safety manual complete

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Los Angeles Police Department

Scientific Investigation Division

Safety Manual

Reviewed By: __________________________________ _______________ Safety Officer Date

__________________________________ _______________ Quality Assurance/Quality Control Manager Date

__________________________________ _______________ Chief Forensic Chemist I, Forensic Analysis Date

__________________________________ _______________ Chief Forensic Chemist II, Laboratory Director Date


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LAPD SID CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVISION DATE 10/20/03 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY GENERAL SAFETY

1.1 Safety Program Organization and Responsibilities

1.2 Routes of Hazardous Materials Exposure and Protective Measures

1.3 Protective Measures

1.4 Evidence Handling Procedures

1.5 Hazardous Waste

1.6 Chemical Hazards and Storage Precautions1.7 Labeling of Chemicals

1.8 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

1.9 Incompatible Chemicals

1.10 Spill Control

1.11 Instrumentation , Equipment and Firearms Hazards

1.12 Firearms

1.13 Vehicles

1.14 Miscellaneous Equipment

1.15 Laboratory Experiment Safety

1.16 Safety Training

1.17 Title 8 Training Requirements

1.18 Crime Scene and Field Call Safety

1.19 Clandestine Laboratories

1.20 Narcotics Destruction

1.21 Firearms Destruction

1.22 Emergency Procedures

1.23 First Aid Recommendations

1.24 Safety Inspections

1.25 Records and Recordkeeping


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1.26 Power Failure

2.0 BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN

2.1 Responsibility for the Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan

2.2 Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan

3.0 HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM

3.1 Criminalistics Laboratory Written Hazard Communication Plan

3.2 Criminalistics Laboratory Compliance Program

3.3 Criminalistics Laboratory Inventory Control Program

3.4 Labeling System

3.5 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

3.6 Employee Information and Training

4.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN

LABORATORIES (CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN)

4.1 History of the OSHA Laboratory Standard

4.2 Summary of OSHAs Health and Safety Standards; Occupational Exposure to

Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

4.3 Role of the Chemical Hygiene Plan

4.4 Chemical Hygiene Plan Coverage

4.5 Description of Criminalistics Laboratory

4.5.1 Description of Criminalistics Laboratory Activities

4.5.2 Map

4.6 Responsibilities for the Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

4.6.1 Personnel Responsible for Implementing the Chemical Hygiene Plan

4.6.2 Responsibilities of Each Employee


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4.7 Chemical Hygiene and Safety Plan

4.7.1 General Standard Operating Procedures4.7.2 Procedure-Specific Safety Procedures

4.7.3 Control Measures and Equipment

4.7.4 Special Procedures for Carcinogens

4.8 Criteria for Control Measures

4.8.1 Exposure Guidelines

4.8.2 Fire Guidelines

4.8.3 Reactivity Guidelines

4.8.4 Corrosivity and Contact Hazards

4.9 Exposure Evaluations and Medical Consultations

4.9.1 Suspected Exposures to Toxic Substances

4.9.2 Exposure Evaluations

4.9.3 Medical Consultation

4.10 Documentation

4.11 Notification

5.0 EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING

5.1 Information Requirements

5.2 Training Under 29 CFR 1910.1450

5.3 Evaluate the Training Programs Effectiveness

6.0 RECORD KEEPING

6.1 Records

6.2 Record Keeping

7.0 LIST AND LOCATIONS OF AVAILABLE SAFETY REFERENCES AND

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS


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8.0 LAPD INJURY AND ILLNESS PREVENTION PROGRAM

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Unit Forms and Records

APPENDIX B Safety Inspection Checklist

APPENDIX C Safety Inspection Training Guide

APPENDIX D Lab Organizational Chart

APPENDIX E Map of Criminalistics Laboratory


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LAPD SID CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL GENERAL SAFETY


1.0 CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY GENERAL SAFETY

The Criminalistics Laboratory Safety Manual provides general information and

guidelines regarding laboratory safety practices. This Safety Manual is designed to

comply with the recommended guidelines of the American Society of Crime Laboratory

Directors (ASCLD), Title 8 of The California Code of Regulations, Federal and State

legislation related to Bloodborne/Airborne Pathogens, Hazards Communication and

Laboratory Chemical Hygiene. This Manual is also in compliance with the Los Angeles

Police Department (LAPD) Manual, City rules, mandates and guidelines whereapplicable.

These safety guidelines shall be adhered to within the laboratory and while in the field

during crime scene investigations. Each laboratory employee is expected to be aware of

the necessity for following safety procedures in all phases of work and to utilize good

judgement along with common sense.

The goal of this endeavor is the implementation of and compliance with safety measures

that ultimately ensure the highest level of efficiency and professionalism within the

Criminalistics Laboratory, as well as reduction of the accident/injury rate.

1.1 SAFETY PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.1.1 The Laboratory Director is ultimately responsible for the overall

laboratory safety program. The Laboratory Director may delegate this

oversight to a safety officer.

1.1.1.1 The Laboratory Director has designated the Quality Assurance

Manager to be the Safety Officer. Working under the


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Laboratory Director, the Safety Officer will be responsible for

managing the safety program.1.1.2 Each Supervising Criminalist is responsible for reporting all health and

safety hazards to the Safety Officer and ensuring that all employees under

his/her supervision observe proper safety procedures.

1.1.3 Each employee is responsible for complying with the safety program,

taking all requisite safety precautions, and immediately notifying

supervisory personnel of any safety hazards and/or concerns.

Safety Committee

Quality Assurance Manager

Safety Officer

Non-supervisory

Laboratory Staff

Unit Supervisors

Chief Forensic Chemist I (2)

Assistant Laboratory Directors

Chief Forensic Chemist II

Laboratory Director


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1.1.4 Safety Committee1.1.4.1 The Safety Committee has been established to promote a safe

working environment throughout all Criminalistics Laboratory

facilities. The committee will be comprised of at least one

designee from each of the following sections/units:

Scientific Analysis Section (Piper Tech)

Forensic Science Section (Piper Tech)

Firearms Analysis Unit

Valley Unit

Questioned Documents Unit

Courier Unit (only if desired or necessary)

1.1.4.1.1 The Safety Committee will be chaired by the Safety

Officer.

1.1.4.1.2 The Safety Committee Chair will present inspection

reports and discuss safety issues with Officers-In-

Charge (Assistant Laboratory Directors) of the

Scientific Analysis and Forensic Science sections of

the laboratory. The Safety Committee will conduct

annual inspections of facilities and examine

laboratory procedures for each laboratory unit.

Quarterly facility inspection reports will be

generated by unit supervisors and reviewed by the

Safety Officer.

1.1.4.1.3 The primary responsibilities of the Safety


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Committee are to:

Conduct a regular program of safetyinspections.

Check for compliance with safety regulations.

Develop and conduct safety education activities.

Keep abreast of current safety information.

1.2 ROUTESOF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXPOSURE AND

PROTECTIVE MEASURES

1.2.1 Routes of chemical and biological contamination

1.2.1.1 Evidence specimens, e.g. physiological fluids and chemicals,

are potential hazards and must be handled appropriately to

protect the analyst and co-workers in the immediate vicinity

from contamination. The hazards of such samples will vary

according to the susceptibility of the individual, the route by

which the contamination is transmitted (e.g. respiratory,

alimentary, or absorptive), and the nature and concentration of

the contaminant. Chemical and biological contamination

occurs through either absorption, inhalation, inoculation,

vectors, ingestion or radiation.

1.2.1.1.1 Absorption - Breaks in the naturally contiguous

skin surface, especially on the hands, are portals of

entry for infectious agents. Penetration through the

intact surface of the skin is possible by some

infectious agents and chemicals, while others may

enter through the conjunctiva of the eye or other

mucous membranes as a result of contact with


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contaminated hands or direct contact by the source

of contamination/hazard. Direct physical contact byhandling wet or dry samples (chemical solutions or

physiological stains), as well as inadvertent

splashing of liquids, are common means of

acquiring a contaminant.

