N DEF2Diesel Exhaust Fluid

Precision, Purity, Performance.

We don’t compromise on quality so you can keep your trucks

on the road longer.

A Better DEF.™Brenward Industries was founded by scientists who are obsessed with precision and exacting standards. We’ve put in the time to understand how Diesel Exhaust Fluid is supposed to work in SCR sy stems, and what causes the system to shut down, or “throw faults.”

Tired of “Bad DEF” Codes? We have chemically engineered a better product that has superior purity, lower consumption rates, and reduces the number of overall SCR system faults in your engines, all of which means one thing:

Exacting standards make a big difference.

First, we start with raw materials that exceed the ISO 22241 quality standard

for DEF. Next, our special process results in an API-certified DEF that has a higher purity than any other product

on the market. Finally, we prevent contamination at every step, from our manufacturing facilities to the tank on

your equipment.

Our customers report that after they switch their fleets from standard DEF to

N2DEF, they experience:

No more SCR system faultsLower maintenance costs

and their equipment can

Go 15% longer between refills.

Why does purity matter so much?The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system used with today’s diesel engines utilizes Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)—a precise solution of urea and de-ionized water—as a chemical mixture. DEF is sprayed into the exhaust, allowing chemical reactions to convert nitrogen oxides (NOx) present in the exhaust into less harmful compounds before it is released from the vehicle. If the solution is diluted or contaminated, its efficiency as a chemical filter is reduced.

SCR systems function by measuring the efficiency of the catalyst—they ask the question, “has this system reduced the amount of NOx in this exhaust by 90% or more?” If the answer is no, the system will increase the dose of DEF until the 90% mark can be met. As more contaminants enter the SCR catalyst, the system continually increases the dose of DEF to compensate, increasing your engine’s consumption of DEF.

Eventually, however, if there is a continual source of contamination, such as internal build-up or the addition of more standard-quality DEF to the tank, the system cannot decrease the NOx to the acceptable range.

This failure will activate the on-board vehicle diagnostics systems, dramatically reducing vehicle performance, and possibly setting off a “Bad DEF” code that could void warranties and dehabilitate the vehicle. Extremely contaminated DEF can even clog the injector which sprays DEF into the exhaust stream, creating additional down-time for repairs and maintenence.

Truck A: 6 months with regular DEF

Drives 10,000 milesUses 500 gallons of DEF Produces an SCR code that requires a maintenence check and 2 days in the shop to have SCR system flushed, inspected, and codes cleared.

Cost of DEF consumed ($3/gal.): $1,500Cost of SCR maintenence: $1,250

Downtime: Two days.

Truck B: 6 months with

Drives 10,000 milesUses 375 gallons of N2DEFNo SCR maintenence.

Cost of DEF consumed ($4/gal.): $1,500Cost of SCR maintenence: $0

Savings: $1,250Downtime: None.

N DEF2Diesel Exhaust Fluid

Just look at your bottom line:

Our DEF is API Certified by the American Petroleum Insitute. This means that we have demonstrated that our Diesel Exhaust Fluid meets the requirements of the most recent and applicable edition of the ISO 22241 standard manufacturing protocols regarding the processes, equipment, and raw materials used to produce DEF.

An API Certification is one standard of quality... but that is just the

beginning for N DEF2Diesel Exhaust Fluid

We exceed API and ISO standards to make a better product. Here are test results for a sample of Brenward Industries’ N2DEF fluid. You can compare for yourself how N2DEF stands up against the ISO standards. In our production process, we go beyond the requirements, removing far more contaminants out of the catalysts, increasing their efficiency and decreasing consumption rates by 15% - 40%.

Rev 4 01/14 E4 Pg 1 of 2

Amalgamated Laboratories, Inc. 2965 West Osborn Phoenix, AZ 85017 Phone: 602-252-0280 Fax: 602-252-0282 E-mail info@amalgatech.com

Diesel Exhaust Fluid per ISO 222411

Characteristics Unit Test Methods Limits Acceptance Range2

Results min. max. min. max.

