safety in design (sid) guidelines v1 0

7/25/2019 Safety in Design (SiD) Guidelines V1 0

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REF-FM-030

SafetyinDesignPrinciples

September2013

TABLEOFCONTENTS

FacilitiesManagementUnit


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SafetyinDesignPrinciples September2013 Version1.0 Page|1


Hardcopiesofthisdocumentareconsidereduncontrolled.PleaserefertotheFMUwebsiteforthelatestversion.

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 2

1. RESPONSIBILITYFORSAFEDESIGN................................................................................................ 3

2. HOWWEWILLACHIVESAFEDESIGN?........................................................................................... 5

2.1 Stakeholderengagement............................................................................................................5

3.

UNDERSTANDINGRISKS

AND

HAZARDS

........................................................................................

6

4. DESIGNREVIEWWORKSHOPS....................................................................................................... 8

4.1 DesignReviewWorkshops..........................................................................................................8

4.2 CHAIRConstructionHazardAssessmentandImplicationReview...........................................8

5. CONDUCTINGRISKWORKSHOPS................................................................................................ 10

6. INTEGRATINGDESIGNANDRISKMANAGEMENT........................................................................ 11

7. CONDUCTINGHAZARDANDOPERABILITYSTUDIES..................................................................... 13

7.1 HazOpFacilitation.....................................................................................................................13

8. TECHNICALREFERENCEGROUPS................................................................................................ 14

8.1

TechnicalReference

Groups

......................................................................................................

14

8.2 PostOccupancyReviews...........................................................................................................14

APPENDIXASAFETYINDESIGNCHECKLIST...................................................................................... 15

APPENDIXBSAFEWORKAUSTRALIAGUIDANCE............................................................................. 17

APPENDIXCSiDGRAPHIC................................................................................................................ 18

UniSAacknowledgescontentinthisdocumenthasbeensourcedfromSafeWorkAustraliapublications

materialwhichislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0AustraliaLicence(CCBY3.0)andis

Commonwealth

of

Australia

2012.


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INTRODUCTION

TheUniversityofSouthAustralia(UniSA)understandsitsobligationsforachievingthestandardsofhealth,

safety,

and

welfare

required

under

the

WHS

Act

and

the

Work

Health

and

Safety

Regulations

(the

WHS

Regulations).

Ouraimistoprovidesafe,sustainable,andfunctionalaccommodationand

facilitiesforourstaff,students,andvisitors,whileensuringappropriate

safetyindesign.

UniSAhasadoptedtherelevantCodesofPracticeandparticularlythoseforConstructionandSafeDesign

ofStructures. Weaimtoprovideourstaffandcontractorswiththenecessaryguidancewithregardtoour

specificrequirementsinadditiontothoseoftheWHSAct.

WeacknowledgethatSafetyinDesignextendsbeyondtheScopeoftheBuildingCodeofAustralia(BCA)

andrelevant

State

planning

principles,

Ministerial

Specifications,

and

related

regulations.

We

will

provide

ourstandardsofdesignandconstructionwhichshouldbereadinconjunctionwiththedocuments

outlinedabove.

WerecogniseSafeWorkAustraliaasthepreeminentauthorityinprescribingsafeworkpractices.

SafeWorkAustraliahasidentifiedthefollowingfiveprinciples(keyelements)forsafedesign:

Principle1:Peoplewithcontrol Safedesigniseveryonesresponsibilityensuringsafe

designrestswithallpartiesinfluencingthedesignofabuildingorstructure.

Principle2:Thelifecycle Safedesignemployslifecycleconceptsapplyingtoeveryphasein

thelifecycleofabuildingorstructure,fromconceptionthroughtoredevelopmentand

demolition.

Principle3:Riskmanagement Safedesignimplementsriskmanagementthrough

systematicallyidentifying,assessing,andcontrollinghazards.

Principle4:Knowledgeandcapability Safedesignrequiresknowledgeandcapabilitywhich

shouldbeeitherdemonstratedoraccessedbyanypersoninfluencingdesign.

Principle5:Informationtransfer Safedesignreliesoninformationrequiringeffective

documentationandcommunicationbetweeneveryoneinvolvedinthelifecycleofabuilding

orstructure.


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1. RESPONSIBILITYFORSAFEDESIGN

UniSAanditsemployeesareconsideredtobeapersonconductingabusinessorundertaking(PCBU)and

hastheprimarydutyundertheWHSAct 2012toensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,thatworkers

andotherpersonsarenotexposedtohealthandsafetyrisksarisingfromthebusinessorundertaking.

