safety complete

SUBMISSION COVER SHEET

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (MGT 61003)

Title: Risk assessment on safety and healthat construction sites in Malaysia

Date of submission: 13/7/2016

Group Student’s name:

1. Hong Kai Yin 03233612. Lau Chin Sheng 03178993. Kong Zhen Chung 03195284. Yong Sing Yew 03187665. Welson Lum Wei Jiunn 03195146. Munzir bin Akmal 0304924

Introduction

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

The Malaysian Construction Industry has a poor health and safety record. According to the Department of Occupational Safety and Health, there were 3,150 accidents and 77 deaths reported in year 2005 alone. Even though the number of accidents and deaths has declined compared to the previous years, the statistics are still amongst the highest compared to the other sectors in the economy.

The construction industry employs more than 770,000 workers and has long been considered as difficult, dangerous and dirty occupation due to the high incidence of accidents, injuries and deaths. Project safety and risk assessment in construction are correlated. Hence, we students are requested to prepare a report of a study in groups on the above topic. The objective of the study is to determine and analyse the safety risk factor at construction sites.

The study will base on three (3) key activities:

Hazard identification Evaluation of risk Prevention and protection measures

Other than that, the policy and organization of the safety and health

also will be included. The scope of this study will be focused on construction sites in Malaysia. The study will be carried out based on questionnaire to be sent out to respondents of 25 construction companies or organizations.

Policy (Health & Safety)

What is Policy? It is a course or principle of action adopted or proposed

by a government, party, business, or individual. A construction company

in Malaysia should have their own policy of health and safety based on

the law of Malaysia.

For example:

1. A construction company should establish a policy to provide

guidelines and procedures to be followed by the employees during

work based on:

OSHA 1994 Act Section 24 - General duties of employees at work.(1) It shall be the duty of every employee while at work:

(a) To take reasonable care for the safety and health of himself and of

other persons who may be affected by his acts or omissions at work;

(b) To co-operate with his employer or any other person in the

discharge of any duty or requirement imposed on the employer or that

other person by this Act or any regulation made thereunder;

(c) To wear or use at all times any protective equipment or clothing

provided by the employer for the purpose of preventing risks to his

safety and health; and

(d) To comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety

and health instituted by his employer or any other person by or under

this Act or any regulation made thereunder.

2. A construction company should have a policy to have safety and

health committee at place of work to make sure every work is

under safe condition based on:

OSHA 1994 Act Section 31 – Functions of safety and health committee.The safety and health committee established at a place of work

pursuant to section 30:

(a) Keep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and

health of persons at the place of work;

(b) Investigate any matter at the place of work:

(i) which a member of the committee or a person employed thereat

considers is not safe or is a risk to health; and

(ii) which has been brought to the attention of the employer;

(c) shall attempt to resolve any matter referred to in paragraph (b)

and, if it is unable to do so, shall request the Director General to

undertake an inspection of the place of work for that purpose; and

(d) Shall have such other functions as may be prescribed.

3. A construction company should have notification of accidents,

dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning and occupational

diseases, and inquiry based on:

OSHA 1994 Act Section 32 - Notification of accidents, dangerous occurrence occupational poisoning and occupational diseases, and inquiry.

(1) An employer shall notify the nearest occupational safety and

health office of any accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational

poisoning or occupational disease which has occurred or is likely to

occur at the place of work.

(2) Every registered medical practitioner or medical officer attending

to, or called in to visit, a patient whom he believes to be suffering

from any of the diseases listed in the Third Schedule of the Factories

and Machinery Act 1967 [Act 139.], or any disease named in any

regulation or order made by the Minister under this Act, or

occupational poisoning shall report the matter to the Director General.

OSHA 1994 Act Section 33 - Director General may direct inquiry to be held.

(1) If in the opinion of the Director General, an inquiry ought to be

held into the nature and cause of the accident, dangerous

occurrence, occupational poisoning or occupational disease, he may

cause such an inquiry to be held by an occupational safety and health

officer.

(2) The Director General may appoint one or more persons of

engineering, medical or other appropriate skills or expertise to serve

as assessors in any such inquiry.