Urea content % (m/m)

ISO 22241-2 Annex A ISO 22241-2 Annex B

31.8 33.2 30.8 34.2 32.3

Density at 20°C kg/m3 ISO 3675 or ISO 12185 1087.0 1093.0 1086.5 1093.5 1089.6

Refractive index at 20°C --- ISO 22241-2

Annex C 1.3814 1.3843 1.3804 1.3853 1.3828

Alkalinity as NH3 %m/m ISO 22241-2 Annex D --- 0.2 --- 0.24 0.07

Biuret %m/m ISO 22241-2 Annex E --- 0.3 --- 0.34 0.278

Aldehydes mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex F --- 5.0 --- 7.4 0.0

Insoluble matter mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex G --- 20 --- 27.6 0.0

Phosphate (PO4) mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex H --- 0.5 --- 0.53 0.08

Calcium mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.5 --- 0.55 0.17

Iron mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.5 --- 0.65 0.06

Copper mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.2 --- 0.24 0.00

Zinc mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.2 --- 0.26 0.00

Chromium mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.2 --- 0.26 0.07

Nickel mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.2 --- 0.26 0.03

Aluminum mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.5 --- 0.65 0.00

Magnesium mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.5 --- 0.65 0.04

Sodium mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.5 --- 0.75 0.25

Potassium mg/kg ISO 22241-2 Annex I --- 0.5 --- 0.75 0.11

Identity --- ISO 22241-2 Annex J Identical to reference Identical to reference Identical to reference

Comments by Amalgatech:

2 Acceptance Range = Limit adjusted for reproducibility per Annex B

Contact: Brent Fischer Sample ID NVS14042808 Company: Brenward Industries Batch # NVS14042808 Address: 55 Parr Blvd Date sampled Date Received 4/29/2014 City, ST, Zip Reno, 89512 89512 Date Promised 5/2/2014 E-Mail west46@live.com Amalgatech ID 1404350 Phone / Fax (775) 250-0561 / (775) 301-8398 Report Date 4/30/2014

What triggers SCR failure codes?An SCR failure code only means the SCR system has ceased to function correctly; it does not determine the cause of the failure. A simple mechanical problem such as a pump or sensor failure will send the same SCR failure code as a filter that has been clogged by contaminants, for example. The most common reasons for SCR failure codes are clogged DEF filters, clogged DEF injectors, pump failure, failed NOX sensors, and lastly, contaminated DEF.

Then why have I been told I have “Bad DEF?”When a technician sees an SCR failure code, he may use a common refractive index (RI) meter to measure the concentration of solids in the DEF. The standard concentration of urea solids in DEF is 32.5%. Once he sees an RI meter reading that is not exactly 32.5%, he will notify you that he has “tested” the DEF in your tank and found that it is “Bad DEF.”

However, while the API and ISO 22241 standards require an urea concentration of 32.5%, the standards indicate a safe and efficient tolerance of +/- .7%. In field tests, SCR systems operate without issue using DEF with urea concentrations ranging from 28% to 38%. In other words, DEF with a concentration of 33.1% urea, for example, is not the cause of your system failure, although your mechanic may have been told that it is.

Furthermore, an RI meter is a simple mechanical device that only measures the concentration of solids in DI water, not specifically for urea. A 32.5% concentration of salt water and a 32.5% concentration of urea will read exactly the same way in an RI meter.

In fact, if the RI meter has not been properly – and recently – calibrated with fresh, type-1 deionized water, it will not give an accurate reading of concentration. In short, the RI test is a inadequate measure of purity for DEF fluid. At best it is a placebo for more rigorous, more expensive, testing.

Standard tap water “flushing” will actually make it worse.To remedy the contaminated system, your technician may want to wash out the vehicle’s DEF tank. Flushing the system with tap water, however, which is a common practice, will leave the tank even more contaminated than before due to impurities that are commonly present in tap water, such as calcium, flouride, chlorine, and metals.

What should be done?First, the shop should confirm that there are no mechanical failures such as a clogged filter, bad pump or NOX sensor in the system. A simple ohm test at the plug will verify that the NOX sensor is operating properly. If the system has failed due to contaminants, the tank should be flushed with new DEF or winter windshield washer fluid (alcohol and DI water); then all the DEF filters should be replaced. Determine if the DEF injector is clogged by removing it from the catalyst and then observing whether it produces an even plume of DEF when the engine is started.