1.2.1.1.2 Inhalation - Contaminating agents that become

airborne pose a hazard if inhaled. Infectious agents

may become airborne through accidental spills,

dropped glassware, centrifuging, vortexing,

sonication, transfer pipetting, sample

homogenizing, flaking of dried stains, removal of

Vacutainer caps, and mechanical handling of

evidence items.

1.2.1.1.3 Direct Inoculation - Broken glassware, needles,

scalpels, forceps, biological probes, knives,

syringes and staples on evidence packages are

potential sources of inoculation through which

infectious agents are introduced into the

bloodstream. Some types of evidence, e.g., bloody

knives and glass fragments, are potential sources of

biological infection if not properly handled. The

collection of blood standards from laboratory

personnel is another potential source of infection.


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1.2.1.1.4 Vectors - Ticks, fleas, body lice, and other

ectoparasites sometimes found in evidence itemsare potential sources of infection.

1.2.1.1.5 Ingestion - Smoking, eating, or drinking after

handling evidence specimens may result in

ingestion of infectious agents or hazardous

chemicals. Actions such as mouth pipetting,

placing pens or pencils in one's mouth, fingernail

biting, or hand contact with mucous membranes

may also result in contamination.

1.2.1.1.6 Radiation - Energy from various instruments used

in the laboratory and in the field pose a special

danger to skin and eyes. LASERs, Alternate Light

Sources (ALS), ultra-violet (UV) lamps, etc. all

require the use of protective eyewear to guard

against radiation damage. Monitoring badges for

gamma and alpha radiation must be worn where the

possibility of exposure exists.

1.3 PROTECTIVE MEASURES

1.3.1 Protective measures against infectious agents which may be encountered

in the laboratory should primarily be directed against the main routes of

transmission and subsequently against secondary routes. These measures

must also be reinforced by general attention to laboratory cleanliness and

hygiene. Laboratory supervisors must carefully scrutinize and evaluate

the potential hazards that may exist within different laboratory procedures


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and delineate appropriate safety measures to ensure minimal exposure

events.

1.3.2 Chemical exposures related to reagent usage and evidence handling are

similar to modes of transmission for biological pathogens. Therefore,

most of the recommendations in the guidelines are applicable to both

chemical and biological risks. It may be necessary to utilize a

combination of protective measures to achieve a maximum level of

protection to minimize employee exposure.

1.3.2.1 The following recommendations are based on the premise that

avoiding contamination is directly proportional to adherence to

organization, good housekeeping, personal hygiene, utilization

of proper technique, and discipline.

1.3.2.1.1 Prudent Laboratory Operations

Laboratory coats and jumpsuits (field call

apparel) shall be removed prior to entering

conference rooms, offices, lunch rooms or any

carpeted area in order to keep these rooms free

of casework contaminants. All employees or

visitors should wear clean laboratory coats or

jumpsuits when working in the laboratory work

areas. This clothing, if not disposable, should

be laundered on site or commercially laundered.

Safety glasses, appropriate to protect against

injury, shall be worn wherever the potential for

eye injuries or the eye as a portal of entry exists.


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Eye protection against UV, IR and LASER

radiation will be worn wherever applicable. Gloves shall be worn when handling potentially

hazardous materials. The type of glove used

must be impervious to the hazardous material

being handled; glove manufacturer

specifications should be followed. Double

glove if circumstances indicate this is essential.

Personnel with breaks in their skin surface

should cover the affected area with a waterproof

bandage prior to utilizing gloves.

Avoid touching unprotected body areas with

hands or gloves. Hands should be washed

frequently. Hands shall be washed after

exposure to contamination and prior to leaving

the analytical work area.

Implements utilized to handle evidence

specimens shall be decontaminated after each

use.

Broken and chipped glassware shall only be

disposed of in a suitable "sharps" container.

No eating, drinking or smoking is permitted in

the laboratory work areas or where the hazard of

contamination exists.

No food will be stored in the analytical areas or

in an evidence storage refrigerator/freezer.

No oral pipetting of any substance will be

permitted.


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Procedures involving hazardous substances

(including flammables) shall be performed inhoods wherever practical. All chemical

spraying in the laboratory shall be done in a

fume hood. Disposable or Teflon coated

backdrop materials should be used in fume

hoods where chemical spraying occurs.

Radiation monitoring will be in effect at all

locations where radiological hazards exist.

Analytical, clerical, and evidence reception

areas subject to contamination must be kept

clean and shall be decontaminated regularly.

If feasible, at least one sink and work area

should be designated for biological cleanup and

shall be stocked with antibacterial soaps, bleach,

and any other appropriate decontaminating

agents.

Any physical evidence should be stored or

handled with consideration to the hazards they

represent.

All waste materials contaminated by potential

biohazards should be discarded into

BIOHAZARD WASTE receptacles. These

receptacles shall be replaced in their entirety a

minimum of every four days regardless of their

condition. Employees responsible for the

disposal of these receptacles shall wear safety

glasses, a particle filter mask, two pairs of


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gloves and a lab coat.

Spills will be immediately collected andabsorbed, then neutralized or sterilized as

applicable prior to disposal. A supervisor shall

be notified immediately of the spill and of

measures utilized to remedy the situation.

Any chemical which reacts with amino acids,

proteins, or enzymes of the human body should

be considered hazardous and shall be handled

with care, utilizing the appropriate personal

protective equipment (gloves, safety glasses,

particle filter mask, fume hoods, etc.).

Any employee who detects a possible hazard

should immediately report it to a supervisor for

appropriate action.

It is good laboratory safety practice to wipe off

residual material from the external surface of a

reagent container following its use.

1.4 EVIDENCE HANDLING PROCEDURES

1.4.1 Care should be taken during the collection, receipt and examination of

physiological specimens (liquids or stains) to prevent exposure of

proximal personnel to contamination. Therefore, potentially hazardous

samples shall be opened only in designated work areas.

1.4.2 Stained evidence specimens should be collected and submitted in

appropriate packaging and in secured containers (e.g. envelopes, paper

bags, etc.). Any damaged, leaking, or broken samples should immediately


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be turned over to the appropriate professional staff member for proper

handling. Contaminated containers should NEVER be re-used forpackaging or re-packaging evidence samples.

1.4.3 To avoid unnecessary or inappropriate handling of potentially infectious

evidence items, all courts that conduct trials utilizing this type of evidence

should be advised of all possible health hazards and be instructed in

proper handling procedures.

1.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL

1.5.1 Chemical or biological waste disposal, regulated by Federal law, is

administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in

conjunction with the Department of Water and Power (DWP) for the City

of Los Angeles. Laboratory waste materials which cannot legally be

flushed into the sewage system must be disposed of by a certified

hazardous waste hauler.

1.5.1.1 Chemical Hazardous Waste - It is the responsibility of the

Criminalistics Laboratory Hazardous Chemical Team to

coordinate the disposal of chemical hazardous waste. When a

unit within the Laboratory accumulates chemical hazardous

waste, it is the responsibility of that unit's Supervising

Criminalist to notify a member of the Hazardous Chemical

Team of the need for removal and disposal of the waste

material. The specific procedures that the Hazardous Chemical

Team follow are detailed in the Hazardous Chemical Team

Procedures Manual.


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1.5.1.2 Biohazardous Waste - The procedures to follow when handling

biohazardous waste are delineated in SID ORDER NO. 2,which was issued by the Commanding Officer of Scientific

Investigation Division in 1990. A copy of this ORDER is in

the Appendix. In 1991 Federal bloodborne pathogens

legislation was enacted (CFR 29 1910.1030). This legislation

also deals with biohazardous waste procedures.

