain to follow the proper lockout/tagout procedures.

Ensure all guards are put in placed after maintenance is completed and prior to starting the

machine.

Never allow your employees to wear loose clothing around machine operations. It could get caught up in the moving parts.

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Safety Briefing for April 2007 Topic: LOCKOUT AND TAGOUT PROGRAMS

Introduction: Since we continue to have major injuries involving employees failing to lockout machines properly, we decided to stress this issue each year during the beginning of the year. All across our country, workers suffer amputations, electrocutions, severe burns and scars, disfigurements, and even death because they do not properly lockout equipment or machinery.

Background: No employee, new or experienced is immune from lockout injuries. The lack of experience or improper training can cause instantaneous pain. Most employees have a strong desire to be productive and may decide to take short cuts. Safety should never be sacrificed for production. Insurance companies are taking a hard line approach and canceling policies when companies fail to produce or enforce lockout programs.

What must an employee know: It is critical that each machine has written procedures to properly place all power sources in a “Zero Energy” state. Procedures must include each power or energy source, identify the location of disconnects, switches, or valves, and procedures must explain how to correctly lockout out each power source. Taking the extra minute to properly shut down and lockout the power sources is the only way to insure you will not get injured. Employers are responsible to enforce the use of lockout procedures. What Should You Cover?

The most important and most overlooked information is the company safety policy. Ensure your employees are aware of your policy and consequences for non-compliance.

Make sure your employees understand the hazards associated with the job (job safety analysis) they will

be assigned.

For employees operating machinery and equipment, Lockout training that includes all energy hazards, must be the top priority.

Each machine must have specific procedures to identify the power or energy sources that must be

locked out so the machine is in a “Zero Energy” state.

Train employees to lockout thermal, gravity, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, or mechanical power or energy sources.

Stress the importance of good housekeeping to eliminate potential hazards.

Explain safety rules and emergency procedures. Point out the location of first-aid facilities.

Explain how and when to use personal protective equipment and how to care for it.

Inform employees to report unsafe conditions to you, as well as any accidents, even if there are no

injuries or property damage.

No safety-training program is complete without follow-up. Monitor employees during critical procedures. A new set of eyes may point out additional hazards that might have been overlooked.

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Safety Briefing for May 2007

Topic: Shop & Maintenance Hazards

Introduction: I BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW that an incident is defined as "any observable human activity sufficiently complete in itself to permit references and predictions to be made about the persons performing the act." (Whew!) Background: Therefore, it is safe to say that incidents or accidents do not usually just happen; they happen for a reason and are usually due to unsafe acts or conditions. What must an employee know: The following is a list of incidents that have typically led to employee accidents. This list focuses upon shop work, but of course there are many other unsafe acts, conditions, or work activities that give cause for concern. Which of these hazard conditions have you perhaps worked under in your shop or maintenance area?

Adjusting, or cleaning a machine while it is in operation.

Removing a machine guard or tampering with its adjustment while it is in operation.

Using compressed air over 30 psi to remove sawdust and wood chips from work surfaces.

Used compressed air to blow sawdust off clothing without wearing eye protection.

Working without safety glasses and/or a face shield in a designated eye-hazard area.

Failing to use ear plugs in work areas with high noise levels.

Wearing gloves, ties, rings, long sleeves, or loose clothing around machine tools.

Using a grinder with no tongue guard or properly adjusted work rest (1/8 in. max. clearance).

Lifting an object that you know is too heavy for one person to handle.

Using an ungrounded or non-insulated portable electric hand tool.

Smoking in areas where flammables or combustibles are used or stored.

Storing spare oxygen and acetylene bottles near each other when not in use.

Using cranes beyond their load limits or with a missing safety latch on the hook.

Routinely remove table saw, bandsaw, and radial arm saw guards to complete work. Have you ever engaged in any of the above actions and suffered injuries? Was it worth it? Have you ever worked under any of the above conditions--and NOT suffered an injury? If you've been lucky so far, isn't it foolish to become complacent? The above actions have caused many serious, sometimes fatal, injuries in shops and work places--and are just not worth the possible consequences!

Don't be another "typical" incident statistic. Work smarter! Work safely!

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Safety Meeting for June 2007

TOPIC: Heat Stroke Prevention

The logging industry, sawmill operations, and wood manufactures all have a common attribute; most of the work is performed outside or in a facility that does not allow for an air-conditioned environment. Basically, it’s just plain “HOT” accompanied with high humidity levels during the summer months in our part of the United States. This condition makes employees more susceptible to heat-related illnesses and most notably heat stroke.

Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is the most dangerous heat related disorder there is, often putting employee’s lives in danger. Understanding the signs of heat-related illnesses could protect you and others from heat stroke. Remember, a heat stroke is a fast acting, dangerous killer. It can bring about an irreversible coma and even, death, if not properly treated.

Heat Stroke is a medical emergency, and the most severe form of heat related illness. Anyone exhibiting the signs and symptoms of heat stroke should be rushed to the nearest hospital or clinic. A heat stroke does not have to be caused by exercise or exertion. High temperatures, lack of body fluids and overexposure to the elements can all bring about a heat stroke.

Symptoms

The first sign to look for is red, flushed skin. A person that are suffering heat stroke, does not sweat, so it is critical that they receive emergency care immediately to relieve their body of heat. Other signs of Heat Stroke include:

Seizures Headache Rapid pulse Unconsciousness A body temperature of 106-degrees or higher

Prevention

The easiest way to avoid heat stroke and other heat disorders is to keep your body well hydrated. This means drinking plenty of water before, during and after exposure to the elements. Sports drinks are a good choice if you are working in hot conditions, but water works fine, too.

Staying in a place where there is plenty of airspace that will allow your body to naturally cool itself. Sitting in a shaded, open area will help your body rid itself of heat through sweating.

What you wear can play a big factor in how your body will handle the heat. Light colored, loose fitting clothing will aid your body in breathing and cooling itself down naturally. Tight clothing restricts such a process and dark colors absorb the sun’s light and heat.

Heat related illnesses and heat strokes are preventable. Like many sicknesses, it's easier to take steps against heat stroke than it is to treat it. Most doctors recommend consuming eight or more glasses of water a day during normal weather conditions and twice that during high heat periods. Remember, a heat stroke is a fast acting, dangerous killer but it is preventable. For information or assistance on receiving lockout/tagout training, contact your Forestry Mutual

Insurance Company at 1-800-849-7788.

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Safety Briefing for July 2007

Topic: Heat-Related Illness Introduction: I BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW that the body burns calories and produces heat to keep its temperature at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. In a hot environment or during vigorous physical activity, the body will rid itself of excess heat. Two effective ways it does this are sweating and dilation of blood vessels. When sweat evaporates from the skin, you begin to cool off. When blood vessels dilate, blood is brought to the skin surface to release heat. Background: Heat-related illness takes several forms. Heat rash occurs when sweat ducts get clogged. Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms caused by loss of electrolytes from heavy sweating. If employees develop these conditions, immediately get them out of the heat so they can rest. The next stage of heat-related illness may not be far away. Heat syncope, heat exhaustion and heatstroke develop from prolonged exposure to heat. A victim of heat syncope faints when blood flow to the brain is decreased. What must an employee know: When the body loses too much water and salt, heat exhaustion sets in. Signs include weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, heavy sweating, clammy skin and slightly elevated body temperature. Hot Tips to Cool Conditions As a supervisor or employee, you should know how to recognize a victim of heat-related illness. Evaluate the symptoms and follow these first aid actions: Heat cramps: Have the employee sip water or a diluted sports drink. Gently stretch the muscle. Heat syncope: Have the employee lie down in a cool area. Heat exhaustion: Lay the employee down in a cool area with his or her legs raised. Remove excessive layers of clothing. Give up to 1 liter of water. Do not give anything to drink if the employee vomits. Cool the worker with cold, wet cloths and a fan. Heatstroke: Call for medical help immediately. While you wait for help to arrive, move the employee to a cool place, remove clothing down to underwear and apply ice packs at the neck, armpits and groin. Cover the employee with wet towels or cloths or spray him or her with cool water, and fan the employee to quickly evaporate the dampness on the skin. Catch It Early Awareness is vital to prevent heat-illness. Supervisors and employees need to watch for warning signs. Employees adapt to the heat, but they usually know their limitations and supervisors should never push beyond those limits. Employees can take other preventive measures to combat the heat:

Eat light. The more calories you take in, the more body heat you produce.

Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Drink at least 8 ounces per half hour.

Choose the proper type and amount of clothing. Cotton allows skin to breathe and absorbs sweat. Wide-brimmed hats protect from direct sunlight.

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Safety Briefing for August 2007

Topic: TRUCK DRIVERS: DRUG/ALCOHOL TESTING Introduction: I BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW that drug and alcohol testing is a fact of life for truck drivers today. Drivers with a commercial driver license (CDL) are subject to it, as are truck owner-operators with a CDL, and employers who employ drivers with a CDL must have a testing program. Employers bear the ultimate responsibility for assuring drivers are in compliance with federal regulations. Background: Employers must conduct random controlled substances and alcohol tests throughout each year. The controlled substances tests must involve enough drivers to equal at least 50 percent of the average number of driver positions. The alcohol tests must involve enough drivers to equal at least 10 percent of the average driver positions. All drivers must have an equal chance of being selected and must be selected throughout the year using a scientific method. What must log truck drivers know: Drivers must submit to a controlled substances and/or alcohol test whenever a properly-trained motor carrier official or supervisor observes or documents behavior indicating controlled substances or alcohol use. Additional facts involving trucking and drug/alcohol:

3 percent of fatally injured truck drivers have blood alcohol concentrations above 0.08 percent.