(3) Every person not being a public officer serving as an assessor in

the inquiry may be paid an allowance at such rate or rates as the

Minister may determine.

Training

Crane and Hoist Safety Training

Introduction

This program will provide safety principles for all mechanical and

electrical cranes and hoist operations. Enable to comply Factory and

Machinery Act 1967 regarding legal requirements for crane and hoist.

Benefit of the program

* Understand techniques to operate Crane and Hoist safely.

* Identify hazards related to Crane and Hoist.

* Understand self-responsibility on preventing Crane and Hoist accident

* Enable management to comply Factory and Machinery Act 1967 on

Legal Requirements for Crane and Hoist.

* Understand Crane and Hoist incident management.

Focus Group

* Mechanical and Electrical Crane and Hoist Operator

* Safety and Health Officer

* Management Staff

Fire Fighting Training

Introduction

Fire accident is one of the most threatening hazards to an organization.

Emergency Response Team member are the first respondent who

responsible to response during a fire emergency. Therefore, ERT

members should be educate and prepare on the proper techniques of

fighting a fire. They should be trained on the proper use of the fire

extinguishing equipment that has been installed in the workplace.

Benefits of the program

* Able to assemble and deploy firefighting equipment and working as a

team.

* Learn to effectively use various types of firefighting equipment.

* Identify hazards that are most likely to affect their work place.

* Apply basic rescue techniques and strategies in the occurrences of

emergencies.

Focus Group

* HSE Personnel

* Supervisors

* Head of Department


* ERT Member

Safety in the Use of Hazardous Chemical

Introduction

Workers are exposed to various types of chemicals at workplace. There

are estimated to be approximately two million chemical compounds. Not

all of these chemicals have been tested thoroughly regarding their

dangerous properties. Therefore, chemicals should be treated with

greatest care.

The Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of

Chemical Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000, clearly stipulated the

responsibility of the employer to control hazardous “Industrial Chemical”

with respect to their usage and to set workplace exposure standards so

as to protect health of the employees and other person at the place of

work.

Focus Group

* Chemical handlers

* Maintenance Crew

* Safety & Health Committee Members

* Store Keeper

Electrical Safety Training

Introduction

Electrical shock is very dangerous so then electrical equipment should

be properly insulted. Any power cords that are frayed must be discarded

and any live/hot wires should be insulated to prevent danger of electrical

shock.

Electric safety training is to safeguard against injury when using electrical

equipment, requirements and standards have been established through

the implementation OSHA 1994.

Focus Group

* Maintenance Crew (Electrical / Mechanical)


* Supervisor and all level of works

Emergency Response Team Training

Introduction

In any work place today, there are various natural or man-made risks

that you could potentially be exposed to. The Emergency Response

Team (ERT) program is an opportunity to train your personnel to be an

asset following a disaster.

Importance of Emergency Response Team (ERT) Training

To build a highly skilled ERT Team who would be able to respond

effectively and confidently in the occurrences of an emergency.

Focus Group

* HSE Personnel

* Supervisors

* Head of Department


* ERT Member

Chemical Spill Control

Introduction

This is the duty of every employer under Section 15.2 (C) to provide

information, instructions and training to concerned employees to ensure

Safety and Health at workplace is maintained always. Everyone is

responsible for spill prevention, reporting and sometimes, clean up.


* Understand the responsibilities of both employers and employees

towards chemical or oil spill clean-up.

* Implement the proper procedures in the event or spill at workplace.

* Procedure the correct steps to control/ prevention any spill at

workplace.

Focus Group

* Chemical handlers

* Maintenance Crew


* Store Keeper

CIDB Green Card TrainingIntroduction

CIDB Green Card is an identification card for personnel who or will be

working on any construction site. CIDB green card training will provide

information, instructions and training to construction workers about the

safety & healthy aspects that should be practice in construction site to

minimize workplace accidents.


* An insurance benefit by Takaful National .Accidental death of the CIDB

green card holder,

beneficiary will receive compensation amounting to RM 21, 500.00

* A hospitalization benefit is also included :-

- Card holder will be compensated RM25.00 per day for 30days.