AsaPCBUwhocommissionsconstructionworkweacknowledgewemustconsultwiththedesigner(s)to

ensurethatrisksarisingfromthedesignduringconstructionareeliminatedorminimisedasfaras

reasonablypracticable. Thisincludesevaluationplantandequipmentforsafeinclusioninthestructures

wecommission.

Whilstweengagearangeofcontractorstoprovideservices(sometimesspecified);weacknowledgethat

wemustensurethatqualifiedandcompetentpeopleareengagedtoundertakethedesiredservicesfor

thefulllifecyclemanagementofourfacilities.

TheWHSActprovidesthefollowingdefinitions:Apersonconductingabusinessorundertakingthat

commissionsconstructionwork(theclient)hasspecificdutiesundertheWHSRegulationsto:

consultwiththedesigner,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,abouthowtoensurethathealth

andsafetyrisksarisingfromthedesignduringconstructionareeliminatedorminimised,and

providethedesignerwithanyinformationthattheclienthasinrelationtothehazardsand

risksatthesitewheretheconstructionworkistobecarriedout.

Apersonconductingabusinessorundertakingwhocommissionsadesignorconstruction

workoraconstructionprojectisreferredtointhisCodeastheclient.

Apersonconductingabusinessorundertakingthatdesignsastructurethatwillbeused,orcould

reasonablybeexpectedtobeused,asaworkplacemustensure,sofarasisreasonablypracticable,that

thestructureiswithoutriskstohealthandsafety. Thisdutyincludescarryingouttestingandanalysisand

providingspecific

information

about

the

structure.

Adesignerisapersonconductingabusinessorundertakingwhoseprofession,tradeorbusinessinvolves

themin:

preparingsketches,plansordrawingsforastructure,includingvariationstoaplanorchanges

toastructure

makingdecisionsforincorporationintoadesignthatmayaffectthehealthorsafetyof

personswhoconstruct,useorcarryoutotheractivitiesinrelationtothestructure.

Theyinclude:

architects,buildingdesigners,engineers,buildingsurveyors,interiordesigners,landscape

architects,townplannersandallotherdesignpractitionerscontributingto,orhavingoverall

responsibilityfor,anypartofthedesign(forexample,drainageengineersdesigningthedrain

foranew

development)

buildingservicedesigners,engineeringfirmsorothersdesigningservicesthatarepartofthe

structuresuchasventilation,electricalsystemsandpermanentfireextinguisherinstallations

contractorscarryingoutdesignworkaspartoftheircontributiontoaproject(forexample,an

engineeringcontractorprovidingdesign,procurementandconstructionmanagement

services)

temporaryworksengineers,includingthosedesigningformwork,falsework,scaffoldingand

sheetpiling

personswhospecifyhowstructuralalteration,demolitionordismantlingworkistobecarried

out.

Apersonconductingabusinessorundertakingwhoaltersormodifiesadesignwithoutconsultingthe

originalor

subsequent

designer

will

assume

the

duties

of

adesigner.

Any

changes

to

the

design

of

a

structuremayaffectthehealthandsafetyofthosewhoworkonorusethestructureandmustbe

consideredbythepersonalteringormodifyingadesign.


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Aprincipalcontractorisrequiredforaconstructionprojectwherethevalueoftheconstructionworkis

$250,000ormore. Theprincipalcontractorisapersonconductingabusinessorundertakingthat:

commissionstheconstructionproject(theclient),or

isengagedbytheclienttobetheprincipalcontractorandisauthorisedtohavemanagement

orcontrol

of

the

workplace.

Theprincipalcontractorhasdutiestoensuretheconstructionworkisplannedandmanagedinawaythat

eliminatesorminimiseshealthandsafetyriskssofarasisreasonablypracticable.

Design,inrelationtoastructure,includesthedesignofallorpartofthestructureandtheredesignor

modificationofadesign. Designoutputincludesanyhardcopyorelectronicdrawing,designdetail,design

instruction,scopeofworksdocumentorspecificationrelatingtothestructure.

Understandingthecontractualarrangementsisimportant,butunderstandingeveryonesresponsibilityfor

safetyindesignisequallyimportantasthisresponsibilityisnottransferrable.

Figure1This

model

represents

design

and

build

arrangements

where

all

parties

are

contractually

bound

Contracted responsibilities

Consultation, co-operation,and co-ordination duties

CLIENT

(UniSA)

DESIGNBUILD

ENTITY

DESIGNER CONSTRUCTOR

DESIGN BUILDTEAM

Apersonwhocommissions

constructionworkmust

consultwiththedesigner.

Thepersonwho

commissionsworkmustalso

passontotheconstructor

informationprovidedbythe

desi ner.

Anentityboundbydesign

andbuildcontractual

arrangementsfora

construction

project

may

be

appointedasaprincipal

contractor.