1.6 CHEMICAL HAZARDS AND STORAGE PRECAUTIONS

1.6.1 Chemical Precautions - The Criminalistics Laboratory uses and stores

many different chemicals, some being categorized as biohazardous,

carcinogenic, corrosive, explosive, flammable or organic. This section of

the Safety Manual addresses the specific safety concerns related to the

storage, labeling, spill control, and exposure treatment for chemicals used

throughout the Laboratory.

1.6.1.1 Biohazards - Acute or chronic health hazards other than

carcinogens. (Examples are poisons, irritants, drugs, etc.). The

quantity of these chemicals stored should always be kept to a

minimum. When inside storage of biohazard chemicals is

necessary, the area should be well ventilated to the outside and

kept cool. Chemicals which react to form toxic by-products

must not be stored in the same area.

1.6.1.2 Carcinogens - mutagenic, teratogenic agents which misdirect

cellular growth. It is sometimes necessary to store and use

known and suspected carcinogens in the laboratory. Quantities

of known carcinogens should be kept to a minimum. If


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uncertainty should arise as to the proper method of storing or

handling a carcinogen, the Safety Officer for the City of LosAngeles should be consulted.

1.6.1.3 Corrosives - Caustic agents including acids, bases, and

oxidizing agents.

1.6.1.3.1 Mineral acids and bases should not be stored

together or in the proximity of other chemicals.

Corrosive liquids should be stored in an area which

is cool but maintained above the freezing point of

the chemical. This area should be well ventilated

and dry. Acids can react with many metals to form

hydrogen gas. Alkalis may react with aluminum on

contact to form hydrogen gas also. Since hydrogen

is capable of forming an explosive mixture with air,

the accumulation of hydrogen in storage areas must

be prevented.

1.6.1.3.2 The quantity of strong oxidizing agents stored in the

laboratory should always be kept to a minimum.

The proper storage area for strong oxidizing agents

should be cool, fire-resistant, and ventilated to the

outside. Strong oxidizing agents should not be

stored in the same area with any fuel such as

flammables, organic chemicals, dehydrating agents,


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or reducing agents.

1.6.1.4 Explosives - Solids, liquids, or vapors which will violently and

rapidly release energy. The quantity of explosives stored in the

laboratory should always be kept to a minimum. The

appropriate storage facility will depend upon the particular

chemical and the quantity stored. In general, the storage of

explosive chemicals should only be done in an isolated area

which is prominently identified as containing potentially

explosive materials.

1.6.1.5 Flammables - Substances which are easily ignited or oxidized

to produce flame or fire. The quantity of flammable materials

stored in the laboratory should always be kept to a minimum.

Working quantities may be kept at an individual workstation.

Flammables shall be stored in approved flammable storage

cabinets.

1.6.1.6 Radioactive Chemicals - Substances which contain unstable

atoms and, as a result, emit dangerous radiation. The use of

radioactive chemicals is regulated by the State of California,

Department of Health Services. The Criminalistics Laboratory

is currently licensed by the State to use one radioactive

material: Iodine-125, whic is used in radioimmunoassay kits.

This is the only radioactive material currently on the premises

of the Laboratory. Any additional procurements of radioactive


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materials must first be approved by the State, with subsequent

updating of the Laboratory Radioactive Material License. Thespecific State requirements regarding the handling and storage

of radioactive materials, as well as other requirements and

responsibilities, are detailed in the Laboratory Radioactive

Material License. This Radioactive Material License is in the

Appendix.

1.6.1.7 Compressed Gases - Non flammable materials which are

compressed to more than 40 pounds per square inch absolute at

70oF or more than 104 pounds per square inch absolute at

130oF. (Also, flammable materials which are compressed more

than 40 pounds per square inch at 100oF.) Compressed gases

are stored with the shipping caps on, and in an upright

condition, when not in use. The cylinders must be securely

clamped to a firm support and may only be used with a

reducing valve or preset pressure controller. Large gas

cylinders may only be transported by means of a wheeled cart

to which the cylinder is secured. The cylinders must be

marked as to their contents, and should never be heated or

stored near a heat source. Cylinder valves must not be

lubricated or modified in any way.

1.7 LABELING OF CHEMICALS

1.7.1 All chemicals within the laboratory must be clearly labeled as to the

chemical identity and bear the appropriate hazard warning. Each unit

supervisor is responsible for ensuring that his/her unit's chemical

containers are properly labeled.


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1.8 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDSs)1.8.1 MSDSs provide technical information relating to chemical, physical, and

hazard information for hazardous materials. MSDSs must be maintained

for all hazardous chemicals in the Laboratory. The first shipment of any

new hazardous chemical to the laboratory must be accompanied by a

MSDS. Copies of these MSDSs are available to all laboratory

employees. Binders containing MSDSs are located in the Criminalistics

Laboratory's library and at the Valley, Firearms Analysis and Questioned

Documents Units facilities.

1.9 INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS

1.9.1 Certain combinations of chemicals can be explosive, poisonous, or

hazardous in some way. The following is a list of incompatible chemicals

that shall be stored in a manner that prevents them from coming into

contact. The list is by no means complete, but does cover the more

common incompatible chemicals.

ALKALI METALS - such as potassium, sodium and calcium: DO NOT

CONTACT WITH - water, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, and other

chlorinated hydrocarbons.

ACETIC ACID -DO NOT CONTACT WITH - chromic acid, nitric acid,

hydroxyl containing compounds, ethylene glycol, perchloric acid,

peroxides and permanganates.

ACETONE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - concentrated sulfuric and

nitric acid mixtures.


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ACETYLENE- DO NOT CONTACT WITH - copper tubing, fluorine,bromine, chlorine, iodine, silver, mercury or their compounds.

AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS- DO NOT CONTACT WITH - mercury,

halogens, calcium hypochlorite or hydrogen fluoride.

AMMONIUM NITRATE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acids, metal

powders, flammable fluids, chlorates, nitrates, sulfur and finely divided

organics or other combustibles.

ANILINE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide

or other strong oxidizing agents.

BROMINE- DO NOT CONTACT WITH - ammonia, acetylene,

butadiene, butane, hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, or finely divided

metals.

CHLORATES - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - ammonium salts, acids,

metal powders, sulfur, carbon, finely divided organics or other

combustibles.

CHROMIC ACID- DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acetic acid,

naphthalene, camphor, alcohol, glycerine, turpentine and other flammable

liquids.

CHLORINE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - ammonia, acetylene,

butadiene, benzene and other petroleum fractions, hydrogen, sodium


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carbides, turpentine and finely divided powdered metals.

CYANIDES - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acids.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE- DO NOT CONTACT WITH - copper,

chromium, iron, most metals or their respective salts, flammable fluids

and other combustible materials, aniline and nitro-methane.

HYDROGEN SULFIDE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - nitric acid,

oxidizing gases.

HYDROCARBONS - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - fluorine, chlorine,

bromine, chromic acid or sodium peroxide.

IODINE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acetylene or ammonia.

MERCURY- DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acetylene, fulminic acid,

hydrogen.

NITRIC ACID - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acetic, chromic and

hydrocyanic acids, aniline, carbon, hydrogen sulfide, flammable fluids or

gases and substances which are readily nitrated.

OXYGEN -DO NOT CONTACT WITH - oils, grease, hydrogen,

flammable liquids, solids and gases.

OXALIC ACID - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - silver or mercury.


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PERCHLORIC ACID - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - acetic anhydride,

bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood and other organic materials.

PHOSPHOROUS PENTOXIDE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - water.

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH -

glycerine, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid.