While time of day and drug positive tests are not significantly related, 70 percent of the drug

positive tests occurred in the following times: 9:00 am; 1:00 pm; and 6:00 pm -- 48 percent of all truck fatal accidents occurred during these times.

A roadside study in found that illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, or

methamphetamines were more prevalent than alcohol.

5 percent of truck drivers test positive for illicit drug use and 0.2 percent tested positive for alcohol.

The most frequently cited accident probable cause was fatigue (31 percent) followed by alcohol and other drug use impairment (29 percent).

Studies prove a significant relationship between drug positive test results and the day of the

week. Saturday and Monday are the days with the highest percentages of drug positive tests.

3 percent of truck drivers in nonfatal crashes test positive for illicit drugs.

5,000 people die each year in crashes involving trucks, 85 percent were not truck occupants.

Trucking accounted for 3 percent of registered vehicles and 7 percent of vehicle miles but were involved in 12 percent of all motor vehicle crash deaths.

In fatal two-vehicle crashes involving passenger vehicles and large trucks, 97 percent of the deaths occur to the occupants in the passenger vehicles.

For additional information on U.S. Department of Transportation regulatory requirements visit their website at www.dot.gov or write U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 7th Street, S.W., Washington D.C. 20590 or phone 202-366-4000.

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Safety Briefing for September 2007

Topic: Preventing an Accident

Introduction: I BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW that a "near miss" or "incident" is an unplanned event that has the potential for property loss or injury and prevents a task from being completed. It has been reported that incidents or near misses preceded 75 percent of on-the-job injuries. Background: How do you handle those minor accidents or near misses in your workplace? What's your attitude to an incident? Do you feel momentarily relieved an incident wasn't any worse and return to your routine? Are you told or do you tell workers to be more careful next time? Is there a plan for preventing mishaps? What must an employee know: Developing a preventive, not reactive, safety program should be an on-going role of everyone. The warning signs of "near misses" cannot be neglected. Understand what happened before you try to reduce or control any hazards. The following questions can help you analyze the cause of an incident:

• Was the worker using unsafe practices? • Was the worker violating any safety practices? • Were conditions unsafe? • Did the worker have proper lighting? • Was the worker taking short-cuts? • Is the worker accident-prone? • Was the near-victim authorized to be in that work area?

Everyone should be especially interested in each incident or near miss occurring in their work area. Reporting the incident or near miss is key in preventing future occurrences and should never be viewed as “telling on someone”. The accident that you prevent could be you own. Consider the following to assist in preventing accidents:

Determine if proper safety practices were being used when a "near miss" occurred.

Did a lack of skills or possibly a training concern lead up to the incident?

Has enough time been spent on loss-control? Remember that accident prevention controls losses. Conduct safety inspections of working conditions and practices each time you walk through your work area.

Share safety responsibilities with employees. Repeat your mishap prevention message to all

your workers, not just those involved in a "near miss."

Hold safety meetings following incidents so everyone hears about problem areas or about mistakes to avoid in the future. They need to understand those one-time minor injuries or damages could be extremely serious next time.

You don't need to wait for a serious injury or accident in order to analyze what changes need to be made in working conditions or safety practices. Rather, use an incident or near miss as an opportunity to find and eliminate causes of problems that could result in injuries or property-damaging accidents.

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Safety Briefing for October 2007 Topic: LUMBER STACKER SEVERELY INJURED – SLIPS, TRIPS, FALLS