Ateamcontractuallybound

todeliverabuildingor

structuretotheclienthasa

greateropportunitytoensure

thatconsultationtakesplace

morefrequentlyand

effectivelyduringthedesign

stageandinconstruction.


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2. HOWWEWILLACHIVESAFEDESIGN?

Safedesignmeanstheintegrationofcontrolmeasuresearlyinthedesignprocesstoeliminateor,ifthisis

not

reasonably

practicable,

minimise

risks

to

health

and

safety

throughout

the

life

of

the

structure

being

designed.

Wewilluseariskbasedapproach,asasystemicwayofinvestigatingmakingaworkplaceassafeas

possible. Byusingthisprocesswewillaimto:

identifyreasonablyforeseeablehazardsassociatedwiththedesignofthestructure

ifnecessary,assesstherisksarisingfromthehazards

eliminateorminimisetheriskbydesigningcontrolmeasures,and

reviewthecontrolmeasures.

Wewill

develop

ascalable

approach

to

advance

safety

on

our

projects

using

contemporary

methods

that

willunderpinsaferdesignsandthereforesaferfacilities. Wewillinnovateandseekthebestofour

consultantsandcontractorsinaimingfortheseresults.

WemayconductHazardIdentificationWorkshops(forexampleHAZOPorSWIFT)atvariousstagesofthe

projectlifecycleasamethodofconsideringhazardsandhowtoeliminatethem.

WemayadopttheCHAIR(ConstructionHazardAssessmentImplicationReview)methodasatooltoassist

keystakeholderstocometogethertoreduceconstruction,maintenance,repairanddemolitionsafetyrisks

associatedwithdesign.

Byapplying

these

methods

from

the

pre

design

phase

we

will

aim

to

reduce

hazards

and

aid

in

the

selectionofcompetentandcapableconsultants.

Periodically,independentdesignreviewsandconsultantreviewswillbeundertakentoassessthegeneral

natureandbehaviourtowardsriskandsafetyonprojects.

Wewillensurethatweprovideourconsultantsandcontractorswithrelevantsitehistories,informationon

knownorsuspectedhazards,andacopyofthesafetyreporttotheprincipalcontractor,asrequiredunder

theWHSActasamethodoftransferringimportantsiteinformation.

2.1 Stakeholderengagement

Throughthestakeholderengagementphaseoftheproject,theProjectManagerisexpectedtoidentify,

engagewithandenlistanyrelevantstakeholders. Thiswillextendtotechnicalreferencegroups,

stakeholdergroupsandbusinessgroupsfromwithinandbeyondtheUniversity. (ReferSection8)


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3. UNDERSTANDINGRISKSANDHAZARDS

Contemporaryriskmanagementpracticesandtheintegrationofothertoolsandsystemsshouldbeseen

as

the

minimum

standard

to

employing

safe

design

on

construction

projects.

It

is

not

reasonable

to

expect

thattheProjectManagercanbeacrossandresolveeveryriskandhazardonaprojectwithoutconsulting

withothers. Theknowledgeofanintegratedteamcanbegleanedthroughthelessonslearnedapproach

andtheuseofintelligentconsultantsandcontractorscanaidingrowingourknowledgeandawareness.

Safedesignmeanstheintegrationofcontrolmeasuresearlyinthedesignprocesstoeliminateor,ifthisis

notreasonablypracticable,minimiseriskstohealthandsafetythroughoutthelifeofthestructure.

Ifitisnotreasonablypracticabletoeliminateahazardthefollowingcontrolmeasures1shouldbe

considered:

Thewaysofcontrollingrisksarerankedfromthehighestlevelofprotectionandreliabilitytothelowest,

knownasthehierarchyofcontrol.

EliminationThemosteffectivecontrolmeasureinvolveseliminatingthehazardand

associatedrisk. Bydesigninginordesigningoutcertainfeatures,hazardsmaybeeliminated.

Forexample,designingcomponentsthatfacilitateprefabricationonthegroundcanavoidthe

needforworkingatheightandthereforeeliminatetheriskoffalls.

Substitutionreplaceahazardousprocessormaterialwithonethatislesshazardousto

reducetherisk. Forexample:

Usingprecastpanelsratherthanconstructingamasonrywall

Usingprefinishedmaterialsinpreferencetoonsitefinishing

Isolation

separate

the

hazard

or

hazardous

work

practice

from

people,

for

example

designingthelayoutofabuildingsothatnoisymachineryisisolatedfromworkstations

Engineering

controlsuseengineeringcontrolmeasurestominimisetherisk,forexample,

includingadequateventilationandlightinginthedesign,designingandpositioningpermanent

anchorageandhoistingpointsintobuildingswheremaintenanceneedstobeundertakenat

height

AdministrativecontrolsIfengineeringcontrolscannotreducetherisksufficiently,then

administrativecontrolsshouldbeused,forexampleusingwarningsignsorexclusionzones

whereahazardousactivityiscarriedout.