SODIUM PEROXIDE - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - any oxidizable

substances, e.g., methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride,

benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerine, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate,

furfural, etc.

SULFURIC ACID - DO NOT CONTACT WITH - chlorates,

perchlorates, permanganates and water.

1.10 SPILL CONTROL

1.10.1 Chemical or biohazard spills pose one of the most significant threats to the

health and safety of the laboratory staff. Extreme caution should be taken

in any related clean-up procedure. The procedures outlined below are

recommended for large spills but should be considered for the remediation

of any spill.

1.10.1.1 Rubber gloves, self contained breathing apparatuses,

respirators, Tyvek suits and shoe covers, laboratory coats, or

disposable aprons are available as needed for use in the clean-

up of chemical spills.


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1.10.1.2 Highly specialized clean-up equipment is available through the

Hazardous Chemical Team and the Safety Office for the Cityof Los Angeles as needed.

1.10.1.3 In the event of any large spill, chemical or biological, a

supervisor must be notified as soon as possible. General

procedures are as follows:

ACID: Cover the contaminated surface with sodium

bicarbonate or a soda ash and slaked lime mixture (50-50).

Mix and add water if necessary to form a slurry. Scoop up the

slurry and wash down the drain with excess water. Wash the

spill site with soda-ash solution.

CAUSTIC ALKALI, AMMONIA: Solids should be swept

up, diluted and neutralized with 6M HCL in a large bucket,

then washed down the drain with excess water. Solutions

should be neutralized and mopped up or, if available, a water

vacuum may be used. Discharge the residues to the sewer with

excess water.

HYDROCARBONS, ALCOHOLS, & KETONES:

Eliminate all sources of ignition and flammables.

GASES: Keep concentration of gas below its explosive

mixture range by forced ventilation. Remove the tank to an

open area and allow dissipation to the atmosphere. Hearing

protection should be considered when rapidly discharging a


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tank. Attempt to cap the valve outlet and notify the

Storekeeper of the necessity to return theleaking/malfunctioning tank to the vendor.

LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS: If the size of the spill or the nature

of the chemical warrants concern regarding flushing into the

City sewage system, then the Hazardous Chemical Team must

be consulted for appropriate action or dispensation. In the

event that flushing is not appropriate and the spill does not

warrant intervention by the Hazardous Chemical Team then

consider this alternative: Absorb or sweep onto paper,

evaporate in the hood (if possible), then seal remaining residue

in a plastic bag or bucket and discard or release to the

Hazardous Chemical Team as appropriate.

1.10.2 Exposure Symptoms and Treatment

1.10.2.1 Individuals may react differently to chemical exposure. Acute

symptoms require emergency medical care. Chronic symptoms

may not be immediately obvious, but may linger for hours and

possibly days. Exposures to carcinogens or mutagens may not

be manifest for several years.

1.10.2.2 In the event of chemical contact, wash the area with cold waterfor 10-15 minutes.

1.10.2.3 If serious exposure occurs, the subject(s) may require

immediate medical care from a physician or emergency


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medical personnel.

1.10.2.4 Chemical exposures shall be reported immediately to the

appropriate supervisory personnel. The concerned employee

shall complete an Employee's Report, Form 15.7, and submit

this form to the notified supervisor.

1.10.2.4.1 The supervisor shall complete the Employer's

Report of Occupational Injury or Illness, Form

General 166, and follow procedures as delineated in

Los Angeles Police Department Manual 3/712.10,

Exposure to Hazardous Materials.

1.10.2.4.2 If the exposure/injury is non-serious, the supervisor

shall complete Non-Emergency Medical Order

Form, General 83, in addition to the Form General

166, and instruct the employee to deliver the Form

General 83 to the designated Workers'

Compensation doctor. (See LAPD Manual

3/711.20)

1.11 INSTRUMENTATION, EQUIPMENT AND FIREARMS HAZARDS

1.11.1 Equipment utilized by Criminalistics Laboratory personnel can present

safety hazards if not handled properly. The specific safety concerns

regarding the use of any tool or analytical instrument are addressed in the

operation manuals provided by the manufacturers. For equipment located

at Piper Technical Center, copies of these manuals are available near each

instrument. Manuals for equipment located at the satellite laboratory


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facilities - Questioned Documents Unit, Firearms Unit, and Valley SID -

are maintained by the unit supervisors at those facilities.

1.11.2 Listed below are equipment usage guidelines that are fundamental to

maintaining a safe laboratory work environment:

Personnel will only be allowed to use equipment after it has been

determined that the employee is familiar with the equipment, its

operation, safety features and inherent hazards by a supervisor or the

laboratory safety officer.

The supervisor or a designee will provide operational and safety

lessons to employees regarding the use of laboratory equipment within

his/her unit.

No alteration of manufacturer's safety features shall be allowed

without the expressed consent of the Laboratory Director.

Periodic safety inspections of all equipment shall be performed to

identify any real or potential hazards.

Safety interlocks or emergency shutdown procedures should be

established for every instrument where the potential for shock hazard

exists. This information should be delineated in the operation and

procedure manuals of the laboratory unit utilizing the equipment.

All electrical equipment must be grounded or double insulated.

All equipment maintenance must be performed by qualified personnel.

Compressed gas cylinders must be secured by chain or heavy duty

strap. In the Criminalistics Laboratory at Piper Technical Center, most

gas cylinders are stored in the stockroom (Room #29). At Valley SID,

gas cylinders are stored in Room 217.

All pressurized gas lines shall be labeled or colored-coded. Cylinders,


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tubing, valves, and regulators shall be routinely inspected for leaks, or

other hazardous conditions.

1.11.3 Glassware Usage

Do not use broken, chipped, starred, or badly scratched glassware.

Do not pick up broken glass with bare hands. Use gloves or sweep up

with broom and dustpan.

Fine glass particles may be picked up with wet paper towels.

Discard broken glass in designated containers.

Fire polish all tubing and rods.

Protect hands with gloves, towel, or tubing holder when inserting

tubing into stoppers. Lubricate the tubing with water or glycerine.

Keep hand on tubing close to the stopper and out of line with the end

of the tube.

Remove frozen stoppers by cutting away or with the aid of a cork

borer.

Protect glass vessels with asbestos centered wire gauze when heating

them over a burner.

Handle hot beakers with tongs of the proper size and type.

Use steam, heating tape, IR lamp or heating mantle when heating a

flammable solvent.

Do not attempt to catch falling glassware.

1.11.4 Vacuum Distillation Apparatus Usage

Do not use cracked, starred, badly scratched, or creased flasks - they

implode readily.

Use only round bottom flasks. (Maximum size: 5 liters).


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Use protective shatterproof shield.

Use stirrer, boiling chips or capillary tube with inert gas flowingthrough it to prevent bumping.

Use steam or heating mantles to heat flasks.

Relieve vacuum slowly, avoiding sudden pressure change which could

cause breakage or splattering of contents.

Do not relieve vacuum until flask has cooled.

1.11.5 Ambient Pressure Distillation Apparatus Usage Secure glass joints with wire or clamps to prevent vapor leakage.

Make sure system is vented and watch for plugging in the condenser.

Use boiling chips or stirring to prevent bumping.

Use heating mantle where possible.

Avoid overheating still bottoms at end of distillation.

Do not distill ethers until peroxides have been removed.

1.11.6 Vacuum Equipment Usage

Apply vacuum only to glassware designed to handle reduced

pressures, e.g., desiccators and filter flasks.

Be sure filter crucible cannot slip through holders.

Shield dessicators that are under vacuum in metal desiccator guards.

Do not subject glassware under vacuum to mechanical shock.

Use protective shatterproof shields.

Always wrap glass Dewar flasks with tape before use.

Do not stopper glass flasks containing hot, condensable vapors.