Background The lumber stacker worked on a green chain stacking various size boards and stacked them in appropriate stacks. On the particular day of the incident he stacked 1” x 6” poplar of various lengths. Personal Characteristics The lumber stacker was 19 years old. He worked for one month and the employer stated he was a good employee and he considered him fully trained. All personal protective equipment was worn. Accident The individual worked at the end of the out feed on the right side of the green chain. As the individual walked around the end of the green chain to go stack lumber on the left side, he stepped onto a 6” x 6” cant. His foot slipped, causing him to twist his ankle and fall into a rotating shaft on the end of the green chain. As the individual fell, his cotton work shirt wrapped around the shaft and it pulled him into a 6” diameter chain and sprocket. Injury The employee received a broken ankle, broken leg, knee injuries, a compound fractures in the right arm, and head trauma. He underwent surgery and is still undergoing treatment for his injuries. His lost duty time will be large due to recovery. No equipment or machines were damaged. Unsafe Acts Or Conditions 1. He had loose clothing around moving mechanical parts. He failed to keep his shirt tucked in. 2. He walked on a cant and failed to recognize slip/trip/fall hazards. He failed to walk around the cants or use proper crossovers. 3. The rotating shaft was not completely guarded Recommendations 1. Individuals working around mechanical equipment should always secure loose clothing. 2. Individuals should use proper crossovers and avoid slip/trip/fall hazards. 3. Employers must guard rotating shafts that create hazards, especially in walkway areas. 4. Keep walkways free of trash and debris.

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Safety Briefing for November 2007

Topic: WINTER WEATHER WARNING

Introduction: Right about this time of the year, you are feeling the cooler temperatures of winter. In winter, hypothermia becomes a danger that you must watch out for. Anyone that works outside, including laborers, loggers, sawmill employees, and construction workers needs to take precautions and be prepared in case you or a co-worker need emergency care. Background: Just as heat stress is the most prevalent hazard in the summer, trench foot and frostbite are the prevalent hazards for the winter months. These serious conditions can be caused by prolonged exposure to freezing or cold temperatures. In extreme cases, including falling into cold water, exposure can quickly lead to death. What must an employee know: The first item of importance is knowledge of hypothermia. Hypothermia is the condition that can occur when your body’s core temperature falls to a low enough temperature as to impede or to impair normal brain or muscle functions. Exposure to cold air, cold water or a combination of the two can cause a body to lose heat rapidly. Heat loss can occur when you contact anything cold or wet, (such as snow or wet clothing), or through evaporation, which occurs during normal breathing and perspiration.

Symptoms of hypothermia include uncontrolled shivering, slurred speech, clumsy movements, a fatigue feeling and acting confused. If you notice these signs, in others or yourself, call for help.

Here are some tips for helping employees prevent hypothermia:

• Recognize the conditions in your workplace that may present a danger.

• Train workers to recognize the symptoms of hypothermia and to understand treatment procedures.

• Dress for the weather. The best clothing for periods of cold or wet environments includes a breathable layer next to the skin, an insulating layer such as wool, (wool insulates even when wet), and a waterproof outer layer.

• Hydrate. Dehydration speeds the onset of hypothermia. Drink warm, sweet beverages but avoid coffee, tea, and hot chocolate or other drinks with caffeine. Always avoid alcohol.

• Eat warm, high-calorie foods such as pasta.

• Do not work alone. Use the buddy system. Working with someone increases the likelihood that one worker will recognize symptomatic danger signs.

• Frequently, take a break. The more extreme the cold, the more frequent warm-up breaks are needed.

Remember, anyone who is in poor physical condition, or suffers from illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease, or takes certain medications, will be at higher risk of suffering from hypothermia.

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Safety Briefing for December 2007

Topic: Overhead Hazards No matter what time of the year, we have claims associated with falling limbs. Unfortunately our jobs are inherently dangerous; one wrong decision can prove catastrophic in a heartbeat. The logging industry, over the past ten years, has experienced serious life threatening injuries and deaths and the majority have happened in the last quarter of the year; more specifically, most happen during the holiday season. DO NOT BECOME COMPLACENT! At this time of the year when the leaves have dropped, do not lose focus on your job and think you can see all the hazards more clearly. You must stay focused on the job at hand. Please take the time to have a safety briefing with your crew on OVERHEAD HAZARDS. • Use approved, well maintained personal protective equipment (PPE) for head protection. • Maintain communication with everyone in the work area. • Look and scan at least 50 ahead on your ground path. • Look up and scan ahead for at least 100 feet ahead for all overhead hazards. • Flag known hazards such as broken limbs and dead snags. • Do not allow anyone on the ground near lodged or hung trees. Remove them as soon as possible. • Do not place your body under anything that can fall due to gravity or the loss of hydraulic pressure. • Maintain at least two tree lengths from all felling areas. (300 feet or 100 yards) • BE SEEN. Wear high visibility clothing. • Never walk into a work area with running or moving equipment until the equipment is stopped,

engine cut-off and the hydraulic attachments grounded. In nearly every accident, it is the person on the ground that is at risk from hazards from above. As a team, work together and stay focused. Take the time to look for overhead hazards, identify the hazard, tell everyone about it, and remove it or flag it to keep personnel away. Your proper decisions will result in a happy holiday season for all. LOOK UP AND OUT!

$AFETY PAY$

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST IN SAFETY !!!!!!!