Personal

protective

equipment

(for

example

hard

hats,

respiratory

protection,

gloves,

ear

muffs)

should

be

used

to

protect

the

worker

from

any

residual

risk.

It

is

the

least

effective

control

measure

as

it

relies

on

the

workers

behaviour

and

therefore

requires

thorough

training

and

a

high

level

of

supervision

to

be

effective.

Inmanycasesacombinationofcontrolmeasureswillberequiredtominimisetheriskstohealthand

safety. Forexampletrafficflowataworkplacemaybecontrolledbyincorporatingtrafficislands

(engineering)anderectingwarningsigns(administrative).

Applyingthishierarchyofcontrolsshouldprovideforasafe,costeffective,andpracticalfacility.

1SafeWorkAustraliaCodeofPracticeSafetyinDesign


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Usefultechniquesmayincludeacombinationofthefollowingactions:

Conductworkshopsanddiscussionswithpersonnelusingorworkingonsimilarstructures

withintheUniversity,includinghealthandsafetyrepresentatives.

Conductonsiteassessmentofanexistingsimilarstructurewithfeedbackfromtheusersof

theexistingstructuresandfacilities.

Researchinformation

or

reports

from

similar

structures

on

hazards

and

relevant

sources

of

informationandstakeholdergroups,thencompleteanalysisforowndesignneeds.

Conductworkshopswithexperiencedpersonnelwhowillconstruct,useandmaintainthe

newstructure.

Conductworkshopswithspecialistconsultantsandexpertsinthehazards.ReviewwithOHS

Personneltoeliminateorincorporatelessonslearnt.


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4. DESIGNREVIEWWORKSHOPS

4.1

Design

Review

Workshops

DesignreviewworkshopsareacommonpracticebyProjectManagersspecificallyundertakentoreview

thedesignaspects,furniture,fittings,andequipment. Additionalattributesofthedesignreviewworkshop

areverificationagainstconstructionstandardsandguidelines;BCAandotherstandards.

WealsouseDesignReviewWorkshopstoensurethattheUniSAdesignandconstructionstandardsare

beingembracedandincludedbythedesignteam. SafetyinDesignhasalwaysbeenapartofourdesign

reviewprocess,notwithstandingitspreviousinclusionSafetyinDesignisnowtobeconsideredadedicated

functioninthedevelopmentanddeliveryofallourprojectsandistobeidentifiedassuchthroughformal

inclusionasastandingagendaitemacrossallprojectmeetingforums.

4.2 CHAIRConstructionHazardAssessmentandImplicationReview

ACHAIRConstructionHazardAssessmentandImplication

Reviewisadetailedandsystematicexaminationofthe

construction,maintenance,repair,anddemolitionsafety

issuesassociatedwithadesign. CHAIRisatooldevelopedby

theWorkCoverCorporation(NSW)toassistdesigners,

constructors,clientsandotherkeystakeholderstocome

togethertoreduceconstruction,maintenance,repairand

demolitionsafety

risks

associated

with

design.

Itconsidershowdesignfeatureshavebeenincorporatedtoeliminateormitigatepotentialconstruction

hazards. Theassessmentassumesacertainlevelofsafetymanagementtoexistattheconstructionsiteit

isasupplementto,andnotareplacementof,sitespecificconstructionsafetyreviews.

Aseparateguideontheuse,facilitation,andpurposeof

theConstructionHazardAssessmentandImplication

Reviewisavailableandshouldbeusedtocoverthe

lifecycleaspects

of

your

projects

development.

Animportantaspectofconductingreviewsisreflectingonpastprojects. Reviewinghistoricitemslike:

Riskregisters

Designreports

SafetyinDesignreports

HazOpReports

HazardandIncidentreports;and

Lessonslearnt.

"CHAIRisatoolthatwillenable

bettersafetyawarenessand

solutionsforimprovingsafetyand

constructionthroughidentifying

potentialhazardsbyacoordinated

approachbyallstakeholders.

TheRAIAalsobelievesthevalueof

CHAIRarisesfromitscommonsense

approachandpracticalityindrawing

keystakeholderstogethertocooperativelyplanforsafety.


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TheAustralianCouncilofBuildingDesignProfessions(BDP)andtheRoyalAustralianInstituteofArchitects

(RAIA)

support

the

use

of

CHAIR.

