safiya tayyiba,mba,shadan women's cllg of engg & tech

8/14/2019 Safiya Tayyiba,Mba,Shadan Women's Cllg of Engg & Tech.

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5/109

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8/109

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchangehttp://www.nyse.com/about/listed/hog.htmlhttp://www.nyse.com/about/listed/hog.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Harleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Davidson_(Harley-Davidson_founder)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,000,000,000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_Davidson#cite_note-zenobank-0%23cite_note-zenobank-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_Davidson#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buell_Motorcycle_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Agustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://www.harley-davidson.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchangehttp://www.nyse.com/about/listed/hog.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Harleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Davidson_(Harley-Davidson_founder)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,000,000,000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_Davidson#cite_note-zenobank-0%23cite_note-zenobank-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_Davidson#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buell_Motorcycle_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Agustahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://www.harley-davidson.com/


9/109

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_stuffinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee_stock_optionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York,_PAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York,_PAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_stuffinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee_stock_optionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York,_PA


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Xitlfq efx Mixkg|-Diuldqfo+ Loa/

@ixcgt Ai~ltiklzitlfo@ixcgt Ai~ $ @lkklfoq, 4+9>>/5>

Qmixgq Fwtqtiodlob 814/47Ekfit 818/9>

Uikwitlfo Xitlfq^xlag&Gixolobq 2/>>^xlag&Qikgq >/5/14

F~gxitlob ^xfelt @ixblo 0 GHLT & Qikgq

0994/87

Ogt ^xfelt @ixblo 0 Ogt Loaf`g & Qikgq

0259&4584

0 >/95

Xgtwxo fo Tftik Iqqgtq -XFI, 0 Ogt Loaf`g & Tftik Iqqgtq

0 259 & 4/97

Xgtwxo fo Gywlt| -XFG, 0 Ogt loaf`g & Tftik Qtfac mfkdgxq gywlt|


23/109

0 259 & 8/85

Gixolobq ^gx qmixg -G^Q, 0 Ogt loaf`g & Tftik qtfac mfkdgxq gywlt|

0 259 & 1>8

0 8/79,*9>>&7=>019/>14


24/109

1/2 Dlqafotlowgd F~gxitlfoq

Fo Jiowix| 88+ 9


25/109

4/ QTFAC

4/9 Io Lotxfdwatlfo tf Qtfac F~tlfoq

F~tlfoq fo qtfacq iod qtfac lodg}gq ixg dgxluitlug loqtxw`gotq/ Qtfac lougqtfxq

ì| wqg qtfac f~tlfoq tf mgdbg ibiloqt i ~xlag dgaklog+ tf kfac lo i ewtwxg ~wxamiqg ~xlag+

fx tf q~gawkitg fo tmg ewtwxg ~xlag fe i qtfac/ G`~kf|ggq ì| ikqf xgaglug qtfac f~tlfoq

tmxfwbm io g`~kf|gg af`~goqitlfo ~kio/ Efx g`~kf|ggq+ qtfac f~tlfoq xg~xgqgot tmg

~ftgotlik efx bxfrtm lo uikwg iod tmg ~fqqlhlklt| tmit tmg loaxgiqg lo uikwg rlkk hg ti}gd it

i eiufxihkg ai~ltikbiloq ti} xitg/

4/8 Tmg Hiqlaq fe Qtfac F~tlfoq

I qtfac f~tlfo lq gqqgotlikk| i afotxiat tmit blugq fog ~ixt| tmg xlbmt tf ~wxamiqg

fx qgkk i qtitgd ow`hgx fe qmixgq fe i qtfac it i q~galelgd ~xlag/ Tmg ~xlag it rmlam tmg

qmixgq ì| hg ~wxamiqgd fx qfkd lq cofro iq tmg qtxlcg fxg}gxalqg ~xlag/ Tmg xlbmt tf

g}gxalqg kiqtq efx i qtitgd ~gxlfd fe tl g+ rmlam ì| hg `fotmq fx |gixq+ wotlk

tmg g}~lxitlfo ditg/ Le oft g}gxalqgd fo fx hgefxg tmg g}~lxitlfo ditg+ tmg f~tlfo g}~lxgq/

F~tlfoq af`g lo trf efx`q: aikkq iod ~wtq/ I aikk f~tlfo blugq tmg f~tlfo ~wxamiqgx tmg

xlbmt tf hw| tmg wodgxk|lob qtfac/ I ~wt f~tlfo blugq tmg f~tlfo ~wxamiqgx tmg xlbmt tf

qgkk tmg wodgxk|lob qtfac/

I aikk f~tlfo lq uikwihkg tf tmg g}tgot tmit tmg g}gxalqg ~xlag lq hgkfr tmg ìxcgt

uikwg fe tmg wodgxk|lob qtfac/ Efx g}i`~kg+ le i qtfac lq txidlob it $9>> ~gx qmixg iod |fw

mfkd i aikk f~tlfo gotltklob |fw tf hw| tmg qtfac it $28 ~gx qmixg+ |fwx f~tlfo miq io

l``gdlitg uikwg tf |fw fe $9>> $28 0 $8=+ hgefxg ticlob lotf iaafwot io| ti}

afoqgywgoagq fx txioqiatlfo eggq/

I ~wt f~tlfo lq tmg `lxxfx lìbg fe i aikk f~tlfo/ I ~wt f~tlfo hgaf`gq `fxg

uikwihkg iq tmg ~xlag fe tmg qtfac `fugq hgkfr tmg g}gxalqg ~xlag/ Efx g}i`~kg+ le |fw

miug ~wxamiqgd i ~wt f~tlfo rltm i qtxlcg ~xlag fe $ iod tmg qtfac ~xlag `fugq tf $=>+

|fw ì| amffqg tf g}gxalqg tmg f~tlfo iod qgkk tmg wodgxk|lob qtfac it $ efx io

l``gdlitg woxgiklzgd ~gx qmixg bilo fe $ $=> 0 $9>/

Rltm hftm aikkq iod ~wtq+ tmg ~wxamiqgx fe tmg f~tlfo miq tmg xlbmt tf g}gxalqg+rmlkg tmg f~tlfo qgkkgx lq fhklbitgd tf xgq~fod le tmg f~tlfo lq g}gxalqgd/ Tmg f~tlfo

~wxamiqgx ~i|q io w~exfot egg cofro iq tmg ~xg`lw` tf tmg f~tlfo qgkkgx lo xgtwxo efx tmg

xlbmt fe g}gxalqg/ Tmg f~tlfo hw|gx miq i cofro lougqt`got xlqc le tmg f~tlfo g}~lxgq

wog}gxalqgd+ tmg ~wxamiqgx fe tmg f~tlfo xgafbolzgq tmg ~xg lw` ~ild iq i kfqq/

Afougxqgk|+ tmg f~tlfo qgkkgx wodgxticgq ~ftgotlikk| wokl`ltgd ìxcgt xlqc lo xgtwxo efx

tmg ~xg`lw` xgaglugd/


26/109

4/1 Af`~fogotq fe io F~tlfoq Uikwg

F~tlfo afotxiatq ixg txidgd fo xgbwkitgd ìxcgtq+ iod tmglx uikwgq ì| ekwatwitg

tmxfwbmfwt tmg txidlob di|/ Tmg ~xlag fe io f~tlfo it io| blugo tl`g lq hiqgd fo qgugxik

eiatfxq+ loakwdlob tmg awxxgot ~xlag fe tmg wodgxk|lob qtfac+ tmg ~xlag ufkitlklt| fe tmg

wodgxk|lob qtfac+ tmg tl`g tf ìtwxlt|+ iod lotgxgqt xitgq/

Lotxloqla uikwg tmg lotxloqla uikwg fe tmg f~tlfo lq tmg dleegxgoag hgtrggo tmg g}gxalqg

~xlag iod tmg ~xlag fe tmg wodgxk|lob qgawxlt|/ Io f~tlfo lq (lo tmg `fog|( rmgo tmg

lotxloqla uikwg lq ~fqltlug/

Ufkitlklt| ~ixt fe io f~tlfoq uikwg xgekgatq tmg ufkitlklt| fe tmg wodgxk|lob qgawxlt|/ Le

i qtfac ~xlag lq mlbmk| ufkitlkg+ tmgxg lq i xgkitlugk| bxgitgx amioag tmit tmg f~tlfo rlkk hg

(lo tmg `fog|( it g}~lxitlfo+ iod tmgxgefxg+ tmg f~tlfo rlkk aixx| i mlbmgx ~xg`lw` tmio

io f~tlfo fo i kgqq i ufkitlkg qtfac/

Tl`g uikwg tmg `fxg tl`g xgìlolob wotlk tmg g}~lxitlfo ditg fe tmg f~tlfo+ tmg bxgitgxtmg ~ftgotlik efx i qlbolelaiot amiobg tf faawx lo tmg ~xlag fe tmg wodgxk|lob qgawxlt| iod

tmg bxgitgx tmg uikwg fe tmg f~tlfo/ Tl`g uikwg dl`lolqmgq iq tmg g}~lxitlfo ditg fe tmg

f~tlfo i~~xfiamgq/

Lotgxgqt xitgq tmg f~tlfo ~xg`lw` lq i aiqm ~i|`got tmit aio hg lougqtgd h| tmg

f~tlfo qgkkgx tf bgogxitg lotgxgqt loaf`g/ Mlbmgx lotgxgqt xitgq ~xgqgot f~~fxtwoltlgq efx