Check condition of mechanical vacuum pumps (oil level, etc.) before

using.


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Relieve vacuum in all parts of system before opening apparatus.

1.11.7 Pressurized Equipment Usage

Except for pressure transfer from carboys or other large containers, do

not apply pressure to glassware. When transferring liquids by

pressure, use a pressure reducing regulator valve. Never use direct

line pressure. Do not use more than 4.5 psig pressure on glass

carboys.

Before attempting to use equipment designed for high pressure (parr

bombs, autoclaves, etc.) check with a supervisor for precise operating

instructions. Be sure the rupture discs or pressure relief valves are in

good condition before using.

Provide adequate shielding to protect personnel.

Set up equipment in a hood if reaction products are in any way toxic.

Vent pressure in all parts of the system before opening apparatus.

1.11.8 Electrical Equipment Usage

Do not use electrical equipment if power cords are frayed or control

switch and thermostats are not in good working order.

Keep all equipment and hands dry while handling.

Only qualified personnel should attempt to make repairs on electrical

equipment.

Use grounded outlets only.

Outputs from variable transformers (powerstat, Variac, etc.) are

usually not grounded even though the input line must be. Equipment

regulated by a variable transformer should be grounded separately.

Do not use electrical equipment such as mixers or hotplates around


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flammable solvents.

Before adjusting or servicing large electrical equipment, lock the mainpower switch in the "off" position.

Special electrical equipment such as the X-ray and spectrographic

power sources and RF generators should be operated only by trained

personnel.

In case of fire on or near any electrical equipment, use only carbon

dioxide or dry powder fire extinguishers.

1.11.9 Specialized Instruments and Equipment Usage

Specialized instruments and equipment (e.g., spectrometers,

electrophoresis units, x-ray fluorescence instruments, chromatographs,

alternate light sources and lasers) must be operated within the guidelines

set forth in the manufacturer operation manuals as well as the procedure

manuals established by each laboratory unit. For a listing of the

equipment utilized by each laboratory unit, the appropriate unit manual

should be consulted.

1.12 FIREARMS

1.12.1 General Safety Procedures

All firearms handled within the laboratory or being submitted for

examination shall be given a preliminary safety inspection to insure

that the weapon is unloaded and in a safe condition.

Firearms in the laboratory shall not be in a loaded condition, except in

designated test-firing areas.

No firearm will be pointed at another person under any circumstances.

Any problems or doubts concerning the safety of a particular firearm


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should be brought to the attention of another experienced firearms

examiner and the Firearms Unit supervisor. If doubt exists as to thesafety of direct firing, a remote firing device should be employed.

All personnel who conduct test-firings should be thoroughly proficient

in the proper handling of firearms.

Any unusual occurrence must be reported immediately to the

appropriate supervising personnel.

1.12.2 Test-Firing Safety

All test-firing should be conducted in the presence of another person

acting as an observer.

All personnel in a test-firing area should wear suitable safety glasses

and hearing protection.

When test-firing is conducted indoors, there should be appropriate

warning signs posted to notify others that test-firing is in progress.

Verbally announce the commencement of firing and/or clear the areas

where firing is to begin.

Check the bore of the firearm for obstruction prior to loading and test-

firing.

The firearm shall only be loaded in the test-firing area.

1.13 VEHICLES

1.13.1 It is recommended that each employee check the following items before

driving any department vehicle:

Steering, gasoline, horn, windshield wipers, brakes, mirrors, lighting

(headlamps, turn indicators, hazard lights, etc), tire pressure and tread

condition, and seat belts.


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If any of these items are found to be unsuitable and/or unsafe then theemployee has the responsibility to notify a supervisor and/or Motor

Transport Division of this condition. (Note: Employees should also

inspect the vehicle for any recent body damage and report those

findings to the vehicle fleet supervisor for appropriate action.)

1.13.2 Vehicles assigned to Scientific Investigation Division shall contain:

Road flares, First Aid Kit and Personal Protective Equipment Kit.

Specialized field investigation response vehicles will have additional

safety equipment as required for their respective operation.

1.14 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

1.14.1 The mechanical hazards of all equipment should be considered before an

employee is allowed access and use of that equipment. Employees must

be familiar with safe operating procedures. Manufacturer operation

manuals contain the specific safety information for a particular piece of

equipment. Certain equipment items warrant the following

considerations:

Microscopes should be periodically inspected to ensure that light

levels which could be damaging to vision are not used.

Radiation from LASERs, Alternate Light Sources, UV lamps,

photofloods, etc. should never be viewed directly. Eye protection

should be worn when working with certain light wavelengths, and

caution must be exercised when viewing any object capable of

specular reflection.

Copy equipment should be used in well ventilated work areas to


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remove noxious vapors.

Thermally insulated light bulb sockets are to be used where floodlightsare employed.

1.15 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT SAFETY

1.15.1 Laboratory experiments, in particular chemical reactions and syntheses,

require special attention to safety precautions. Any experiment conducted

in the laboratory should first have a well-defined plan of action.

Following are a list of precautions that should be included in any

laboratory experiment plan:

Obtain supervisory approval prior to conducting any laboratory

experiment.

Follow recognized safety procedures concerning protective equipment,

hazardous chemicals, and lab equipment usage and operation.

Consider all possible reactants, intermediates, and products in terms of

flammability, toxicity, and reactivity hazards.

Consider all possible reactions including side reactions before

beginning any chemical synthesis.

In an unknown chemical reaction, always start with small quantities of

material and carefully observe reaction characteristics, such as

temperature, color, viscosity, and physical state.

Provide adequate cooling, ventilation, pressure relief, and gas purging.

Do not leave an are where a hazardous chemical reaction occurred

unattended.

For each chemical reactant, intermediate or product, consider the

following:

1. 1. Flash point, flammability range, auto-ignition point, vapor pressure


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and vapor density.

2. Stability - does the material decompose? If so how rapidly and to whatproducts? When storing the material how does heat, light, water,

metals, etc. affect it?

3. Is the material impact-sensitive?

4. Is the material toxic? If so, what type of hazard - inhalation, ingestion,

skin contact? What chemical protective measures are required?

5. What is the recommended first-aid treatment in case of an accidental

exposure?

For the reaction itself, consider:

1. How violent will it be?

2. What is the effect of catalysts or inhibitors?

3. Will water or air effect the reaction?

What would happen and what should be done if:

1. Electric power fails?

2. Cooling system fails?

3. Pressure gets out of hand?

4. Water leaks into system?

5. Air leaks into system?

6. Reaction container falls and contents spill?

Keep in mind that certain combinations of chemicals are incompatible

and potentially extremely hazardous.

1.16 SAFETY TRAINING

1.16.1 It is inherent that work that is performed properly in the Criminalistics

Laboratory is work that is performed safely. The daily activities of

laboratory employees involves working with materials and equipment that

pose safety hazards. Each unit supervisor is responsible for assuring that


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any work conducted in his or her unit is done safely. When a laboratory

employee transfers into a new unit, the supervisor must ensure that theemployee is properly trained and understands all the safety precautions for

any given procedure. Each unit manual describes the specific procedures

that all employees must follow while working in the laboratory. When

new equipment is acquired or a new test procedure is implemented in a

laboratory unit, it is the supervisors responsibility to ensure that their

personnel who use the new equipment or perform the new procedure are

properly trained and aware of any safety hazards.

1.16.2 The Quality Assurance Manager is responsible for coordinating ongoing

safety training on safety matters that are of general concern to the

Criminalistics Laboratory staff. The QA Manager is also responsible for

the orientation of new laboratory employees. A part of the new employee

orientation is training regarding the Laboratory Safety Program.

Federal OSHA training requirements regarding bloodborne pathogens,

hazards communication and laboratory chemical hygiene are presented in

2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively, of this manual.