Focus Group

* All construction workers

* Engineers

* Project Manager

* Site safety officer

Site Safety Training Programme

Introduction

Construction industries in Malaysia have made tremendous progress in

recent years. However, this construction sites had create a risk for the

construction worker and also the public who move around the site.

Dramatic steps should be taking to prevent the risk at the construction

site and minimize the hazards. Safety awareness among the site workers

will minimize the accidents and deaths in construction site. Thus, this site

safety training program will guide participants to acquire sufficient

information, knowledge and techniques to ensure that the safety of site

workers are given paramount importance and also will produce

responsible and reliable construction site workers as regulated under

OSHA 1994 and Factories and Machinery Act 1963.


* Posses good understanding of OSHA 1994 and Factories And

Machinery Act 1963.

* Understand the importance of Site Safety and promote good conduct

of safety practices at site.

* To perform safety inspection to the site from time to time.

* State the dos and don’ts at site to avoid risk and hazard at the site.

* Always rectify any unsafe conditions and practices.

* To emphasize SAFETY AS CULTURE among workers at the

construction site.

Focus Group

* Managers

* Contractors

* Project Leaders

* Engineers

* Supervisors

Safety audit

What is safety audit?

An audit is a more in depth survey of one, or a number of, aspects of the Management System. It will follow document trails, check the understanding of the workforce and look for evidence to demonstrate whether or not the management system is functioning properly and the requirements given in the Health and Safety Policy are being met. Audits are important to the effective safety management as they are responsible to safety planning, analysis, and make correction when needed.

The importance of safety audit

Safety audits are an important component for overall safety plan. They will help to keep safety program effective and help to ensure the project ongoing is in compliance with OSHA and other safety codes and standards. For example, as time passes, the workplace can change as habits develop. Therefore, machines are modified or replaced. Also, new work practices are introduced. These changes may impact safety and the safety audit is used to ensure the safety plan and safety inspections have been modified to adjust them for the new conditions.Safety self-audits are not required by OSHA, but they are seen by OSHA as an important part of a workplace safety plan.

Difference between safety inspection and safety audit

In order to have a better understanding towards safety audit, we will compare the differences between safety audit and safety inspection and also their similarities.

First, we will discuss about their similarities.1. They both strive to determine whether the workplace is in

compliance with all safety codes and standards to ensure the safety of the workplace.

2. Also, both safety audit and safety inspection will use a safety checklist. This is to check whether the listing items are in compliance with the OSHA standards.

Then, to distinguish between safety audit and safety inspection, we have listed out some differences between them.Safety audit Safety inspector

Examine the checklists used for Examine to determine whether all

safety inspections to determine if they are complete and up-to-date

safeguards are in place

Examine the inspection plan to evaluate whether inspections are being conducted by the qualified people, on an effective schedule, and in a complete and comprehensive manner

Examine the physical conditions and work practices in a workplace.

Looks at the overall safety plan, the management of that plan and whether correction action is being taken when a safety issue is found

Work practices are observed to identify unsafe actions

Examine whether the inspection’s actions are workable

Identify what are the risk that may occurs at the site

Statistics

In order to identify the main risks that threatens the safety on site, we have made a risk assessment form and sent to construction

companies for them to fill up. Based on the answers we got from construction companies, we have conclude the following data.

First of all, we retrieve information about the company size, their length operation and the number of projects they have completed. We found out that most of the companies are new companies that built up not long ago.

Next, we also collected information about the hazards that may occur on site. We have listed out five hazards that may occur on site and determine which one is the most serious among them. The five hazards are falling from certain height, unsafe excavation, hit by falling objects, unstable machinery or plants and fire hazard. Based on the replies from the construction companies, we found out that the risks that cause the most casualties are hit by falling objects and falling from certain height. The risks that is most unlikely to occur on site is fire hazard.

Other than that, we also make a survey on the most common accidents that may occurred in construction projects. The available options we made for the companies to choose from is working on unsafe scaffolding, chemical spill, fire hazard, unsafe electrical installation, overload forklift and struck by sharp objects. According to the replies from the companies, we can know that working on unsafe scaffolding and unsafe electrical installation are the accidents that are most likely to occur on site. Meanwhile, the accidents that occurred the least on site is fire hazard and chemical spill.