~ftgotlikk| bxgitgx gixolobq fo tmg f~tlfo ~xg`lw`/

Lotxloqla uikwg+ ufkitlklt|+ iod tl`g uikwg aio qlbolelaiotk| ieegat io f~tlfoq ìxcgt

uikwg/ Io f~tlfo rltm io g}gxalqg ~xlag ihfug tmg awxxgot ìxcgt uikwg fe tmg wodgxk|lob

qgawxlt| ì| qtlkk miug afoqldgxihkg ~ftgotlik uikwg/

Efx g}i`~kg+ le |fw mfkd i aikk f~tlfo rltm io g}gxalqg ~xlag fe $28 iod tmgawxxgot qmixg ~xlag lq $573 |fwx f~tlfo rfwkd bgogxitg i kfqq le lt rgxg g}gxalqgd tfdi|/

Mfrgugx+ iq qtitgd ihfug+ f~tlfo afotxiatq t|~laikk| ixg uikld efx `fotmq fx |gixq+ wotlk

tmg qtitgd g}~lxitlfo ditg/ Tmg tl`g uikwg fe tmg aikk f~tlfo lq tmg ~ftgotlik tmit tmg qmixg

~xlag rlkk xlqg fugx tl`g iod gugotwikk| g}aggd tmg f~tlfo g}gxalqg ~xlag/

4/4 G`~kf|gg Qtfac F~tlfoq

G`~kf|gg qtfac f~tlfoq ixg aikk f~tlfoq bxiotgd h| io g`~kf|gx iq ~ixt fe io

g`~kf|gg af`~goqitlfo ~kio/ Tmgxg ixg trf ìlo t|~gq fe g`~kf|gg qtfac f~tlfoq:

loagotlug qtfac f~tlfoq iod ofoywiklelgd qtfac f~tlfoq/ Loagotlug qtfac f~tlfoq feegxq~galik loaf`g ti} hgogeltq tf tmg g`~kf|gg/

Io loagotlug qtfac f~tlfo LQF, `wqt `ggt i ow`hgx fe axltgxli tf ywikle| efx

eiufxihkg ti} txgit`got/ Iq kfob iq tmg qmixgq iaywlxgd tmxfwbm io LQF ixg mgkd efx it

kgiqt fog |gix efkkfrlob g}gxalqg iod ixg oft dlq~fqgd fe wotlk it kgiqt trf |gixq ietgx tmg

f~tlfo lq bxiotgd+ tmg dleegxgoag hgtrggo tmg f~tlfo ~xlag iod tmg qikg ~xlag lq ti}gd iq i

kfobtgx` bilo/ Tmg ti} lq i~~klgd it tmg qikg fe tmg qtfac/ Le |fw dfot `ggt tmg fog|gix


27/109

mfkdlob~gxlfd xgywlxg`got+ tmg txioqiatlfo lq afoqldgxgd i (dlqywikle|lob dlq~fqltlfo(

iod |fwx biloq ixg ti}gd iq fxdloix| loaf`g/

I ofoywiklelgd qtfac f~tlfo OQF, lq io f~tlfo tmit dfgqot `ggt tmg LQF

axltgxli/ Biloq fo OQFq ixg ti}gd iq fxdloix| loaf`g it tmg tl`g fe g}gxalqg/

4/7 Qtfac Ywftg fe Mixkg| Diuldqfo:

MFB - O\QG

4:98 ^@ GT Jwk 91 8>>/4>

1+

9=+718

$ 97/25

$ 95/5>

$ 2/7

Mixkg| Diuldqfoq qtfac miq hggo xgkitlugk| ekit fugx tmg kiqt 98 `fotmq iq irmfkg+ wodgx~gxefx`lob tmg Q%^ 7>>+ lodlaitlob tmg ìxcgt qgotl got tmit Mixkg|Diuldqfo rlkk oft hg ihkg tf ìlotilo ltq awxxgot bxfrtm txgod rmlam miq |lgkdgd xgafxd

xgugowgq+ ~xfeltq+ iod gixolobq ~gx qmixg giam |gix efx tmg ~iqt 9< |gixq/ Tmg 98 `fotmqtfac ~xlagq aio hg qggo lo Elbwxg 9+ ikfob rltm xgtwxoq fo tmg Q%^ 7>>/ Tmg qtfac miqhggo ywltg ufkitlkg fugx tmit ~gxlfd lodlaitlob tmit tmg ìxcgt iq io loqtltwtlfo ì| hgmiulob i mixd tl`g ìclob w~ ltq `lod ihfwt tmg ~xfq~gatq efx Mixkg| Diuldqfo/ Lo I~xlk8>>7 Mixkg| Diuldqfo qmixg ~xlagq dxf~~gd h| ogixk| 9&1 rmgo tmg af`~io| ioofwoagdtmit lt riq kfrgxlob ltq bwldioag fo `ftfxa|akg qml~`got bxfrtm dwg tf 95 loaxgiqlobk|akfbbgd xgtilk amioogkq iod hwlkdlob lougotfxlgq/ I trf |gix xgafxd fe Mixkg| Diuldqfoqmixg ~xlagq aio hg qggo lo Elbwxg 8/ Lo tmg ricg fe tmit ioofwoag`got ìo| ioik|qtqhgbio tf ~xgdlat dff` efx tmg af`~io|+ gq~galikk| efx ltq efwxtm ywixtgx/ Altlbxfw~ioik|qtq gugo ~xgdlatgd bxfrtm fe kgqq tmio 9' efx Mixkg|q `ftfxa|akg qml~`gotq lo tmgefwxtm ywixtgx+ gugo tmfwbm bwldioag exf` tmg af`~io|q ìoibg`got ~xgdlatgd bxfrtm

hgtrggo 4 iod 5 ~gxagot/ Mixkg| Diuldqfoq iatwik qml~`got bxfrtm riq rltmlo ltqbwldioag xiobg+ i `wam hgttgx xgqwkt tmio ìo| ioik|qtq mid ~xgdlatgd/


28/109

Mixkg| Diuldqfoq qtfac miq xgagotk| hggo txidlob it i qklbmt ~xg`lw` tf tmgqtfac fe Mfodi/ Mixkg| Diuldqfoq xgagot ~xlag tf gixolobq xitlf miq hggo 97/79 ugxqwq97/95 efx Mfodi/ Af`~ixihkg ^&G xitlfq iod qmixg ~xlagq rgxg oft iuilkihkg efx Qwzwcl fx\i`imi dwg tf tmg eiat tmit ogltmgx af`~io| lq txidgd lo WQ qtfac g}amiobgq/

Mixkg|-Diuldqfo Qtfac TxiacgxMFB - O\QG

Jwk 91 4:98 @ GT Jwk 91 1:49 @ GT

$ 95/7= =+119/5=

$ >/4> 9=7/95

1+ 878+>

$ 97/25 =+91>/48

$ 95/5> =+119/5=


29/109

9|gix qtfac ~xlag mlqtfx|

MFB QTFAC XG^FXT 8-\gix ^xlag Mlqtfx|,

MFB QTFAC XG^FXT 8-\gix ^xlag Mlqtfx|,

Xgagot ^xlag-2&95 4:>8^@,#=/4' ------------------- $9=/'@fqt Xgagot Dluldgod --------------------------------- $9/8


30/109


31/109

MFB DLULDGODQ

Rmgo dgtgx`lolob i af`~io|"q ewtwxg ~xfq~gatq efx qwaagqq+ Facmi` Xgqgixam qggqioik|qlq fe dluldgod ~i|`gotq iq i cg| iddltlfoik eiatfx/ Gugo tmfwbm lt lqo"t l`~gxitlugefx MFB tf qmgkk fwt i dluldgod lo fxdgx tf xgaglug i ~fqltlug xitlob+ lt aio hg mgk~ewk tfewxtmgx fwx ioik|qlq/

Tmg gqtlìtgd ioowik dluldgod efx MFB lq $>/4> ~xfdwalob i awxxgot dluldgod |lgkd fe8/42'/ @wam klcg fwx guikwitlfo fe Qikgq iod Aiqm Gixolobq ~gx qmixg+ rg xgulgrdluldgod |lgkdq exf` MFB ibiloqt tmg mlqtfxla mlbm iod kfr kgugkq fugx ikk iuilkihkgdluldgod mlqtfx|/ Hgaiwqg dluldgodq ixg i dgalqlfo ìdg g}akwqlugk| h| ìoibg`got+ rgulgr i mgiktm| iod xlqlob dluldgod iq i qlbo fe afoeldgoag iod qtxgobtm/ Tmg mlbmgqt

dluldgod |lgkd exf` MFB fugx ~xgulfwq |gixq riq 99/8=' rmlkg tmg kfrgqt dluldgod|lgkd riq >/8>'/ Lt lq ogugx i bffd qlbo efx i af`~io| tf ~i| qlbolelaiotk| kfrgxdluldgodq+ lo tmlq aiqg 75/


32/109

Mwìo Xgqfwxag@ioibg`got

7/ MW@IO XGQFWXAG @IOIBG@GOT MX@,

MX@ lq tmg qtxitgbla iod afmgxgot i~~xfiam tftmg ìoibg`got fe io fxbiolzitlfo"q `fqt uikwgd iqqgtq - tmg ~gf~kgrfxclob tmgxg rmf lodluldwikk| iod afkkgatlugk| afotxlhwtg tf tmgiamlgug`got fe tmg fhjgatlugq fe tmg hwqlogqq/ Tmg tgx`q (mwìoxgqfwxag ìoibg`got( iod (mwìo xgqfwxagq( MX, miug kixbgk|xg~kiagd tmg tgx` (~gxqfoogk ìoibg`got( iq i dgqaxl~tlfo fe tmg~xfagqqgq loufkugd lo ìoiblob ~gf~kg lo fxbiolzitlfoq/ Lo ql`~kgqgoqg+ MX@ `gioq g`~kf|lob ~gf~kg+ dgugkf~lob tmglx xgqfwxagq+wtlklzlob+ ìlotilolob iod af`~goqitlob tmglx qgxulagq lo twog rltm tmgjfh iod fxbiolzitlfoik xgywlxg`got/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management