1.17 TITLE 8 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

1.17.1 Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations delineates several specific

safety training requirements that must be included the Laboratory Safety

Program. These include:

A system for ensuring that employees comply with safe and healthy

work practices. Part of the compliance with this provision will include

training and retraining programs.

A system for communicating with employees in a form readily


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understandable by all affected employees on matters relating to

occupational safety and health. Part of the compliance with thisprovision will include a training program.

Training and instruction shall be provided:

1. When the program is first established.

2. To all new employees.

3. To all employees given new job assignments for which training

has not previously been received.

4. Whenever new substances, processes, procedures or equipment

are introduced to the workplace and represent a new hazard.

5. Whenever the employer is made aware of a new or previously

unrecognized hazard.

6. For supervisors to familiarize themselves with the safety and

health hazards to which employees under their immediate

direction and control may be exposed.

1.18 CRIME SCENE AND FIELD CALL SAFETY

1.18.1 The crime scene is a source of contamination from a variety of potentially

infectious materials, such as dead bodies, blood, and other body fluids. In

addition, the facilities for adequate clean-up, washing and

decontamination are often severely limited , and thisincreases the

likelihood of infection. It should be understood that viruses, such as

hepatitis, HIV, etc. are to be regarded as potentially infectious, regardless

of their physical state (i.e. liquid or dried). Carriers of infectious agents

appear not only in blood and semen, but also in feces and saliva.

1.18.2 The basic guidelines for crime scene processing, autopsies, and post-

mortem examinations are as follows:


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1.21 FIREARMS DESTRUCTION

1.21.1 Firearms destruction is the responsibility of Property Division withnotification to the Commanding Officer of the Scientific Investigation

Division. See LAPD Manual 4/552.10.

1.22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

1.22.1 Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations delineates the requirements

for employer Emergency Action and Fire Prevention Plans. A copy of the

legislative requirements can be found in the Appendix. See Title 8,

Subchapter 7, Sections 3220 and 3221. The Criminalistics Laboratory

Emergency Procedures Plan was designed to comply with the elements of

this legislation. A copy of this Emergency Procedures Plan is located in

the Appendix.

1.23 FIRST AID RECOMMENDATIONS

1.23.1 First aid should be administered by qualified personnel only.

1.23.2 The victim should be made as comfortable as possible, and notification

should be made to someone in the work area who is trained in first aid

procedures. If qualified help is unavailable or delayed, and the injury

warrants immediate medical attention, paramedics should be summoned.

1.23.3 Minor first aid treatment for small cuts, burns, eye irritation, etc. may be

self-administered or administered with the help of a co-worker. On the

following page are some First-Aid DOs and DON'Ts to follow when

administering first aid.


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1.24.2 The content of a safety inspection - the hazards that are checked for and

the equipment and facilities to be inspected - are detailed in the SafetyChecklist. A sample checklist is in the Appendix. These checklists are

used as a guide and are completed as the safety inspections are performed.

The completed checklists are reviewed by the Quality Assurance

Manager, who then highlights deficiencies and forwards the checklists to

the section OIC (CFC I) for review and corrective action.

1.24.3 The Laboratory Safety Inspection Program complies with the elements of

the California Code of Regulations Title 8, Subchapter 7, Section 3203,

which details the elements of employer safety inspections. A copy of this

legislation can be found in the Appendix.

1.25 RECORDS AND RECORDKEEPING

1.25.1 In compliance with Title 8 Section 3203 of the California Code of

Regulations these Safety Inspection Checklists are maintained by the

Quality Assurance Manager for three years.

1.25.2 All records of employee safety training are maintained by the Quality

Assurance Manager. As called for in Title 8 Section 3203 of the

California Code of Regulations, these training records will record the

name of each employee in attendance, type of training, training date, and

name of trainer. The records will be maintained for three years.

1.25.3 In compliance with Title 8 Section 3203 of the California Code of

Regulations, all written records generated by the Safety Committee will be

maintained for three years by the Quality Assurance Manager.


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LAPD SID CRIMINALISTICS LAB SAFETY MANUAL B. P. EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN



One of the major goals of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is

to regulate facilities where work is carried out...to promote safe work practices in an

effort to minimize the incidence of illness and injury experienced by employees.

Relative to this goal, OSHA has enacted the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, codified as

29 CFR 1910.1030. The purpose of the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is to "reduce

occupational exposure to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus

(HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens" that employees may encounter in theirworkplace.

The Criminalistics Laboratory believes that there are a number of good laboratory

practices that should be followed when working with bloodborne pathogens. These

include that:

It is prudent to minimize all exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens should never be underestimated, therefore,

Universal Precautionsshall be followed when working with body fluids.

The Criminalistics Laboratory shall institute as many work practice and engineering

controls as possible to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne

pathogens.

This Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan has been implemented to meet the

letter and intent of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. The objective of this plan

is twofold:

To protect our employees from the health hazards associated with bloodborne

pathogens.


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2.1 RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSEXPOSURECONTROL PLAN

2.1.1 Personnel Responsible for Implementing the Bloodborne Pathogens

Exposure Control Plan

2.1.1.1 Quality Assurance Manager/Laboratory Safety Officer under

the direction of the Laboratory Director:

Develops and updates the Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure

Control Plan and appropriate policies and practices.

Oversees compliance with the Bloodborne Pathogens

Exposure Control Plan.

Maintains and updates a list of job classifications that entail

occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens (exposure

determination).

Coordinates Hepatitis B vaccinations for all employees

who have occupational exposure.

Conducts the Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan

training program.

Maintains training records for the Bloodborne Pathogens

Exposure Control Plan.

2.1.1.2 Unit Supervisors:

Ensure implementation of engineering and work practice

controls to minimize employee exposure within their unit.

Ensure that contaminated needles/sharps are properly

handled and disposed of, and packaged/repackaged.


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proper procedures when working with materials that pose a

bloodborne pathogen hazard.

2.1.1.5.1 These procedures include:

Washing hands immediately after handling

blood or other infectious materials.

Flushing mucous membranes with water

immediately if contact with blood or other

infectious materials occurs.

Proper handling and storage of contaminated

needles and sharps, and other hazardous items.

Proper handling and storage of blood and other

contaminated evidence.

Wearing appropriate personal protective

equipment when working with blood or

infectious materials.

Launder or dispose of personal protective

equipment when contaminated.

Follow appropriate housekeeping procedures.

Report all exposure incidents to their supervisor

immediately.


2.2.1 General Standard Operating Procedures

General standard operating procedures are safety precautions which

should be familiar to all employees whose duties have actual or potential

occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. These procedures are


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designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne

pathogens.

2.2.1.1 Criminalistics Laboratory occupations determined to involve

occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens are:

Criminalist

Laboratory Technician

Student Professional Worker

Supervising Criminalist

Chief Forensic Chemist

Evidence Courier

Architectural Drafting Technician

Composite Artist

Storekeeper

Photographer

Police Officer

Detective

Sergeant

Firearms Examiner

Police Administrator

2.2.1.2 General Rules - Universal Precautions shall be practiced to

prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious

materials. Universal Precautions entail treating all human

blood and certain human body fluids as if known to be infected

with HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.


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All employees having occupational exposure shall be madeaware of:

Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

Following proper personal hygiene procedures.

Proper handling and storage of contaminated materials.

Use of properly labeled containers.

Performance of procedures so as to minimize splashing,

spraying, spattering, and generation of droplets of blood orother potentially infectious materials.

Appropriate clean-up procedures.

2.2.1.3 Engineering and work practice controls are those controls that

reduce the likelihood of exposure to blood or infectious

materials by altering the manner in which a task is performed.

