safety instrumented systems angela summers
TRANSCRIPT
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Safety Instrumented Systems
ANGELA E. SUMMERS, PH.D., P.E.SIS-TECH Solutions, LLC
We’re Proven-in-Use.
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Terminology
Critical Control SystemsSafety Shutdown SystemsProtective Instrumented SystemsEquipment Protection SystemsEmergency Shutdown SystemsSafety Critical SystemsInterlocksSafety Instrumented Systems
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What is a Safety Instrumented System (SIS)?
An SIS is designed to:
respond to conditions in the plant which may be hazardous in themselves or, if no action was taken, could eventually give rise to a hazard, and to respond to these conditions by taking defined actions that either prevent the hazard or mitigate the hazard consequences.
Input ---- Logic Solver ---- Output
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Examples of Safety Instrumented Systems
High fuel gas pressure furnace initiates shutdown of main fuel gas valves.High reactor temperature initiates fail open action of coolant valve.High column pressure initiates fail open action of pressure vent valve.
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OSHA & EPA
Process Safety Management
GOOD ENGINEERING PRACTICE
Written Internal Guidelines
Mentor/Engineering
Practices
Industry Codes & Standards
Emergency Shutdown Systems, Control, Relief
Systems
SIF included here
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Standards Bodies that Define Good Engineering Practice for Safety Instrumented Systems
ISA, Instrumentation Systems and Automation SocietyIEC, International Electrotechnical Commission
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Other standards and guidelines must be integrated with SIS standards!
ISA 84.01-2003
IEC 61508 IEC 61511ASME
NFPAAPI
ISO AICHE Books
Boiler Codes
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Safety Instrumented System Standards
ISA 84.01-2003 - “Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector”Identical to IEC 61511 with inclusion of grandfather clauseTo be published October 2003
IEC 61508 - “Functional Safety: Safety Related Systems”Current version released 1999Under revision for next release 2005
IEC 61511 - “Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector”Published 2003
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Front End Engineering
Engineering Design
Commissioning
Management of Change
Safety Lifecycle
Planning
Operations & Maintenance
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Manage risk - People
Identify role of individual or departmentsWho is assigned to project?What are their roles?
Document competency of individuals and departments
Does anyone need more training?Who will mentor inexperienced engineers?Who will review and approve?
This is good project management.
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Manage risk – Procedures
Define when the following will take place:Verifications, Audits, and Validation.
Require procedures for evaluating the performance of the SIS after it has been installed
Performance audits andTracking failures rates.
This is good quality control.
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Assess risk and mitigate it
Will talk about the “how to” laterThe assessment results in the assignment of Safety Integrity Level
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Safety Integrity Level
SIL PFDavg Risk Reduction Availability (%)
4 10-4 to 10-5 10,000 to 100,000 99.99 to 99.999
3 10-3 to 10-4 1,000 to 10,000 99.9 to 99.99
2 10-2 to 10-3 100 to 1,000 99 to 99.9
1 10-1 to 10-2 10 to 100 90 to 99
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Let’s talk about Risk.What is your wager?How many times do you place the wager each year?What are your odds of losing your wager?
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Design SIF
Justify selection of devicesDocument the safety requirements specificationDesign SIFs to achieve Safety Integrity Level.
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Prove itVerify
Safety Integrity LevelFault tolerance
CommissioningInstall SIFs per design documents
Functional safety assessmentMake sure all documents are in place and all hazards analysis items are addressed.
ValidationTest SIFs to ensure that they have desired functionality
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Maintain itOperation, maintenance and testing
Use diagnostics and testing to maintain performanceCreate and maintain procedure to support these activitiesTrain personnel on procedures
Management of changeMonitor changes to SIS that might affect SIL
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Audit it
Includes design and proceduresDefine frequency of auditsDetermine the degree of independence of auditing activityDocument auditDefine follow-up activities
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Front End Engineering
Engineering Design
Commissioning
Management of Change
Safety Lifecycle
Planning
Operations & Maintenance