33/109

Tmg Mwìo Xgqfwxagq @ioibg`got -MX@, ewoatlfo loakwdgq i uixlgt| feiatlultlgq+ iod cg| i`fob tmg` lq dgaldlob rmit qtieelob oggdq |fw miug iod rmgtmgx tfwqg lodg~godgot afotxiatfxq fx mlxg g`~kf|ggq tf elkk tmgqg oggdq+ xgaxwltlob iod txilolobtmg hgqt g`~kf|ggq+ goqwxlob tmg| ixg mlbm ~gxefx`gxq+ dgiklob rltm ~gxefxìoag lqqwgq+iod goqwxlob |fwx ~gxqfoogk iod ìoibg got ~xiatlagq afoefx` tf uixlfwq xgbwkitlfoq/

Iatlultlgq ikqf loakwdg ìoiblob |fwx i~~xfiam tf g`~kf|gg hgogeltq iod af`~goqitlfo+g`~kf|gg xgafxdq iod ~gxqfoogk ~fklalgq/ Wqwikk| qìkk hwqlogqqgq -efx~xfelt fxofo~xfelt, miug tf aixx| fwt tmgqg iatlultlgq tmg`qgkugq hgaiwqg tmg| aio"t |gt ieefxd ~ixtfx ewkktl`g mgk~/ Mfrgugx+ tmg| qmfwkd ikri|q goqwxg tmit g`~kf|ggq miug iod ixgirixg fe ~gxqfoogk ~fklalgq rmlam afoefx` tf awxxgot xgbwkitlfoq/ Tmgqg ~fklalgq ixgfetgo lo tmg efx` fe g`~kf|gg ìowikq+ rmlam ikk g`~kf|ggq miug/

Oftg tmit qf`g ~gf~kg dlqtlobwlqm i dleegxgoag hgtrggo MX@ -i ìjfxìoibg`got iatlult|, iod MXD -Mwìo Xgqfwxag Dgugkf~`got+ i ~xfegqqlfo,/ Tmfqg~gf~kg `lbmt loakwdg MX@ lo MXD+ g}~kilolob tmit MXD loakwdgq tmg hxfidgx xiobg feiatlultlgq tf dgugkf~ ~gxqfoogk loqldg fe fxbiolzitlfoq+ loakwdlob+ gb+ aixggx dgugkf~`got+

txilolob+ fxbiolzitlfo dgugkf~`got+ gta/

Tmgxg lq i kfobqtiodlob ixbw`got ihfwt rmgxg MXxgkitgd ewoatlfoq qmfwkd hgfxbiolzgd lotf kixbg fxbiolzitlfoq+ g/b/+ (qmfwkd MX hg lo tmg Fxbiolzitlfo Dgugkf~`gotdg~ixt`got fx tmg ftmgx ri| ixfwod6(

Tmg MX@ ewoatlfo iod MXD ~xfegqqlfo miug wodgxbfog txg`godfwq amiobg fugxtmg ~iqt 8>1> |gixq/ @io| |gixq ibf+ kixbg fxbiolzitlfoq kffcgd tf tmg (^gxqfoogkDg~ixt`got+( `fqtk| tf ìoibg tmg ~i~gxrfxc ixfwod mlxlob iod ~i|lob ~gf~kg/ @fxgxgagotk|+ fxbiolzitlfoq afoqldgx tmg (MX Dg~ixt`got( iq ~ki|lob i ìjfx xfkg lo qtieelob+txilolob iod mgk~lob tf ìoibg ~gf~kg qf tmit ~gf~kg iod tmg fxbiolzitlfo ixg ~gxefx`lob

it ì}l`w` ai~ihlklt| lo i mlbmk| ewkelkklob ìoogx/

7/9 Mixkg|-Diuldqfo MX@,

Ihqtxiat:

Tmg aiqg dlqawqqgq tmg mwìo xgqfwxag loltlitlugq idf~tgd h| Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfxAf`~io| -MD,+ tmg kgidlob ìoweiatwxgx fe mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akgq lo tmg WQ+tf goafwxibg bxgitgx g`~kf|gg ~ixtlal~itlfo iod afkkihfxitlfo/

Lo 9


34/109

kgidgxqml~ qt|kg fe ìoibg got/ Tmg aiqg ikqf dlqawqqgq ioftmgx ìjfx MXloltlitlug tmit MD l`~kg`gotgd lo 8>>43 tmg dg~kf|`got fe "Iaagotwxg MwìoAi~ltik Dgugkf~`got Exi`grfxc" -MADE,/

Tmlq loltlitlug riq wodgxticgo h| tmg af`~io| lo fxdgx tf hxlob ihfwt ìjfx

l`~xfug`gotq lo ltq mwìo xgqfwxag ewoatlfoq+ iod tmgxgh| ittilo l`~xfugd hwqlogqq~gxefxìoag/ Tmg aiqg dgqaxlhgq tmg MADE lo dgtilk iod tmg hgogeltq xgi~gd h| MD ietgxltq l`~kg`gotitlfo

Lotxfdwatlfo

Lo 8>>5+ Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io| -MD,+ tmg kgidlob ìoweiatwxgx fe mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akgq lo tmg Woltgd Qtitgq -WQ,+ l`~kg`gotgd tmg "Iaagotwxg MwìoAi~ltik Dgugkf~`got Exi`grfxc" -MADE,/

Tmlq loltlitlug riq wodgxticgo h| MD lo fxdgx tf hxlob ihfwt l`~xfug`gotq lo ltq

mwìo xgqfwxag -MX, ewoatlfoq+ iod tmgxgh| ittilo l`~xfugd hwqlogqq ~gxefxìoag/Tmlq riq tmg qgafod tl`g tmit tmg MADE exi`grfxc riq hglob l`~kg`gotgd lo tmgaf`~io|+ tmg elxqt tl`g hglob lo 8>>4/

Ioftmgx ìjfx MX loltlitlug tmit MD idf~tgd tf goafwxibg bxgitgx g`~kf|gg~ixtlal~itlfo iod afkkihfxitlfo lo 9


35/109

ìoibg`got/ G`~kf|ggq qmfwkd hg af`~xgmgoqlugk| txilogd lo q~galela ~xfhkg`qfkulob iod `gtmfdqfe ywiklt| afotxfk///

7/1 Mwìo Ai~ltik Dgugkf~`got Exi`grfxc

MD"q efawq fo hwqlogqq bxfrtm mid af`~gkkgd tmg MX ewoatlfo tf afoagotxitg`fxg fo xgaxwltlob/ Tmwq+ qf`g fe tmg ftmgx l`~fxtiot MX ~xiatlagq klcg ~gxefxìoagxgulgrq+ aixggx dgugkf~`got+ iod qwaagqqlfo ~kioolob mid ticgo i hiac qgit/ Tmlq axgitgdi dleelawkt qltwitlfo efx tmg ogr g`~kf|ggq rmf rgxg woirixg fe tmg awktwxg it MD/ Lotmg ihqgoag fe ~xfagqqgq iod ~xfbxi`q rmlam rfwkd mgk~ g`~kf|ggq tf l`~xfug iodbxfr+ MD riq afoexfotgd rltm tmg xlqc fe kfqlob ltq af`~gtltlugogqq/

7/4 G`~kf|gg Hgogelt ^kioq

Tmg Af`~io| miq qgugxik ofoafotxlhwtfx| dgelogd hgogelt ~goqlfo ~kioq afugxlob

qwhqtiotlikk| ikk g`~kf|ggq fe tmg @ftfxa|akgq qgb`got/ Hgogeltq ixg hiqgd ~xlìxlk| fo|gixq fe qgxulag iod+ efx agxtilo ~kioq+ kgugkq fe af`~goqitlfo/ Tmg Af`~io|q ~fkla|rltm xgq~gat tf tmg ~goqlfo ~kioq lq tf ewod ~goqlfo hgogeltq tf tmg g}tgot afotxlhwtlfoqixg dgdwatlhkg efx ti} ~wx~fqgq/

Tmg efkkfrlob diti lq ~xfuldgd efx tmg ~goqlfo ~kioq efx tmg |gixq lodlaitgd:

7/7 Xgafoalklitlfo fe ewodgd qtitwq:


36/109

Tmg ~xfulqlfoq fe Eloioalik Iaafwotlob Qtiodixdq Hfixd Qtitg`got Of/ =2+G`~kf|gxq Iaafwotlob efx ^goqlfoq+ xgywlxg tmg xgafboltlfo fe io iddltlfoik `lol`w`klihlklt| iod xgkitgd lotioblhkg iqqgt tf tmg g}tgot tmit iaaw`wkitgd hgogeltq g}aggd ~kioiqqgtq/ It Dgag`hgx 19+ 9


37/109

Loakwdgd lo ~kio iqqgtq ixg 471+>


38/109

Tmg rglbmtgd iugxibg mgiktm aixg afqt txgod xitg wqgd lo dgtgx lolob tmgiaaw`wkitgd ~fqtxgtlxg`got hgogelt fhklbitlfo fe tmg mgiktm aixg ~kioq riq =' lo 9


39/109

Lo dgtgx`lolob tmg geegat fe QEIQ Of/ 981+ tmg HkiacQamfkgq f~tlfo ~xlalob`fdgk riq wqgd rltm tmg efkkfrlob rglbmtgdiugxibg iqqw`~tlfoq efx 9


40/109

@IXCGTLOB


41/109

5/ @IXCGTLOB QTXITGBLGQ FE MIXKG\-DIULDQFO

Aiqg Dgtilkq:

Aiqg Afdg : @CTB924Aiqg Kgobtm : 9< ibgq^gxlfd : 92^wh Ditg : 8>>2Tgiamlob Oftg : Oft IuilkihkgFxbiolzitlfo : Mixkg|Diuldqfo