The

BDP

believes

that

along

with

the

quality

and

amenity

of

the

built

environment,

its

safety

is

also

determined

at

the

design

stage.

4.3 IndicativeStagesofSafetyinDesign

DesignConsultant

and

Client,

2party

process,

establish

the

final

design

and

identify

anyrisksassociatedwiththroughlifeoperationandmaintenance(throughan

establishedmethodologyandworkshop,HazOp,SWIFTetc),thesearethenrecorded

andmanagedandmayinfluencethefinaldesignoutcome.

ThefinaldesignistenderedandaConstructionPrimeContractorisappointed,thenext

stageoftheSafetyinDesignprocesswillnowinvolveall3partiestoidentifyhazards

whichmaybepresentduringtheconstructionphase.Recordthehazards,manageand

mitigateasfarasreasonablypracticable.

Safetyreviewstobeundertakenatregularintervalstoidentifynewhazardsandreview

existingcontrolmeasuresforadequacy.

AtprojectcompletionalldocumentationrelatingtotheSafetyinDesignprocessshould

becopied

to

all

parties

as

evidence

of

compliance,

by

all

parties,

with

the

regulatory

requirements.

ThestagesidentifiedaboveprovideanindicationofhowSafetyinDesigngrowsasaproject

maturesandadditionalpartiesareintroducedtobecomestakeholdersintheprocess;

ConstructionContractor.Onevitalaspectofstakeholderengagementthatmustbe

rememberedthroughouttheSafetyinDesignprocessisthattheendusersofabuildingare

theonesthatwillhavetomanageresidualrisksforthelongestandassuchtheyshouldbe

fullyinvolvedandengagedthroughout.


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5. CONDUCTINGRISKWORKSHOPS

UniSAhasaCorporateRiskmethodologyandthisprocessshouldformthebasisofyourriskpractices

whilst

managing

projects.

There

are

specific

risks

unique

to

construction,

operation,

and

maintenance

that

youwillneedtoincorporatetosatisfytheWHSActandyourselfthattheprojectisprogressingsafely.

Assessingrisk

Ariskassessmentinvolvesconsideringwhatcouldhappenifsomeoneisexposedtoahazardandthe

likelihoodofithappening. Itisawayofdecidinghowmucheffortshouldbefocussedondesigningouta

hazardthemoreserioustheriskofharm,themoretimeandeffortshouldbededicatedtoeliminatingor

minimisingtherisk.

Riskassessmentisnotanabsolutescience,itisanevaluationbasedonavailableinformation. Therefore,it

is

important

those

involved

in

a

risk

assessment

have

the

necessary

information,

knowledge

and

experienceoftheworkenvironmentandworkprocess.

Ifyourequireassistanceapplyingtheprinciplesoftheseguidelinesyoumayneedtoconsultoneofthe

followingareasforfurtherguidance;FMUstaff,DivisionalandHRUnitWHSstaff.

You

are

not

expected

to

know

everything

you

are

expected

to

consult

and

engage

with

those

that

do.

Riskassessmentmethodsforassessingdesignsafetymayinclude2:

factfindingtodetermineexistingcontrols,ifany

testing

design

assumptions

to

ensure

that

aspects

of

it

are

not

based

on

incorrect

beliefs

or

anticipationsonthepartofthedesigner,astohowworkersorothersinvolvedwillactor

react

testingofstructuresorcomponentsspecifiedforuseintheconstruction,enduseand

maintenance

consultingwithkeypeoplewhohavethespecialisedknowledgeand/orcapacitytocontrolor

influencethedesign,(forexamplethearchitect,client,constructionmanager,engineers,

projectmanagersandsafetyandhealthrepresentatives),toidentifyandassessrisks;

consultingdirectlywithotherexperts,(forexamplespecialistengineers,manufacturersand

productorsystemsdesigners)whohavebeeninvolvedwithsimilarconstructions,and

whendesigningfortherenovationordemolitionofexistingbuildings,reviewingprevious

designdocumentation

or

information

recorded

about

the

design

structure

and

any

modificationsundertakentoaddresssafetyconcerns;andconsultingprofessionalindustryor

employeeassociationswhomayassistwithriskassessmentsforthetypeofworkand

workplace.

Theriskregisterisalivedocumentcreatedtotrack,control,andcommunicaterisksonyourproject. It

shouldbereviewedaspartofyourregularprojectgovernancepracticesforthelifeoftheproject.

2FromtheCodeofPractice SiD


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6. INTEGRATINGDESIGNANDRISKMANAGEMENT

Asystemsapproachthatintegratestheriskmanagementprocessinthedesignphasesandencourages

collaborationbetweenaclient,designer,andconstructorisrecommended(seeFigure1).