We also asked the companies whether they will implement the safety brief to their workers before the start of every project. The results we get are 18 out of 20 companies will take this action. Also, 15 out of 20 companies have appointed a safety officer on the construction site to supervise and inspect the safety precautions in order to minimize the hazards. We also found out that companies who are willing and companies who are not willing to provide safety training to their workers are the same. Companies who are not willing to provide safety training are mostly because they have insufficient time or budget. Also, most of the companies will provide safety equipment such as safety helmet to their workers. Last but not least, the sum of the money invested on safety equipment by the companies are mostly between the range of RM10,000 - RM20,000.

In conclusion, most of the companies are more concern on the safety of the site than the profit they gained.

Organizational chart of Health Safety and Environment Organization

Figure 1.0 shows typical project Health Safety and Environment Organization chart

Job scope

1. Safety Manager

Project Manager

Engineering Manager

Safety Engineering

Fire Protection Engineer

Acoustic Engineer

Process Engineer

Other Discipline Engineer

Procurement Manager

Logistics & Shipping Group

Purchasing Group

Construction Manager

Sub Contractor Group

Material Control Group

Final Supervision Group

Site HSE Manager

Commissioning manager

Commissioning Group

QC Manager

QC Group

HSE Manager QA Manager

The main role of safety manager is to advise the Directors and Managers on all safety, health, and welfare matters to ensure that the company complies with its statutory obligations.

Detailed job scope of Safety Manager

1. Understand the application of Health and Safety at work rules and regulations and other legislations relevant to the company’s business.

2. Keep up to date with changes in current legislation and to bring to the attention of the Director responsible for Health and Safety any relevant new legislation.

3. Attend course or seminars run by external sources to enable accurate interpretation of legislation to enable implementation within the organization.

4. Ensure that all assessments as required by legislation are conducted and reviewed at relevant intervals and to maintain records of the same.

5. To recommend control measures and advise on the standard of P.P.E issued to the employees.

6. Conduct health and safety inspections and prepare reports of all the company’s operations.

2. Site Safety Manager

Health and Safety Site Manager or Supervisor will be responsible for providing support to the project management team, supervisors, foremen

and workers. This position will provide leadership and coordination on the day-to-day safety requirements of the assigned project.

Detailed job scope of Site Safety Manager or Supervisor

1. Provide support to the project by maintaining a visible presence to the field performing site visits to the entire project at least once per shift, if possible coordinate with the project manager.

2. Assist in the coaching, mentoring and implementation of the HS&E programs in the field.

3. Regularly review and be familiar with all applicable legislation and applicable standards

4. Inform the project management team and supervision of any new or conflictive legislative matters that could impact the project.

5. Develop a Site Safety Management Plan (SMP) for the project to ensure a safe work environment for all company employees, contractors, visitors and community.

6. Regularly audit the SMP for compliance and update to ensure the alignment with project scope and conditions.

7. Organize and schedule required safety staff and first aid coverage.8. Provide direction, support and resource to all site managers,

supervisors, foremen and safety advisors.9. Participate and assist the supervisors, foreman and safety advisors

in the investigation of incidents to determine root cause, and corrective actions where necessary.

ConclusionIn conclusion, based on the data collected from the respondents,

we can conclude that:

The most casualty risks are hit by falling objects and falling from certain height

Working on unsafe scaffolding and unsafe electrical machine installation are

the accidents that are most likely to occur on site.

Almost all of the respondent company will implement safety brief to their

workers before the start of every project. (18 out of 20)

Most of the respondent companies have appointed a safety officer on the

construction site to supervise and inspect the safety precautions in order to

minimize the hazards. (15 out of 20)

Most of the respondent companies had invested in safety equipment to their

workers such as safety helmet and etc. (with the sum of the money between

the range of RM10,000 - RM20,000)

To sum up all the point above, we must emphasize more safety

precautions on falling objects and avoid workers falling from certain

height by provide a well-designed safety brief and using the correct

safety equipment. Other than that, erecting scaffold in the correct order

and by having frequent checking or maintenance for the machine or plant

before using them in order to minimize the occurrence of unwanted

accident, thus, to improve safety level on construction site.

Questionnaire

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