Lodwqtx| : Iwtf`fhlkg @ftfxa|akgAfwotxlgq : WQ

Ihqtxiat

Tmg aiqg dlqawqqgq tmg ìxcgtlob qtxitgblgq fe tmg WQhiqgd `ftfxa|akg ìoweiatwxgxMixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io| -MD,/ Lt dgtilkq tmg ìxcgtlob `l} gkg`gotq feMD loakwdlob ~xfdwat+ ~xlag+ dlqtxlhwtlfo iod ~xf`ftlfo qtxitgblgq fe tmg af`~io|/

Oftrltmqtiodlob tmg qwaagqq fe MD"q ìxcgtlob qtxitgblgq+ qf`g axltlaq rgxg fe tmgf~lolfo tmit MD riq oft efawqlob fo ltq afxg af`~gtgoa|+ l/g/ `ftfxa|akgq+ iod

qild tmit h| ~wttlob ltq kfbf fo qgugxik ~xfdwatq+ tmg af`~io| riq dlkwtlob ltqhxiod/ Ioik|qtq ikqf axltlalzgd MD"q dgikgxq+ qi|lob tmg| qtlkk mid i kfob ri| tf bflo ìlotilolob bffd xgkitlfoqml~q rltm tmg af`~io|"q awqtf`gxq/

5/9 Lqqwgq

Wodgxqtiod tmg uixlfwq ìxcgtlob `l} gkg`gotq fe MDAxltlaikk| ioik|zg MD"q `fug tf klagoqg qgugxik fe ltq ~xfdwatq iod rmgtmgx tmlq rlkk

kgid tf ltq hxiod dlkwtlfo fx oftI~~xgalitg tmg l`~fxtioag fe amioogk ~ixtogxq lo ìlotilolob bffd xgkitlfoqml~ rltm tmg

awqtf`gxq

Cg|rfxdq:

Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io|+ @ixcgtlob @l}+ ^xfdwat+ Mgiu|Rglbmt @ftfxa|akgq+^xlalob+ Dlqtxlhwtlfo+ Dgikgxqml~ Guikwitlfo Ofx`q+ ^xf`ftlfo+ Idugxtlqlob Qtxitgb|+


42/109

Hxiod L`ibg+ Hxiod Dlkwtlfo+ Awqtf`gx Xgkitlfoqml~ @ioibg got+ @ixcgtlob^mlkfqf~m|+ Dg`fbxi~mla ^xfelkg

5/8 Lotxfdwatlfo

Fo Jiowix| 92+ 8>>2+ WQ Xldgx Ogrq oi`gd Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io|"q-MD"q, "Qfetilk Awqtf`" `ftfxhlcg iq tmg (Hgqt Ogr Ofqtikbla Hlcg fe 8>>2(/ Iaafxdlobtf Qaftt Afamxio+ Gdltfx fe WQ Xldgx Ogrq+ (Tmg ogr 8>>2 Qfetilk Awqtf` xgaikkq tmgkffcq fe tmfqg H`fulg hlcgq fe tmg 9q/ I~g miobgx miodkghixq+ mgiulk| qtg~~gd clobiodywggo qgitq+ ~iddgd qlqq| hixq iod rldg efxcq rltm 89loam exfot rmggkq ikk q~gicufkw`gq tf tmg "Giq| Xldgx" qgt/ Hwt tmlq fwtkir af`gq lo ix`gd rltm Mixkg|"q `fqt`fdgxo iod ~frgxewk qtiodixd goblog tf ditg tmg Trlo Ai`


43/109

Dgag`hgx 8+ qtixtgd rfxclob lo i hla|akg eiatfx| it tmg ibg fe 97/Ixtmwx+ rmf riq Rlkkli`"q amlkdmffd exlgod+ ikqf qtixtgd rfxclob it i |fwob ibg/ Hftm fetmg` rgxg `gamiolaikk| loaklogd/ Tmg| ìoweiatwxgd tmglx elxqt `ftfxa|akg lo i 9>}97eggt rffdgo qmgd rltm i miodrxlttgo qlbo fo tmg dffx tmit xgid+ "Mixkg|Diuldqfo@ftfxa|akg Af`~io|"/ Tmg elxqt ~xfdwat kiwoamgd riq i xiagx hlcg/ Tmg af`~io|"q

f~gxitlfoq g}~iodgd xi~ldk| iod tmg trf rgxg kitgx jflogd h| Ixtmwx"q hxftmgx Riktgx/

Lo 95+ M-D qtixtgd i ogr 8=}=> eggt eiatfx| it Amgqtowt Qtxggt+rmlam kitgx ai`g tf hg cofro iq Jwogiw Iugowg/ H| tmgo+ tmgaf`~io|"q g`~kf|gg qtxgobtm mid loaxgiqgd tf ql} ewkk-tl`gg`~kf|ggq/ Lo tmg qi`g |gix+ tmg af`~io| ikqf ~xfdwagd ltq elxqt`ftfxa|akg aitikfb/

Fo Qg~tg`hgx 92+ 92+ tmg oi`g "Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io|" riqloafx~fxitgd/ Lo 9=+ MD qfkd tmg elxqt `ftfxa|akg efx ~fklag dwt| tf tmg Dgtxflt ^fklagDg~ixt`got lo @lamlbio lo tmg WQ/ Tmg Utrlo ~frgxgd `ftfxa|akg riq lotxfdwagd h|tmg af`~io| lo 9< iod efx tmg elxqt tl`g+ tmg af`~io| ikqf qtixtgd qgkklob `ftfxa|akg

q~ixg ~ixtq/ Tmg Utrlo ~frgxgd `ftfxa|akg riq tmg eiqtgqt `ftfxa|akg dwxlob tmfqgtl`gq iod afwkd txiugk it i q~ggd fe 5> `lkgq ~gx mfwx/ Tmg ~f~wkix "Hix % Qmlgkd" kfbfriq wqgd efx tmg elxqt tl`g lo 9 -Xgegx tf G}mlhlt L efx i ~latwxg fe tmlq kfbf,/ Lt riqtxidgìxcgd it tmg WQ îtgot feelag ietgx i |gix/

5/1 Tmg ^xfhkg`q

Lo tmg |gix 9~gxagot tf 94+>>> `ftfxa|akgq ~gx ioow`/ Mfrgugx+ tmg ywiklt| fe tmg `ftfxa|akgq riqfog iq~gat rmlam riq tftikk| lbofxgd/ Iddlob tf MD"q ~xfhkg`q+ Ji~iogqg ìoweiatwxgxq

hgbio ekffdlob tmg ìxcgt rltm mlbmywiklt|+ kfr~xlagd klbmt tf `gdlw rglbmt`ftfxa|akgq lo tmg 9q it i tl`g rmgo MD riq ìoweiatwxlob ìlok| mgiu|rglbmt`ftfxa|akgq/ Tmg af`~io| gixogd i hid oi`g efx ~ffx ywiklt| ~xfdwatq/ Afw~kgd rltmtmg af`~gtltlfo exf` tmg Ji~iogqg af`~iolgq hxfwbmt MD tf tmg ugxbg fe afkki~qg/

5/4 Tmg @ixcgtlob @l}

Lo fxdgx tf fugxaf`g tmg ~xfhkg`q tmit M-D eiagd lo tmg gixk|9q iod mgk~ tmg af`~io| xgbilo ltq ìxcgt qmixg+ i xgqtxwatwxlob~kio riq l`~kg`gotgd/ Tggxkloc dgugkf~gd io loofuitlug q|qtg`cofro iq Alxakgq fe @ioibg`got efx hxloblob hftm rfxcgxq iod dgikgxqtfbgtmgx iod loufkulob tmg` lo ticlob cg| dgalqlfoq xgkitlob tf tmg

af`~io|/ I ogr ìxcgtlob ~mlkfqf~m| riq dgugkf~gd hiqgd fo tmgdgqlxgq fe tmg awqtf`gxq iod M-D ìdg geefxtq tf ~fqltlfo `ftfxa|akgqiq i klegqt|kg ~xfdwat///

^xfdwatIt tmg tl`g rmgo M-D riq efx`gd+ lt feegxgd fok| bxg| afkfxgd`ftfxa|akg tf ltq awqtf`gxq iod ~xfuldgd tmxgg hiqla qt|kgq/ Mfrgugx+tmg af`~io| xgiklzgd tmit lo fxdgx tf qwxulug+ lt mid tf feegx ltq


44/109

awqtf`gxq `fxg amflag///

^xlalobM-D xgiklzgd tmit lt rfwkd oft hg ~fqqlhkg efx lt tf af`~gtg rltm tmgJi~iogqg ìoweiatwxgxq fo tmg ~xlalob exfot/ Tmlq riq hgaiwqg

ìoweiatwxgxq klcg Mfodi oft fok| ìoweiatwxgd i kfr-~xlagd mlbm-ywiklt| ~xfdwat+ hwt ikqf q~got mgiulk| fo idugxtlqlob tmglx ~xfdwatq/

DlqtxlhwtlfoM-D qtixtgd qgkklob ltq `ftfxa|akgq tmxfwbm ltq dgikgxq lo 94/ Tmg

af`~io|"q elxqt dgikgx riq AM Kiob fe Amlaibf+ Lkkloflq Xgegx tf G}mlhltLU efx tmg ow`hgx fe M-D"q ewkk-klog dgikgx fwtkgtq lo tmg WQ,/ Ikk tmgdgikgxq rgxg lodg~godgot lodluldwikq rltm i hwqlogqq fxlgotitlfo///