Figure1:

A

systematic

approach

to

integrating

design

and

risk

management

from

the

Code

of

Practice

Establishthedesign

context

Establishconsultation

methodswithclient

Predesignphase

Obtaininformationincluding:

Intendeduseofstructure

Industryinjury/illnessprofileandstatistics

Guidanceonstructurehazardsandpossiblesolutions.

Conductpreliminaryhazardanalysisand

consultation

Identifyhazardsthatareaffectedbythedesignof

thestructure,andarewithinthecontrolofthe

designer.

Conceptualandschematic

designphase

Frameworkforthepreliminary

hazardanalysis(seeTable1):

Siting

Highconsequencehazards

Systemsofwork

Environment

Incidentmitigation.

Determinehowriskswillbeeliminatedor

minimisedthrougheither:

(a)implementingsolutionsfromrecognised

Standards;or

(b)conductingariskassessmentprocess.

Designdevelopmentphase

(a)Implementsolutionsfrom

recognisedStandards.

Identifyhazardsthatcanbe

adequatelyaddressed

by

applying

risk

controlsfromexistingstandardsif

appropriate

(b)Conductariskassessmentprocess

forhazardswhichhavenosuitable

solutionsinrecognisedStandardsor

thereis

poor

safety

experience

with

thistypeofhazard.Consultwith

stakeholders

FinaldesignReview

designs

to

establish

whether

risk

eliminationorminimisationhasbeen

achieved,includingthatcontrolmeasures

havenotintroducednewrisks

Redesigntoreduce

riskswithinthe

designerscontrol.

Ensurehealthandsafetyis

includedwithotherstructure

requirementsinthedesign

Designriskcontrols

YesNO


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Whilstnotanexhaustivelistthefollowingguide,fromtheCodeofPracticeonpreliminaryhazard

identification,canbeundertakenbytheprojectmanagerinitiallyandthenbuiltuponwiththe

collectiveinputofothers.

Table1:Frameworkforthepreliminaryhazardidentification

Sitingofstructure

/equipment

Potentialdesignissuesthatmayaffectsafetyinclude:

proximitytoadjacentpropertyornearbyroads/airports

surroundinglanduse

previouslandusee.g.heavymetalsoilcontamination

clearancesrequiredforconstructionequipmentand

techniques

demolitionofexistingassets

proximitytoundergroundoroverheadservicesespecially

electriclines

exposureofworkerstoadjacenttrafficorotherhazards

siteconditionsincludingfoundations,andconstructionover

otherassetsoroverwater

safetyofthepublicandadjacentworkers

useofadjacentstreets.

Emergencyevacuationplan

Highconsequence

hazards

Thestorageandhandlingofdangerousgoods,orworkwithhigh

energyhazards(forexample,pressure)andhealthhazardssuchas

biologicalmaterials.Useofplantsuchasforklifttrucks,cranesetc

Systemsofwork

(involvingtheinteraction

ofpersonswiththe

structure)

Thesystemsofwork(includingcleaningandmaintenanceactivities)

thatposerisks,forexample:

rapidconstructiontechniques,i.e.prefabricationversusinsitu

construction

materialstobeusedinconstruction

stagingandcoordinationwithotherworks

subcontractingensuringcommunicationviaprinciple

contractororcontractor

inadequatepedestrianorvehicleseparation

restrictedaccessforbuildingandplantmaintenance

hazardousmanualtasks

workingatheight

exposuretooccupationalviolence.

Considerbothtechnicalandhumanfactors,includinghumansability

tochangebehaviourtocompensatefordesignchanges. Anticipate

misusethroughout

the

lifecycle.

Environmentalconditions Impactofadversenaturaleventssuchascyclones,floodsand

earthquakes,inadequateventilationorlighting,highbackgroundnoise

levelsandwelfarefacilitiesthatdonotmeetworkplaceneeds,shelter

fromextremesofheatandultravioletradiation.

Incidentmitigation Thepossibilityofthestructuretoexacerbatetheconsequencesafter

anincidentduetoinadequateegress,sitingofassemblyareas,

inadequateemergencyservicesaccess.


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7. CONDUCTINGHAZARDANDOPERABILITYSTUDIES

7.1 HazOpFacilitation

A

HazOp

is

a

structured

team

based

method

for

the

systematic

review

of

the

design

of

a

facility

or

plant.

AHazOpcanbeappliedtobothproposedandexistingsystemsandprovidesfortheparticipantstoexplore

Hazardsthatmaypresentthroughtheoccupationoroperationofafacilityorplant.