These controls include:

Immediate washing of hands upon removal of gloves or

other personal protective equipment.

Immediate washing of hands and skin with soap and water

upon contact with blood or potentially infectious materials.

Immediate flushing of mucous membranes with water upon

contact with blood or potentially infectious materials.

Waste materials which may be contaminated with blood or

infectious materials shall be placed in red bags labeled for

biohazardous waste. These bags are located in designated

areas of the Criminalistics Laboratory as indicated in SID

Order No. 2 Dec, 1990 (See Appendix).


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Material which must be placed in biohazardous waste bags

includes disposable labware, gloves, and lab bench paper. Infectious sharps shall be placed into benchtop cardboard

containers specifically designed to hold, and labeled for

biohazard sharp object disposal. These benchtop cardboard

containers shall be sealed and disposed of on a regular

basis.

Recap needles by utilizing a mechanical device or a one-

handed technique. The need to perform this operation shall

be minimal.

Biohazardous waste bags will be disposed of on a regular

basis. When ready for disposal they will be knotted and

placed into a second biohazardous waste bag, which, too,

will be knotted.

The supervisor of each laboratory unit designated to have

biohazardous waste bags and benchtop cardboard

biohazardous waste containers will ensure that these

receptacle are changed twice weekly. The storage bins for

these items are located at the Piper Technical Center

Laboratory and Valley Headquarters Building.

Eating, smoking, drinking, applying cosmetics or lip balm,

and handling contact lenses are prohibited in work areas

where exposure to blood or infectious materials occurs.

Food and/or drink shall not be kept in refrigerator, freezer,

shelves, cabinets, drawers, countertops or benchtops where

blood or other potentially infectious materials are present.


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be done on a weekly basis utilizing appropriate procedures.

2.2.2.2 Other Criminalistics Laboratory Units may on an infrequent

basis have the need to examine evidence that is potentially

contaminated with blood or other infectious materials. For

those infrequent occasions, the surfaces and equipment that

come into contact with contaminated evidence shall be

decontaminated immediately or as soon as feasible after the

examination is complete. The surfaces and equipment will be

washed with dilute bleach solution or appropriate disinfectant.

2.2.2.3 Any Criminalistics Laboratory Facility surface or equipment

that becomes contaminated due to a spill or other accidental

means will be decontaminated with dilute bleach solution or

appropriate disinfectant immediately or as soon as feasible.

2.2.2.4 Whenever a protective bench covering (such as butcher paper

or plastic-backed paper) is used to separate an item of

biologically stained evidence from a workbench, the paper

shall be placed in a biohazard disposal receptacle immediately

after the examination of the evidence item has been completed.

Protective benchcoverings (such as butcher paper or plastic-

backed paper) simply used for a blotter shall be placed in a

biohazard disposal receptacle immediately after it has become

soiled.

2.2.2.5 All receptacles intended for reuse, e.g., biohazardous waste bag

frames and sharps disposal pouch frames shall be inspected and


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waste bag.

Large Biohazardous Waste Bag - held in a rigid frame with hingedlid.

When ready for disposal these containers must be sealed. They must be

replaced at least twice per work week. Appropriate personal protective

clothing shall be worn by Criminalistics Laboratory employees when

disposing of biohazard waste receptacles.

2.2.4 Hepatitis B Vaccinations and Post Exposure Evaluation and Follow Up.

All Criminalistics Laboratory employees whose jobs are classified by

OHSD as having occupational exposure are entitled to have hepatitis B

vaccinations provided by the City of Los Angeles. These are available to

employees at no cost, while on duty and are administered by the City of

Los Angeles Occupational Health and Safety Division.

2.2.4.1 The Criminalistics Laboratory Training Coordinator is

responsible for coordinating hepatitis B vaccinations. All

employees with occupational exposure will receive hepatitis B

training, and will have the option of being vaccinated within

ten working days of initial assignment. Employees do not have

to undergo prescreening for prior exposure to hepatitis B in

order to receive the vaccination.

If an employee initially declines the hepatitis B vaccination but

at a later time, while still covered under the standard decides to

receive the vaccination, the employee shall receive it at no

cost. An employee who declines to be vaccinated for hepatitis


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B after receiving training will fill out a Hepatitis Vaccine

Informed Refusal form (See Appendix).

2.2.4.2 Any Criminalistics Laboratory employee who experiences an

occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious

materials will be provided prompt evaluation and treatment for

hepatitis B virus and HIV. This will include prophylactic

medication, counseling the employee on the risk and test

results related to the exposure, providing supportive counseling

to deal with the psycho-social effects of the exposure, and

adherence to laws and regulations relating to confidentiality of

medical information. Evaluation and treatment for an exposed

employee will be considered to be and handled as an Injury-

On-Duty condition.

2.2.4.3 The responsibilities and procedures to follow in case of

employee exposure are documented in the City of Los Angeles

Policies and Procedure Manual, Occupational Exposure to

Blood and Body Fluid (See appendix). They are summarized

below:


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Instead of HIV exposure, write: "Bloodsplashed on open cut".

2.2.4.3.3 Employee Route of Entry into Blood and Fluid

Exposure (BBFE) Protocol:

First treatment of the employee may occur at the

OHSD Central Clinic Body Station I, at a Jail

Dispensaryor at a hospital.

OHSD - Once exposure status is determined

(Body Fluids Exposure Injury Description

Report), employee is evaluated, treated and

monitored through the BBFE Protocol Case

Management by Station I personnel. Employee

must come into OHSD Central Clinic at 6th and

Loma for completion of required documents,

informed consents, counseling and any

necessary referrals, obtain blood specimens,

arrange for Source Consent and sign a request

for Source test results.

Jail Dispensary - Once exposure is determined

(Body Fluids Exposure Injury Description

Report), employee will receive immediate

treatment, education and counseling, arrange for

Source Consent and be referred to OHSD

Central Clinic at 6th and Loma for completion

of the process of entry into the BBFE protocol.

At OHSD the BBFE protocol process will be


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Appropriate methods for recognizing tasks and other

activities that may involve exposure to blood and otherpotentially infectious materials.

A review of the use and limitations of methods that will

prevent or reduce exposure, including:

Engineering controls.

Work practice controls.

Personal protective equipment.

Selection and use of personal protective equipmentincluding:

Types available.

Proper use.

Location within the facility.

Removal and handling.

Decontamination and disposal.

Visual warnings of biohazards within the Criminalistics

Laboratory including labels, signs and "color-coded"

containers.

Information on the Hepatitis B Vaccine, including:

Efficacy and safety of the vaccine.

Method of administration.

Benefits of vaccination.

The City of Los Angeles' free vaccination program.

Actions to take and persons to contact in an

emergency involving blood or other potentially

infectious materials.


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The procedures to follow if an exposure incident

occurs, including incident reporting. Information on the post-exposure evaluation and

follow-up, including medical consultation, that the City

of Los Angeles will provide.

2.2.7 Recordkeeping

2.2.7.1 All employee records relating to employee exposure to

bloodborne pathogens, hepatitis B vaccinations, results of

examinations and medical testing are maintained by the City of

Los Angeles Occupational Health and Safety Division,

Medical Liaison Section in compliance with 29 CFR

1910.1030 (see appendix).

2.2.7.2 To facilitate the training of our employees, as well as to

document the training process, the Quality Assurance Manager

maintains training records containing the following

information:

Dates of all training sessions.

Contents/summary of the training sessions.

Name of the instructor.

Name and serial number of employees attending the

training sessions.

These training records are available for examination and

copying to our employees and their representatives, as well as

OSHA and its representatives.