^xf`ftlfoFugx tmg dgaidgq+ M-D mid idf~tgd qgugxik qtxitgblgq tf ~xf`ftg ltq

`ftfxa|akg hxiod/ Tmg ~xfdwatq fe M-D rgxg qfkd tf xgtilk awqtf`gxqìlok| tmxfwbm dgikgx ~xf`ftlfoq+ awqtf`gx gugotq+ iod idugxtlqlobtmxfwbm oitlfoik tgkgulqlfo+ ~xlot+ xidlf+ dlxgat ìlklobq+ iod tmxfwbmidugxtlqlob fo tmg Lotgxogt/

5/7 Tmg Xfid Imgid

Tmfwbm M-D riq ihkg tf qwaagqqewkk| fugxaf`g tmg axlqlq rmlam midafoexfotgd tmg af`~io| dwxlob tmg gixk| 9q+ lt ai`g lo efx ~kgot|fe axltlalq` lo tmg ~xfagqq/

Lodwqtx| g}~gxtq axltlalzgd tmg af`~io|"q `fug tf klagoqg qgugxik fe ltq~xfdwatq/

Tmg| f~logd tmit M-D qmfwkd efawq fo ltq afxg af`~gtgoa| l/g/`ftfxa|akgq iod qild tmit h| ~wttlob ltq kfbf fo qgugxik ~xfdwatq+ tmgaf`~io| riq qgkklob fwt iod dlkwtlob ltq hxiod/

5/5 Qgb`gotitlfo iod Tixbgtlob

M-D mid efwx ìjfx ìxcgtlob fhjgatlugq/ Elxqt+ lt riotgd tfg}~iod ltq ~ftgotlik awqtf`gx hiqg tf loakwdg hftm gotmwqliqt iod ofo-

gotmwqliqt ieekwgot ìkgq lo tmg 17-44 ibg bxfw~/ Tmlq riq ~ixtk|iaaf`~klqmgd h| lotxfdwalob tmg U-XFD `fdgk tf tmg |fwobgxdg`fbxi~mla/

Qgafod+ M-D riotgd tf gomioag ltq ìxcgt qmixg h| tixbgtlob tmgelxqt tl`g hw|gxq fe `ftfxa|akgq/ Tmlxd+ lt riotgd tf qgt tmg i~~xf~xlitg~xlalob qtxitgb|+ rmlam i~~gikgd tf tmg tixbgt awqtf`gxq+ tmxfwbmìxcgt xgqgixam/


45/109

Rmgo M-D riq efx`gd+ lt fok| feegxgd fog afkfx fe `ftfxa|akg -bxi| iod tmxgg hiqla qt|kgq/ Kitgx+ tmg af`~io| hgbio tf feegx iuixlgt| fe `fdgkq+ loakwdlob Q~fxtqtgxq+ Qw~gx Bkldgq+ Kfr Xldgxq+Qfetilkq+ Q~fxt Bkldgq+ Tfwx Bkldgq iod Gkgatxi Bkldgq+ lo ow`gxfwq ululdafkfxq/ @io| fe tmgqg `fdgkq rgxg dgugkf~gd rmgo M-D xgiklzgd ltq

awqtf`gxq rgxg awqtf`lzlob tmg hlcgq hwt tmgqg iddltlfoik xgugowgqrgxg oft af`lob tf tmg af`~io|/

Lo 9


46/109

5/2 Idugxtlqlob % ^xf`ftlfo

M-D"q `ixcgtlob af``wolaitlfoq `l} mid gufkugd fugx tl`g/ Lo tmggixk| 9>tm ioolugxqix|/


47/109

Tmg af`~io| mid dgaldgd fo i > lo 8>>1///

Mfr Mixkg|-Diuldqfo"q @ixcgtlob qtxitgb| miq Fugxaf`g Elgxag Af`~gtltlfo exf`

Efxglbo Af`~iolgq

Iq ìo| gotmwqliqtq ì| dgqaxlhg lt+ tmg ~xldg fe frolob i Mixkg|Diuldqfo lq tmg ~xldgfe frolob io "I`gxlaio Lafo"/ Mixkg|Diuldqfo"q -MD, ~fqltlfolob qtxitgb| aio hgqt hgdgelogd h| ltq `lqqlfo qtitg`got: (Rg ewkelkk dxgi q tmxfwbm tmg g}~gxlgoag fe`ftfxa|aklob h| ~xfuldlob tf `ftfxa|aklqtq iod tf tmg bgogxik ~whkla io g}~iodlob klogfe `ftfxa|akgq+ iod hxiodgd ~xfdwatq iod qgxulagq lo qgkgatgd ìxcgt qgb`gotq/( Ofr loltq 9>>tm |gix+ mfrgugx+ tmg ldgik fe frolob io "I`gxlaio Lafo" miq qkfrk| drlodkgd fwtfe tmg ~whkla"q `lod+ dwg `fqtk| tf tmg af`~gtltlfo exf` Ji~iogqg ìoweiatwxgxq klcgMfodi iod \iìmi/ MD"q qtxgobtm"q fe ltq ~frgxewk hxiod lìbg+ ìlotilolob bffdawqtf`gx xgkitlfoqml~q+ qtxfob eloioalik ~fqltlfo+ iod qw~gxlfxlt| fe tgamofkfb| ioddgqlbo ixg mlodgxgd h| ltq rgicogqqgq xgkitgd tf ~xfdwat ai~ialt| iod woewkelkkgd dgìod

efx tmglx ~xfdwatq8/

5/< Qtxitgbla Dlxgatlfo iod @ixcgtlob Fhjgatlugq

MD miq amfqgo tmg qtxitgbla dlxgatlfo fe tixbgtlob i |fwobgx ìxcgt tmit lqtgamofkfblaikk| afoqalfwq lo fxdgx tf loaxgiqg ltq qmixg lo tmg ~gxefxìoag axwlqgx ìxcgtq~iag/ Rltm tmg lotxfdwatlfo fe tmg ogr UXfd `ftfxa|akg+ MD lq lo i ~fqltlfo feittilolob i qlzgihkg qmixg lo tmg ~gxefxìoag axwlqgx ìxcgt~kiag/ Tf tixbgt tmg |fwobgxìxcgt rltm tmg ogr ~xfdwat klog+ tmg af`~io| miq idf~tgd tmg efkkfrlob ìxcgtlob

fhjgatlugq: tf g}~iod ltq awxxgot ìxcgt -ìxcgt g}~ioqlfo,+ dlugxqle| ltq ~xfdwat klog-~xfdwat dlugxqlelaitlfo,+ iod `fdle| ltq ìxcgtlob `l} tf tixbgt i |fwobgx dg`fbxi~mla/

Dwxlob tmg 9"q+ MD riq eialob i dgaklog lo ìxcgt qmixg dwg tf loaxgiqgd af`~gtltlforltm Ji~iogqg af`~iolgq/ H| ~miqlob fwt rgic `fdgkq+ hgaf`lob `fxg qgkgatlug+ iodkl`ltlob qikgq iod ~xf`ftlfoq+ MD riq ihkg tf aixug fwt i olamg lo tmg ìxcgt~kiag rmlamlt gojf|q tfdi|1/ Ofr ibilo eiagd rltm i ~gxlfd fe dgaklog+ MD lq xgk|lob fo ltq ogrk|idf~tgd ìxcgtlob fhjgatlugq/ Elxqt+ MD oggdq tf g}~iod ltq ~ftgotlik awqtf`gx hiqg tfloakwdg gotmwqliqtq iod ofogotmwqliqtq ìkgq lo tmg 1744 ibg bxfw~/ -LOQGXT@GDLI@IXC DITI MGXG, Tmlq lq iaaf`~klqmgd tmxfwbm tmg lotxfdwatlfo fe tmg UXfd iod ~fqltlfolob lt lo tmg ìxcgt tf i |fwobgx dg`fbxi~mla/ Qgafodk|+ MD oggdq tf~fqltlfo tmg UXfd tf ikqf i~~gik tf elxqt tl`g hw|gxq fe `ftfxa|akgq/ MD"q qtxfob hxiodldgotlt| aio mgk~ ~wkk lo ogr aklgotq/ Tmlxd+ MD miq tf qgt io i~~xf~xlitg ìxcgtlob `l}tmit rlkk mgk~ ittxiat i |fwobgx afoqw`gx hiqg/ H| wqlob tmg kfrgod i~~xfiam+ rmlamloufkugq ittxiatlob i |fwob iwdlgoag tf i hxiod oi`g ~xfdwat rltm i kfr ~xlag tib-ql`lkix tf rmit Jibwix iod H@R miug dfog,+ MD aio g}~iod ltq ~f~wkixlt| tf tmgdf`gqtla iod lotgxoitlfoik ìxcgt/

5/9>@ixcgtlob @l} Gkg`gotq


48/109

Efx Mixkg|Diuldqfo"q ìxcgtlob fhjgatlugq tf hg qwaagqqewk+ tmg af`~io| miq tfl`~kg`got tmg efwx gkg`gotq fe i ìxcgtlob `l} efx tmg UXfd/ Tmgqg efwx gkg`gotq ixgqtxitgblgq tmit loufkug tmg ~xfdwat+ ~xlalob+ ~xf`ftlfo+ iod dlqtxlhwtlfo/

Tmg ~xfdwat qtxitgb| lq io| dgalqlfo tmit mgk~q tmg af`~io| afotlowg tf dgugkf~ ogr~xfdwatq ixfwod ltq qlboitwxg I`gxlaio lìbg iod ~fqltlfoq tmg af`~io| lo tmg ìxcgtiq qwam/ Tmg ìlo xgiqfo efx tmg lotxfdwatlfo fe tmg UXfd riq tmg oggd tf axgitg i hlcgtmit rfwkd i~~gik tf i |fwobgx dg`fbxi~mla iod ittilo i bxgitgx ìxcgt qmixg efx tmgaf`~io|/ H| wqlob tmg kfrgod tixbgtlob `gtmfd -iq dlqawqqgd ~xgulfwqk|, rltm tmglotxfdwatlfo fe tmg UXfd+ tmlq aio hg afoqldgxgd MD"q elxqt qtg~ tfrixd l`~kg`gotlob ltqqtxitgbla iod ìxcgtlob fhjgatlugq/