AHazOpcanbeappliedatanytimeinthelifeofaproject. Toleveragethebestopportunityforchangea

HazOpconductedinthepredesignphasecanleveragepastexperienceandguidethedevelopmentof

designAHazOpconductedinthedesignphasecanensureearlierconceptshavebeenappliedandthat

thepresenteddesignisfunctionalanddoesnotintroducehazards,priortocommittingtocontractsor

evenmoreimportantlyconstruction. Everyaspectofthedesignshouldbetestedandquestionedandthe

resultsofthisprocessdocumentedthoroughly.

The

cost

of

change

once

construction

is

underway

can

impact

not

only

budgets,

but

time

and

quality

considerations.

Bycarefullyselectingparticipantsinthegroupyouareseekingtoembracetheknowledgeskillsand

experiencesofotherstotestyourprojectsdesigns,concepts,orpractices. Thepracticeofengaging

externalpersonnelwithfresheyesshouldbeencouragedtofullybenefitfromtheHazOpprocess.An

indicativelistofThoughtTriggerswhicharedesignedtopromptopendiscussionsandassistinidentifying

hazardsareprovidedatAppendixA.

AHAZOPisadesignverificationprocess. Itshouldnotbeusedasadesigndevelopmentprocessunless

youaremodifyingthedesigntoeliminateorreduceahazard.

AdesignreviewundertakenwiththeHazOpshouldconsideralltheoccupancyissuesandassociatedplant

andequipment. Analysisofworkflow,traffic,P&IDs,plantandequipmentlayout,proximitybetween

students,staffandoperatinginfrastructureshouldallbeconsideredinordertoeliminateandreducerisks.

TheHazOpprocesscanbecomplementarytoformulatingsafetyandoperatingproceduresandinduction

practicesforfacilities,plantandequipment.

AregisterofHazardscanbeaproductoftheworkshopprocessforsharingandcommunicatingactionsand

responsibilities. TheregistercansupplementtheRiskRegisterandformpartofthecontinuingproject

governanceprocesses.


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8. TECHNICALREFERENCEGROUPS

8.1 TechnicalReferenceGroups

ATechnicalReferenceGroup(TRG)isformedtoengagerelevantstakeholdersandsubjectmatterexperts

forthepurposeofevaluatingrequirementsandthesuitabilityofproposalsanddesigns. Fromtheearly

phasesof

the

project

the

TRG

can

provide

their

experience

and

expectations

to

guide

and

shape

the

developmentoftheproject.

ItistheroletotheProjectManagertoimpressonthemembersoftheTRGthatsafetyindesignisa

significantcomponentofthegroupsresponsibilities. Safetymayoverridesomeprojectexpectationsif

theycannotbeachievedsafely,complywiththevariouscodesofpracticeorindustrystandards. Solutions

willneedtobedrivenonthebasisofthehierarchyofcontrolsandacceptanceoflowerlevelcontrolsbeing

consideredanddocumented.

TheuseoftheTechnicalReferenceGroupintheprocessofhazardidentificationensuresitissystematic

andnotlimitedtooneortwopeoplesexperiencesofsituations.

8.2 PostOccupancyReviews

Asanessentialelementofensuringongoingsuitabilityofriskmanagementmeasuresandthecontinuing

validityofidentifiedrisksitisvitalthattheProjectManagerscheduleapostoccupancyreviewofthespace

affectedbytheprojectworks,thisassessmentistobeconductedinconsultationwithspaceoccupantsand

associatedOHS&Wrepresentative.

Followingthecompletionofconstructionitisrecommendedtoreviewtheeffectivenessofsafetyin

design. Thisprocesscanbeagoodwaytovalidatethesuccessorotherwiseofincorporatedsafety

attributesand

their

effectiveness.

It

remains

an

important

consideration

that

this

process

should

be

appliedintheroutinetransitionfunctionalityinfacilities. Shouldanofficebecomesomethingelse,we

shouldconductareviewtoassessthesafetyandfunctionalityofthespacepriortoreoccupation.

Providingadvicetoourconsultantteamswillassisttheminimprovingtheirserviceofferingandknowledge

inthecontinualimprovementofdesignsbasedonsafety.


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APPENDIXAIndicativeSafetyinDesignWorkshopThoughtTriggers

Thefollowinglistmaybeusedasastartingreferencepointtoevokediscussionsandidentifyhazardsand

risksassociatedwiththedesignofastructurethroughoutitslifecycle. Itisnotanexhaustivelistandisa

guide

to

considering

what

elements

and

hazards

may

exist

in

our

projects.