If, based only on a highly unreliable RI meter reading, your technician reports to the manufacturer that your SCR system has been damaged by “Bad DEF,” it could void the warranty on your system. At minimum, you should request a DEF RI meter calibration certificate; be aware that there are eighteen different API / ISO 22241 standard tests available that will determine the purity of your DEF (and they cost $600 to run).

Next, request all the maintenance and repair history reports on your equipment if it was pre-owned. If the SCR system had previous code issues, the prior owner could have had the codes cleared and then sold the truck without disclosing pre-existing issues. Most SCR failure issues are covered by OEM warranties – except for failures that are attributed by technicians to “Bad DEF.”

What exactly IS a “Bad DEF” code?Maintenance technicians at many dealerships incorrectly think an SCR system failure code automatically means that the system is contaminated and that the contamination has come from “bad DEF,” and they will call this failure code a “Bad DEF” code. Actually, there is no such thing as a “bad DEF” code.

But where did the contaminants come from?Although it is common to be told that contaminated DEF storage is a reason for SCR system failures, there are many other more likely sources of contaminants.

Contaminated On-site Storage?Closed-loop systems such as the type Brenward Industries recommends and installs will prevent accidental on-site storage contamination. If your DEF totes or other storage systems are a source of contamination, all of the trucks running DEF pumped from that source will have the same issues. If you have only one vehicle with a code, it is unlikely a storage-system issue. Contaminated Vehicle DEF Tanks?It is possible for an equipment operator to mistakenly put diesel fuel or windshield washer fluid into the vehicle’s DEF tank. However, for most operations, this is highly unlikely.

Some SCR systems have open-air venting that introduce sediment and other insoluble contaminants such as sand into the tank, which can result in a clogged filter or injector.

Standard-quality DEF?In fact, even standard-quality DEF that is certified and has met the ISO 22241 standards usually contains small amounts of contaminants that will build up over time. This is not “Bad DEF,” it is just standard-quality DEF, and the resulting build-up contributes to shorter catalyst life.

N2DEF has NO impurities, not LOW impurities.N2DEF is made with a higher quality standard than other DEF products. We exceed the ISO 22241 standards that other manufacturers simply meet, resulting in a product that actually surpasses, rather than simply meets, the standard. Have a look at the ISO 22241 - 3rd party test result for N2DEF and see how far we execeed the standard!

N DEF2Diesel Exhaust Fluid

Since 2013, we’ve sold more than 2,250,000 gallons of our

product to our customers, and no vehicle using N2DEF has experienced an SCR system

fault. Not one.

I wouldn’t use anything but N2DEF

at any price.”

Cashman Caterpillar EquipmentReno, NevadaKevin Colvin Product Support and Sales Representative 775-332-2484

Sierra Freightliner Sterling Western Star, Inc.Sparks, NevadaDoran A. Clark Parts Manager775-331-2550

GCR Tires & Service Turlock, CaliforniaJoey Yonan District Sales Manager OTR/Industrial209-581-4743

RPM Automotive Sparks, NevadaKyle McMullen Shop Manager775-359-0840

TEC EquipmentSparks, NevadaIsaac ReadParts Manager775-356-7200

Western Nevada SupplySparks, NevadaAaron BlackwellShipping Manager 775-353-0217

Our satisfied customers will be happy to talk to you.

Dynamic Diesel, Inc.Sparks, NevadaMike Robbins Shop Foreman775-359-4477

Washoe County School District Reno, NevadaBernadette Muao Transportation Fleet Maintenence Parts Manager775- 337-7751

REMSA Reno, NevadaTed Britton Fleet Manager775 858-5700 X 2148

ENGS Motor Truck Co.Sparks, NevadaJake JohnsonParts Manager775-356-1700

“Our SCR maintenence issues have gone to zero.”

“I’d love to let my national fleet

manager in on this secret.”

What our customers say:

We are your complete DEF

solution. We want to de-mystify the SCR

system for you and simplify your DEF requirements.

Brenward Industries carries all the DEF equipment & products

you need to keep your fleet running and your down-time to

a minimum.

From drum equipment and accessories to bulk storage

pumps & tanks, tote heaters, remote portable pump skids, and fleet dispensers, we have

what you need.

For more information or ordering email us at

info@brenward.com or give us a call at 775-250-0561.

BRENWARDINDUSTRIES

1050 Marietta WaySparks, Nevada 89431

775-250-0561

www.brenward.com