Iq efx tmg ~xlalob qtxitgb|+ MD `wqt hg aixgewk tf l`~kg`got i ~xlalob dgalqlfo hiqgd fotmg kfrgod tixbgtlob `gtmfd/ ^xlagd it $92+>>> @QX^+ MD"q UXfd miq tmg qgafodmlbmgqt ~xlag tib lo tmg ~gxefxìoag axwlqgx ìxcgt/ Iktmfwbm MD dfgq miug i 88' qmixg

fe tmg tftik ìxcgt+ MD"q ~xlalob qtxitgb| miq tmxgg ìlo eiatfxq tmit miug loekwgoagd mfrlt miq ~xlagd tmg UXfd: 9, tmg wqgd `ftfxa|akg ìxcgt+ 8, kfrgx ~xlagd `ftfxa|akgq+ iod1, MD"q loihlklt| tf cgg~ w~ rltm dgìod4/ Lo fxdgx efx MD tf ittilo i bxgitgx ìxcgtqmixg+ tmg af`~io| `wqt g}i`log mfr tmgqg tmxgg eiatfxq rlkk afotlowikk| ~ki| i xfkg lo~xlalob iod idjwqt iaafxdlobk|/

Tmg Mixkg|Diuldqfo Afx~fxitlfo miq efwod `wktl~kg ri|q tf l`~kg`got ltq ~xf`ftlfoqtxitgb|/ MD"q ~xlìx| ~xf`ftlfoik tffk qloag 9


49/109

Hgefxg tmg ìxcgtlob ~kio iod qtxitgb| efx MD aio hg lotxfdwagd+ io ioik|qlq fe tmgtl`lob it rmlam tmg ~kio lq tf hg l`~kg`gotgd+ tmg afqt iod xgtwxo fe tmg ~kio iod tmgeggdhiac loufkugd lo afotlowikk| l`~xfulob tmg ~xfdwat `wqt hg dfog/

Tmg `fqt qtxitgbla tl`lob efx tmg ~kio lq it ~gic hw|lob qgiqfoq qwam iq ixfwod hlcgdg`f gugotq iod qgiqfoik qmf~~lob/ Lt lq it tmgqg tl`gq tmit ~gf~kg ixg `fqt lotgxgqtgd loogr ~xfdwatq klcg tmg UXfd iod `fxg klcgk| tf miug tmg iqqgtq tf ~wxamiqg tmg ~xfdwat/Tmg afqt fe l`~kg`gotlob tmg ìxcgtlob ~kio lq bflob tf hg xgkitgd tf tmg iqqgtq loufkugdlo tmg dgugkf~`got iod xgqgixam+ iq rgkk iq tmg ~xfdwatlfo fe tmg UXfd iod tmg~xf`ftlfo&idugxtlqlob loufkugd lo ìclob tmg UXfd cofro tf `ftfxa|aklqtq iod ofogotmwqliqtq/

Tmg f~tlìk xgtwxo tmit lq dgqlxgd exf` tmg l`~kg`gotitlfo fe tmg ìxcgtlob ~kio lq iqlzgihkg iod ~xfeltihkg qmixg lo tmg ~gxefxìoag axwlqgx ìxcgt/ I qwhqtiotlik qmixg lo tmgìxcgt rfwkd hg ittxlhwtgd tf MD"q qtxitgbla ~kio fe ittxiatlob ogr "kfrgod" hw|gxq/ Tmlq

bxfw~ fe hw|gxq lq i |fwobgx dg`fbxi~mla af`~ixgd tf MD"q txidltlfoik afoqw`gx hiqg/Ittilolob qwam i bxfw~ rfwkd `fqt agxtilok| bwixiotgg MD ewtwxg hwqlogqq h| ittg`~tlobtf bilo hxiod kf|ikt|/

Tmg `fqt l`~fxtiot iq~gat fe wodgxqtiodlob tmg ewoatlfoiklt| fe tmg ìxcgtlob ~kio lq tmgeggdhiac loufkugd exf` tmg afoqw`gx/ Tf af`~xgmgod rm| fx rm| oft i agxtilo iq~gatfe tmg ìxcgtlob `l} lq rfxclob+ afoqw`gxq fe tmg ~xfdwat `wqt hg ikkfrgd tf blug tmglxlo~wt/ Afotlowik iod geelalgot w~ticg fe diti exf` tmg awqtf`gx+ rmgtmgx tmxfwbm qwxug|qfx ywgqtlfooilxgq fx io| ftmgx tgamolywg lq axltlaik lo fxdgx tf qgg rmgtmgx tmg ìxcgtlob~kio l`~kg`gotgd lq rfxclob iaafxdlobk| iq ~kioogd/

5/98 ~xfagqq diti `fdgk fe ìxcgt qgb`gotitlfo


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2/ AFX^FXITG BFUGXOIOAG ^FKLA\- MIXKG\ DIULDQFO

LOA

Tmg Mixkg|Diuldqfo Hfixd fe Dlxgatfxq iod `ioibg`got hgklgug tmit tmgAf`~io|+ lo tmg lotgxgqtq fe ltq qticgmfkdgxq+ qmfwkd g`hxiag afx~fxitg bfugxoioag~xiatlagq lo cgg~lob rltm fwx kgidgxqml~ ~fqltlfo lo fwx hwqlogqq iod awxxgot kgblqkitlfoiod xwkgq/ Tmg Af`~io|q ~fklalgq fe afx~fxitg bfugxoioag `wqt hg xfftgd lo iodafoqlqtgot rltm ltq Hwqlogqq ^xfagqq/ Tmg Of loitlob iod Afx~fxitg BfugxoioagAf``lttgg fe tmg Hfixd miq hggo g`~frgxgd h| ltq amixtgx tf afotlowfwqk| xgulgrafx~fxitg bfugxoioag ~xiatlagq fe tmg Af`~io| iod tf `icg xgaf``goditlfoq tf tmg

Hfixd tf iqqwxg tmg Af`~io|q kgidgxqml~ lo tmlq ixgi/ Tmg Of`loitlob iod Afx~fxitgBfugxoioag Af``lttgg xg~fxtq ltq elodlobq iod xgaf``goditlfoq tf tmg Hfixd efx iatlfo/Tmg Af`~io| hgklgugq ltq kgidgxqml~ lo tmg afx~fxitg bfugxoioag ixgi lq guldgot lo tmg~xiatlagq `gotlfogd lo tmlq ~fkla| hffc/

2/9 QW@@IX\ FE QLBOLELAIOT IAAFWOTLOB ^FKLALGQ


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-i,^XLOAL^KGQ FE AFOQFKLDITLFO IOD HIQLQ FE ^XGQGOTITLFO Tmgafoqfklditgd eloioalik qtitg`gotq loakwdg tmg iaafwotq fe Mixkg|Diuldqfo+ Loa/ iod ikk feltq qwhqldlixlgq -tmg Af`~io|,+ loakwdlob tmg iaafwotq fe Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfxAf`~io| -MD@A,+ Gibkgìxc Eloioalik Qgxulagq+ Loa/ -Gibkgìxc,+ iod Mfkldi|Xi`hkgx KKA -Mfkldi| Xi`hkgx,/ Ikk qlbolelaiot lotgx af`~io| iaafwotq iod

txioqiatlfoq ixg gkl`loitgd/ Iq dlqakfqgd lo Oftg 1+ tmg f~gxitlfoq fe Mfkldi| Xi`hkgxixg akiqqlelgd iq dlqafotlowgd f~gxitlfoq/

Tmg Af`~io| miq io lougqt got rmlam lq iaafwotgd efx wqlob tmg gywlt| `gtmfd/Iaafxdlobk|+ tmg Af`~io|q qmixg fe tmg ogt gixolobq -kfqqgq, fe tmlq gotlt| lq loakwdgd loafoqfklditgd ogt loaf`g/

-h,WQG FE GQTL@ITGQ Tmg ~xg~ixitlfo fe eloioalik qtitg`gotq lo afoefx`lt| rltmbgogxikk| iaag~tgd iaafwotlob ~xloal~kgq xgywlxgq ìoibg`got tf ìcg gqtlìtgq iodiqqw`~tlfoq tmit ieegat tmg i`fwotq xg~fxtgd lo tmg eloioalik qtitg`gotq iodiaaf`~io|lob oftgq/ Iatwik xgqwktq afwkd dleegx exf` tmfqg gqtlìtgq/

AIQM IOD AIQM GYWLUIKGOTQ Tmg Af`~io| afoqldgxq ikk mlbmk| klywldlougqt`gotq ~wxamiqgd rltm io fxlbloik ìtwxlt| fe tmxgg `fotmq fx kgqq tf hg aiqmgywluikgotq/

-d,ELOIOAG XGAGLUIHKGQ LOAF@G XGAFBOLTLFO Lotgxgqt loaf g foeloioag xgagluihkgq lq xgafxdgd iq gixogd iod lq hiqgd fo tmg iugxibg fwtqtiodlob dilk|hikioag efx rmfkgqikg iod xgtilk xgagluihkgq/ Iaaxwgd lotgxgqt lq akiqqlelgd rltm eloioagxgagluihkgq/ Agxtilo kfio fxlbloitlfo afqtq ixg dgegxxgd iod i`fxtlzgd fugx tmg gqtlìtgdkleg fe tmg xgkitgd xgagluihkg iq i xgdwatlfo lo eloioalob xgugowg/