Electricalsafety

Earthingofelectricalinstallations

Locationofundergroundandoverheadpowercables

Protectionofleads/cables

Numberandlocationofpowerpoints

Fireandemergencies

Firerisks

Firedetectionandfirefighting

Emergencyroutes

and

exits

Accessforandstructuralcapacitytocarryfiretenders

Otheremergencyfacilities

Movementofpeopleandmaterials

Safeaccessandegress,includingforpeoplewithdisability

Trafficmanagement

Loadingbaysandramps

Safecrossings

Exclusionzones

Sitesecurity

Workingenvironment

Ventilationforthermalcomfortandgeneralairqualityandspecificventilationrequirementsfor

theworktobeperformedonthepremises

Temperature

Lightingincludingthatofplantrooms

Acousticpropertiesandnoisecontrol,forexample,noiseisolation,insulationandabsorption

Seating

Floorsurfacestopreventslipsandtrips

Spaceforoccupants

Plant

Towercranelocations,loadingandunloading

Mobilecraneloadsonslabs

Plantandmachineryinstalledinabuildingorstructure

Materialshandlingplantandequipment

Maintenanceaccesstoplantandequipment

Theguardingofplantandmachinery

Liftinstallations

Amenitiesandfacilities

Accessto

various

amenities

and

facilities

such

as

storage,

first

aid

rooms/sick

rooms,

rest

rooms,

mealandaccommodationareasanddrinkingwater


17/19




Earthworks

Excavations(forexample,risksfromearthcollapsingorengulfment)

Locationofundergroundservices

Structuralsafety

Erectionof

steelwork

or

concrete

frameworks

Loadbearingrequirements

Stabilityandintegrityofthestructure

Manualtasks

Methodsofmaterialhandling

Accessibilityofmaterialhandling

Loadingdocksandstoragefacilities

Workplacespaceandlayouttopreventmusculoskeletaldisorders,includingfacilitatinguseof

mechanicalaids

Assemblyanddisassemblyofprefabricatedfixturesandfittings

Substances

Exposuretohazardoussubstancesandmaterialsincludinginsulationanddecorativematerials

Exposuretovolatileorganiccompoundsandoffgassingthroughtheuseofcompositewood

productsorpaints

Exposuretoirritantdustandfumes

Storageanduseofhazardouschemicals,includingcleaningproducts

Fallsprevention

Guardrails

Windowheightsandcleaning

Anchoragepoints

for

building

maintenance

and

cleaning

Accesstoworkingspacesforconstruction,cleaning,maintenanceandrepairs

Scaffolding

Temporaryworkplatforms

Roofingmaterialsandsurfacecharacteristicssuchasfragility,slipresistanceandpitch

Specificrisks

Exposuretoradiation,forexample,electromagneticradiation

Exposuretobiologicalhazards

Fatigue

Working

alone

Useofexplosives

Confinedspaces

Overandunderwaterwork,includingdivingandworkincaissonswithcompressedair

supply

Noiseexposure

Exposuretonoisefromplantorfromsurroundingarea


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APPENDIXBSAFEWORKAUSTRALIAGUIDANCE

SafeWorkAustralialeadsthedevelopmentofnationalpolicytoimproveworkhealthandsafetyand

workerscompensationarrangementsacrossAustralia.

Furtherguidance

can

be

found

in

the

various

codes

of

practice

at

the

Safe

Work

Australia

Website:

http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA

Code

of

Practice:

Demolition

Work.

CodeofPractice:ConfinedSpaces.

CodeofPractice:ConstructionWork.

CodeofPractice:SafelyRemoveAsbestos.

CodeofPractice:HowtoManageandControlAsbestosintheWorkplace.

CodeofPractice:WorkHealthandSafetyConsultationCooperationandCoordination.

Code

of

Practice:

ManagingElectrical

Risks

at

the

Workplace.

CodeofPractice:ExcavationWork.

Code

of

Practice:

ManagingtheriskofFallsatWorkplaces.

CodeofPractice:ManagingtheWorkEnvironmentandFacilities.

CodeofPractice:FirstAidintheWorkplace.

Code

of

Practice:

HowtoManageWorkHealthandSafetyRisks.

Code

of

Practice:

SafeDesignofStructures.

Thislistisbeingcontinuallyupdatedandbenefitsfromthepublicconsultationphaseofdraftcodesof

practice.


19/19

APPENDIXCSiDGRAPHIC

Safety

in

Design

(SiD)

is

another

continuous

project

function.

It

requires

the

Project

Manager

to

be

thinkingandrespondingtoissuesthatcanbeattributedtoSiD. Effectiveandaccuratedocumentationof

communicationisacoreattributeofrecordingyourefforttowardSafetyinDesign.

RefertotheProjectManagementFrameworkforadditionalguidanceandprojecttemplates.

safety in design (sid) guidelines v1 0

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