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LAPD SID CRIMINALISTICS LAB SAFETY MANUAL HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM


Worker Community

State Right-to-know Right-to-knowMARYLAND X X

MASSACHUSETTS X X

MICHIGAN X

MINNESOTA X

MISSISSIPPI

MISSOURI X

MONTANA X X

NEBRASKA

NEVADA

NEW HAMPSHIRE X X

NEW JERSEY X X

NEW MEXICO

NEW YORK* X

NORTH CAROLINA X X

NORTH DAKOTA X X

OHIO

OKLAHOMA

OREGON X X

PENNSYLVANIA X X

RHODE ISLAND X X

SOUTH CAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA

TENNESSEE X X

TEXAS X X


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3.2 CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY COMPLIANCE PROGRAMThe following briefly highlights the policies and regulatory compliance program

of the CL concerning hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

3.2.1 Written Program

This management manual represents the Written Program required by

OSHA. This manual outlines the CL practices, policies and procedures.

3.2.2 Labeling

The CL will use and preserve the labels already on containers when

purchased as provided by the chemical manufacturers or suppliers.

Whenever any materials are transferred to other containers for later use,

the new container will be labeled immediately with the chemical name (or

product name) as it appears on the manufacturers label. The new

container label will also include the appropriate hazard warning.

3.2.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

The Storekeeper is responsible for obtaining and maintaining MSDS on all

chemical substances in the facility. No delivery of chemicals will be

accepted unless a MSDS is already on-file or is provided with the

shipment. Our MSDS files are maintained to provide easy access. The

files are located in Room 18, Piper Technical Center (PTC).

3.2.4 Employee Information and Training

All employees will be trained on general chemical hazards relevant to

materials used in the CL Retraining will occur as needed, when new

employees start employment, or an employee is transferred to a position


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which involves chemicals of differing hazards than that employee is used

to handling. All employees will be informed about special hazards beforecommencing unusual work activities.

3.2.5 Trade Secrets

While respecting a company's legal right to protect secret formulations,

MSDS's which omit health hazard information because of trade secrets

will not satisfy the CL's requirements. If the supplier will not provide

necessary health and hazard information (which is not part of the

formula), then an alternate chemical supply will be sought.

3.2.6 Receipt and Distribution of Chemicals

The Storekeeper is responsible for receiving, storing, and (when

necessary) distributing chemicals in the laboratory. Delivery of chemicals

will be made only to those persons designated to purchase chemicals. It is

the responsibility of those individuals to edit, revise, and update the

chemical inventory for their respective unit(s).

3.2.6.1 The Laboratory Director, Assistant Laboratory Directors,

Supervising Criminalists and Storekeeper are the ONLY

employees authorized to make chemical purchases.

3.2.7 General Information About Chemicals

3.2.7.1 Chemical Inventory

An inventory of CL chemical stock, uses and projected needs

will be kept current. The appropriate hazardous ingredients

and chemical hazard property information are needed to


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complete the Chemical Inventory.

3.2.7.2 Health and Safety Information

In the CL, we use chemicals with flammable, corrosive, toxic,

reactive, oxidizer, or radioactive properties. To ensure the

continued safe use of these chemicals, the CL has mandated the

following safety precautions:

3.2.7.2.1 Flammable Chemicals

All flammable chemicals will be stored and used

away from ignition sources such as open flames,

cigarettes, and sparking tools. All vessels

containing flammable chemicals will be grounded

in accordance with OSHA and National Fire

Protection Association (NFPA) regulations and

codes. Appropriate fire extinguishing materials will

be kept available for fire emergencies.

3.2.7.2.2 Corrosive Chemicals

All corrosive chemicals will be managed to prevent

spills. Personnel using corrosive materials will be

protected with rubber gloves, goggles, and other

protective equipment. No bottles of corrosive

chemicals will be moved except when protected in a

suitable safety carrying device.

3.2.7.2.3 Toxic Chemicals


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All toxic chemicals will be managed according to

OSHA's guidelines, such as the PermissibleExposure Limit (PEL) or the Threshold Limit Valve

(TLV) airborne guidelines. Workers will be

trained on the proper chemical handling methods

and the appropriate personal protective equipment.

3.2.7.2.4 Reactive Hazards

Chemicals which are incompatible with other

chemicals or substances will be segregated to avoid

accidental incompatible chemical reactions. No

mixing of chemicals is allowed except under

management supervision. No employees, except

professional staff members (PSM - professional

staff is any employee represented by the Engineers

and Architects Association Professional,

Engineering and Scientific Unit, MOU #8, or the

Supervisory Professional, Engineering and

Scientific Unit, MOU #17), will mix any chemicals

unless a PSM has specified which chemicals to mix,

the order of mixing, and the amount.

No PSM will order chemical mixing to take place

without first double checking the containers labels

to confirm that it is the proper chemical to use, and

without double checking the MSDS to note special

mixing hazards.


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gasses could lead to asphyxiation. Cylinders will

be secured to walls or benches whenever stationary,and will not be moved without a valve protector in

place.

3.3 CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY INVENTORY CONTROL

PROGRAM

The CL has an inventory control program to limit or eliminate unnecessary

chemical stock. The primary tools of the inventory control program are

purchasing controls and the chemical inventory.

3.3.1 Purchasing Policies

Purchases of chemical stock will be restricted to prescribed limits based

on: (1) The maximum amount which can be safely stored; (2) The

minimum amount necessary for uninterrupted operation of the laboratory;

and (3) The projected production schedule for any particular time period.

Purchasing authority will be limited to a few designated responsible

personnel. These individuals will be responsible for ensuring that all old

chemical stock is used before starting to use the newly purchased stock.

See 3.2.6.1 for personnel authorized to purchase chemicals.


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3.3.2 Periodic InventoriesAll chemical containers shall be marked with their received date so older

chemicals can be used before newer stock. During the chemical inventory

which must occur at least annually, any expired chemicals shall be noted

of. The responsible purchaser for that material will have to justify why

expired chemicals are maintained there and not used or disposed of

appropriately. Analytical standards will be inspected, however, they are

exempt from justification. Any expired chemicals shall be disposed of

appropriately.

3.3.3 Other Inventory Methods

Each Unit Supervising Criminalist will be responsible for maintaining the

Chemical Inventory database for his/her unit. This responsibility is to

include editing, revising and updating the chemical inventory for his/her

respective unit(s).

3.3.4 New Procedures

Before installation of a new procedure, the requesting PSM will be asked

to review the chemical types to be used. Justification will be requested for

use of any unusually hazardous chemicals. The PSM will also be asked if

any alternate, and less hazardous chemicals could be substituted or if an

alternate process using less hazardous chemicals could be substituted.

3.4 LABELING SYSTEM

The labeling system of the CL will rely mostly on labels provided by the chemical

manufacturer.


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3.4.1 Labeling Requirements

The CLs requirements for labels under OSHA is to include: (1) Thechemical identity and (2) The appropriate hazard warning. The chemical

manufacturer and supplier must also provide that information on all

delivered drums, jars and bottles; therefore, it is the CL policy to preserve

and maintain those labels whenever possible.

3.4.2 In-House Labels

Some shipments of chemicals may arrive in bulk form and later be

transferred to smaller containers. Those smaller containers must also be

labeled as required above. CL personnel who transfer the material

between containers will immediately label the smaller container with the

appropriate (1) chemical identity and (2) the hazard warning.

3.4.3 J.T. Baker Chemical Company Hazard Labels

A majority of our chemicals are supplied by the J.T. Baker Chemical

Company. Their hazard warning labeling system is designed for

simplified explanation and training. The attached SAF-T-DATA Labeling

Guide explains the labeling system and is used as a training aid.

3.5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS, see attached) are required with each first

shipment of a hazardous chemical from any supplier to the CL.

3.5.1 Hazard Determination

The manufacturer or importer of a chemical must determine if the

chemical product is haza