-g,ELOIOAG XGAGLUIHKGQ AXGDLT KFQQGQ Tmg ~xfulqlfo efx axgdlt kfqqgq foeloioag xgagluihkgq lq amixbgd tf loaf`g lo i`fwotq qweelalgot tf ìlotilo tmg ikkfrioagefx woafkkgatlhkg iaafwotq it i kgugk ìoibg`got hgklgugq lq idgywitg tf afugx tmg kfqqgqfe ~xloal~ik iod lotgxgqt lo tmg g}lqtlob ~fxtefklf/ Tmg Af`~io|q rmfkgqikg kfio amixbgfee ~fkla| lq hiqgd fo i kfioh|kfio xgulgr/ Xgtilk xgufkulob amixbg xgagluihkgq ixgamixbgd fee it tmg gixklgx fe 9=> di|q afotxiatwikk| ~iqt dwg fx rmgo ftmgxrlqg dgg`gd tfhg woafkkgatlhkg/ Xgtilk loqtikk`got xgagluihkgq ixg bgogxikk| amixbgd fee it 98> di|qafotxiatwikk| ~iqt dwg/

2/8XGTILK LOQTIKK@GOT KFIOQ QFKD RLTM KL@LTGD XGAFWXQG3

QGAWXLTLZITLFO IOD QGXULALOB LOAF@G

Dwxlob 9


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Gibkg`ixc idf~tgd Qtitg`got fe Eloioalik Iaafwotlob Qtiodixdq -QEIQ, Of/ 987+Iaafwotlob efx Txioqegxq iod Qgxulalob fe Eloioalik Iqqgtq iod G}tlobwlqm`got feKlihlkltlgq+ geegatlug Jiowix| 9+ 9


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dlkwtgd gixolobq ~gx qmixg rltm hiqla iod dlkwtgd gixolobq ~gx qmixg/ Woklcg ~xl`ix|gixolobq ~gx qmixg+ hiqla gixolobq ~gx qmixg g}akwdg io| ofougqtgd qtfac/ Dlkwtgdgixolobq ~gx qmixg ixg ugx| ql`lkix tf tmg ~xgulfwqk| dgelogd ewkk| dlkwtgd gixolobq ~gxqmixg/ Dwxlob 9


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=/ XFDWAT KLOG

9>q99 Rlkkli` Q/ Mixkg|+ ibg 89+ af`~kgtgq i hkwg~xlot dxirlob fe io goblog

dgqlbogd tf elt lotf i hla|akg/

91 Rlkkli` Q/ Mixkg| iod Ixtmwx Diuldqfo ìcg iuilkihkg tf tmg ~whkla tmg elxqt~xfdwatlfo Mixkg|-Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akg/ Tmg hlcg riq hwlkt tf hg i xiagx+

rltm i 1-9&= loam hfxg iod 1-9&8 loam qtxfcg/ Tmg eiatfx| lo rmlam tmg|rfxcgd riq i 9> } 97-efft rffdgo qmgd rltm tmg rfxdq (Mixkg|-Diuldqfo@ftfx Af`~io|( axwdgk| qaxirkgd fo tmg dffx/ Ixtmwx"q hxftmgx Riktgx kitgxjfloq tmglx geefxtq/

Mgox| @g|gx fe @lkriwcgg+ i qamffk|ixd ~ik fe Rlkkli` Q/ Mixkg| iod IxtmwxDiuldqfo+ hw|q fog fe tmg 91 `fdgkq dlxgatk| exf` tmg efwodgxq/

94 Tmg elxqt Mixkg|-Diuldqfo Dgikgx+ A/M/ Kiob fe Amlaibf+ LK+ f~goq efxhwqlogqq iod qgkkq fog fe tmg elxqt tmxgg ~xfdwatlfo Mixkg|-Diuldqfo`ftfxa|akgq gugx ìdg/

97 Fo Jwk| 4tm+ i M-D `ftfxa|akg rloq i 97 `lkg xiag lo Amlaibf rltm i tl`g fe98/ Lo @lkriwcgg+ tmg elxqt ewkk-tl`g g`~kf|gg lq mlxgd/

95 I ogr eiatfx|+ `giqwxlob 8= } => eggt+ lq hwlkt fo tmg Amgqtowt Qt/ qltg+ kitgxxgoi`gd Jwogiw Iugowg/ Qtiee qlzg lq loaxgiqgd tf ql} ewkk-tl`g g`~kf|ggq/Ikqf+ tmg elxqt `ftfxa|akg aitikfb lq ~xfdwagd h| tmg Af`~io| iod tmgolacoi`g (Qlkgot Bxi| Egkkfr( lq wqgd efx tmg elxqt tl`g/

92 Rlkkli` I/ Diuldqfo+ hxftmgx tf Ixtmwx iod Riktgx Diuldqfo+ ywltq mlq jfh iqtffk efxgìo efx tmg @lkriwcgg Xfid xilkxfid iod jfloq tmg @ftfx Af`~io|/
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Mixkg|-Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io| lq loafx~fxitgd fo Qg~tg`hgx 92tm/ Tmgqtfac lq q~klt efwx ri|q hgtrggo tmg efwx efwodgxq+ iod qtiee qlzg miq `fxgtmio dfwhkgd exf` tmg ~xgulfwq |gix tf glbmtggo g`~kf|ggq/ Eiatfx| qlzg lqdfwhkgd iq rgkk/ Dgikgx xgaxwlt`got hgbloq+ tixbgtlob tmg Ogr Gobkiodxgblfo/

9= Riktgx Diuldqfo qafxgq i ~gxegat 9+>>> ~flotq it tmg 2tm Ioowik Egdgxitlfofe I`gxlaio @ftfxa|aklqtq Godwxioag iod Xgklihlklt| Afotgqt/ Tmxgg di|q

ietgx tmg afotgqt+ Riktgx qgtq tmg EI@ gafof`| xgafxd it 9==/814 `lkgq~gx bikkfo/ Rfxd fe Mixkg|-Diuldqfo"q g}txg`gk| tfwbm `ftfxa|akg q~xgidqxi~ldk|/

Tmg elxqt `ftfxa|akg qfkd efx ~fklag dwt| lq dgklugxgd tf tmg Dgtxflt+ @L+^fklag Dg~ixt`got/

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9q9 Tmg ei`gd (Hix % Qmlgkd( kfbf lq wqgd efx tmg elxqt tl`g/ Lt lq txidg`ixcgd

it tmg W/Q/ ^itgot feelag fog |gix kitgx/

It kgiqt qgugo dleegxgot elxqt ~kiag elolqmgq ixg ai~twxgd it xiagq+ godwxioagafotgqtq iod mlkk akl`hq iaxfqq I`gxlai/ Ikk qgugo rloogxq ixg xldlob Mixkg|-Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akgq/

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9 Hlkk Diuldqfo+ Jx/ rloq tmg Jiac ^log godwxioag afotgqt rltm >/ Ikk lodluldwik akiqq rloogxq ixg xldlob Mixkg|-Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akgq/

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Tmg EK qgxlgq ~xg`lgxgq/

9+ i `ftfxa|akg rltm mfxlzfotikk| f~~fqgd a|klodgxq iod qmiet dxlug+dgqlbogd efx dgqgxt wqg/ Tmg afotxiat lq aioagkkgd gixk| dwg tf rix af`hit

`fulob fwt fe Ofxtm Iexlai/ Fok| 9+>99 ]I"q ixg hwlkt/

9> RKI`fdgkq efx `lkltix| wqg/ Riqtlob of tl`g+ ~xfdwatlfo fe alulklio `ftfxa|akgqxgqw`gq lo Ofug`hgx/

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9 |gixq--I`gxlaio `idg/( I `gdikklfo ugxqlfofe tmlq kfbf lq ~kiagd fo tmg exfot egodgxq fe tmg 9>+ tmg tf~ 94elolqmgxq ixg ikqf xldlob Mixkg|-Diuldqfo 27> CX `fdgkq/

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9 ~gxagot fe tmg qtfac lo tmg Tfìmirc Hfit@ioweiatwxlob Af`~io|/ M-D xgafbolzgq tmg xlqlob xgkguioag fe elhgxbkiqq lo`ftfxa|akg ~xfdwatlfo+ iod hgbloq ìoweiatwxlob ltq fro af`~fogotq/ Iq ixgqwkt+ tmg Tfìmirc Dlulqlfo lq gqtihklqmgd iod lq f~gxitlfoik iq i Mixkg|-

Diuldqfo eialklt| h| 9 efx Mixkg|-Diuldqfo+ibilo fo i 27> CX `ftfxa|akg/

9>ulatfxlgq fo i 27> CX/

Tmg tmxgg-rmggkgd Qgxul-Aix hgaf`gq tmg ugx| elxqt Mixkg|-Diuldqfo`ftfxa|akg tf xgaglug io gkgatxla qtixtgx/

9aa Q~xlot AX xialob goblog+ BgfxbgXfgdgx qmittgxq tmg q~ggd xgafxdq efx Akiqq I iod Akiqq A xwoq+ iugxiblob922 `lkgq ~gx mfwx/

Mixkg|-Diuldqfo dlxt txiac xiagx Hixt @ixcgk rloq tmg I@I Bxiod OitlfoikAmi`~lfoqml~ lo 9 Qw~gx Bkldg+ rmlam af`hlogd i q~fxt| exfot god ql`lkix tf tmit fetmg ]K qgxlgq, rltm tmg exi`g iod ~frgxtxilo fe tmg EK qgxlgq/ I ogr akiqq

fe `ftfxa|akg+ tmg axwlqgx+ lq hfxo/
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Elxqt |gix fe Mixkg|-Diuldqfo qofr`fhlkg ~xfdwatlfo/

9 dghwtq/ Lthgaf`gq tmg df`loiot dlxt txiac xiagx tmxfwbm tmg og}t tmxgg dgaidgq/ Dlxttxiac xiagx @ixc Hxgkqefxd rloq tmg I@I Bxiod Oitlfoik Ami`~lfoqml~ fo

tmg ]X-27> tmlq |gix/

9>+>>> qywixg efft ~kiot lo \fxc+ ^goo/ Ikk ftmgx ~xfdwatlfof~gxitlfoq xg`ilo lo @lkriwcgg iod Tf`imirc/ Tmg Ai~ltfk Dxlug ~kiot lo@lkriwcgg hgbloq ~xfdwatlfo fe goblogq/

9 awhla loam goblog/

Tmg E]RB Rldg Bkldg lq lotxfdwagd efx tmg 9 `fdgk |gix/

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Qaftt ^ixcgx hgbloq xialob efx tgi` Mixkg|-Diuldqfo fo tmg I@I dlxt txiacalxawlt/ Mg rlkk hgaf`g tmg `fqt qwaagqqewk xiagx lo Mixkg|-Diuldqfo mlqtfx|+iaaw`wkitlob |gix ~gxlfd/

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^frgxtxilo F~gxitlfoq it Ai~ltfk Dxlug g}~iodgd ltq ai~ialt| h| `fulob EKgoblog iod txioq`lqqlfo ~xfdwatlfo tf i ogrk| ~wxamiqgd ~kiot kfaitgd lo@gof`fogg Eikkq/ ]K goblogq iod txioq`lqqlfoq+ iq rgkk iq Bgowlog îxtq@ioweiatwxlob+ xgìlo it Ai~ltfk Dxlug/

I ogr 11>+>>>-qy/-et/ ~kiot lo Cioqiq Alt| ~xfdwagq ltq elxqt Q~fxtqtgx/

9> ~kwq xldgxq ixgrix`k| xgaglugd h| @lkriwcgg tf mgk~ rltm tmg agkghxitlfo/

I ogr iqqg`hk| eialklt| f~goq lo @ioiwq+ Hxizlk+ tmg elxqt f~gxitlfoq fwtqldgfe tmg W/Q/

Mixkg|-Diuldqfo hw|q i xgìlolob 4


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@fxg tmio 87>+>>> ~gf~kg af`g tf @lkriwcgg efx tmg eloik qtf~ fe tmg F~goXfid Tfwx iod tmg Mixkg|-Diuldqfo 9>>tm Ioolugxqix| Agkghxitlfo iod^ixt|/

8>>4 Efx tmg 8>>4 `fdgk |gix+ tmg Q~fxtqtgx ei`lk| `fdgkq xgaglug xwhhgxgoblog `fwotlob+ i ogr exi`g+ iod i rldgx xgix tlxg/ Qf`g Q~fxtqtgx

`fdgkq xgaglug i xgdgqlbogd biq tioc/

Tmg EKMXQL Xfid Clob Awqtf` lq lotxfdwagd/ Rltm ltq kfr xgix qwq~goqlfoiod rldg miodkghixq+ tmg EKMXQL hxlobq i hgiam kffc tf i akiqqla Mixkg|-Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akg/

Iodxgr Mlogq fe tmg Qaxgi`lo" Gibkg&Uioag % Mlogq Mixkg|-Diuldqfo dxibxialob tgi` akloamgq mlq elxqt OMXI ^frgxidg ^xf Qtfac @ftfxa|akg

Ami`~lfoqml~ it ibg 89+ tmg |fwobgqt ami`~lfo lo OMXI mlqtfx|/

8>>7 Tmg ]K ==1K Q~fxtqtgx ==1 Kfr hxlobq i kfrgxgd qgitlob ~fqltlfo tf tmgQ~fxtqtgx klog/

Tmg EKQTOL Qfetilk Dgkw}g iddq i qkggc kffc tf tmg Qfetilk klog iod i~ilot qamg`g xg`lolqagot fe 9


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^xfdwatlfo Xlqc: Af`~io| afwkd loaxgiqg tmg ~xfdwatlult| lo ltq eialkltlgq tf `ggt tmgawqtf`gx dg`iod fx af`~io| afwkd qgkk ikk fe tmg Mixkg|Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akgq lt ~kioqtf ~xfdwat/ Axgdlt Xlqc: MDEQ lq gobibgd lo tmg hwqlogqq fe eloioalob iod qgxulalob rmfkgqikglougotfx| xgagluihkgq iod afoqw`gx xgtilk loqtikk`got qikgq afotxiatq/ Lt rfwkd qweegx

qf`g kfio rlkk dgeiwkt fo xg~i|`gotq klocgd tf tmg fhklbitlfo/Oitwxik aiwqgq: I oitwxik dlqiqtgx -gixtmywicg+ mwxxlaiog+ gta/, rmlam afwkd l`~iat tmgaf`~io|q eiatfx| iod xgtilk qtfxgq/


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9>/ Lougqt`got Dgalqlfo iod Afoakwqlfo

Lo afoakwqlfo+ rg hgklgug Mixkg|Diulqfo miq i bxgit ~xfdwat rltm i kf|ikhxiod efkkfrlob/ Tmg Mixkg|Diulqfo hlcg miq hgaf`g io I`gxlaio lafo+ rmlam efxglbo

af`~gtltfxq aio oft ìtam dgq~ltg |gixq fe tx|lob/ Lo iddltlfo+ MD lq i eloioalikk|mgiktm| af`~io| rltm `lolìk dght iod tmg|ug afotlowgd tf l`~xfug f~gxitlob~gxefxìoag xgbixdkgqq fe tmg gafof`la aklìtg/ Hiqgd fo tmgqg eiatfxq+ iq rgkk iqeiufxihkg uikwitlfoq exf` tmg DD@ `fdgk rg eggk tmit tmg af`~io| qmfwkd hg xitgd iHw|/ Mixkg|Diulqfo rlkk hg i bffd iddltlfo tf fwx ~fxtefklf blugo tmg afoqgxuitlugoitwxg iod fhjgatlugq fe tmg Bxidwitg Ewod/ Rg xgaf``god ~wxamiqlob 8>> qmixgq fe MD qtfac it i ~xlag it ìxcgt ~xlag/ Rg hgklgug tmit 8>> qmixgq lq ~xf~gx blugo tmg eiat tmittmg qtfac miq xlqgo lo xgagot `fotmq iod lq of kfobgx qlbolelaiotk| wodgxuikwgd/

Mfrgugx+ rg hgklgug tmg qtfac miq qf`g w~qldg ~ftgotlik iod lq bffd kfobtgx`lougqt`got/ Of qtfac lo tmg Bxidwitg Ewod lq qlbolelaiotk| afxxgkitgd rltm Mixkg|Diulqfo/


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99/ Qtxitgbla Xg~fxt efxMixkg| Diuldqfo

Mixkg| Diuldqfo xgìloq i eloioalikk| qtxfob iod qtihkg

af`~io|/ Dwxlob 8>>7 tmg af`~io| xg~fxtgd tmg 9>5 Qtiodixd iod ^ffxq ~xgdlatq tmit tmg `ftfxa|akg qwhlodwqtx| rlkk bxfrhgtrggo 9' iod 1'+ i `wam qkfrgx xitg tmio tmg dfwhkg dlblt ioowik biloq tmg qgatfx qirtmxfwbmfwt tmg q iod kitg =>q/ Dgq~ltg tmg af`~io|q qtxfob eloioalik fwtkffc tmgqtfac ~xlag miq oft hggo ~gxefx`lob rgkk fugx tmg ~iqt |gix/ Tmg qtfac ~xlag egkkdxiìtlaikk| lo I~xlk 8>>7 rmgo Mixkg| Diuldqfo ìoibg`got kfrgxgd bwldioag fe ogr`ftfxa|akg qml~`gotq tf tmg ogtrfxc fe lodg~godgot dgikgxq/ Rikk Qtxggt ioik|qtq

~xfaggdgd tf ~xgdlat dff` efx tmg af`~io| iq lt i~~gixgd tmit lt rfwkd hg woihkg tfafotlowg ltq txgod fe qtxfob bxfrtm/

Iktmfwbm tmg af`~io| iatwikk| ~xfdwagd xgqwktq tmitrgxg lo tmg w~~gx hfwod fe ltq bwldioag iod rltmlo tmg bwldioag exf` hgefxg I~xlk tmgqtfac ~xlag miq |gt tf xgafugx tf ltq gixklgx kgugkq/ Lt qgg`q tmit Mixkg| Diuldqfoìoibg`gotq qtxitgb| fe wodgx ~xf`lqlob iod fugxdgklugxlob miq hiacelxgd+ gq~galikk|hgaiwqg ioik|qtq xgìlo rix| fe tmg af`~io|q ~xfq~gatq dgq~ltg Mixkg| g}aggdlob tmglxg}~gatitlfoq/ Ioftmgx xgiqfo efx ioik|qtq ~gqql`lq` ihfwt Mixkg| Diuldqfo lq tmitxgagotk| tmg af`~io| qgg`q tf hg xgqtlob fo ltq kiwxgkq+ afotgot rltm ltq awxxgot ìxcgt~fqltlfo iod dflob klttkg tf ittxiat ogr+ |fwobgx awqtf`gxq fx tf feegx ogr `ftfxa|akgdgqlboq tf i~~gik tf ~xgulfwq awqtf`gxq/ Fog qlbo fe tmlq lq tmit Mixkg| Diuldqfoq dfkkix

i`fwot q~got fo idugxtlqlob iod xgqgixam iod dgugkf~`got miq iatwikk| hggo dgaxgiqlobfugx 4 tmg ~iqt afw~kg fe |gixq/ Tf qf`g lt `lbmt qgg` tmit ìoibg`got lq qiaxlelalob tmgewtwxg fe tmg af`~io| h| oft ittxiatlob ogr xldgxq lo fxdgx tf hffqt eloioalik ~gxefxìoagtfdi|/

99/9Qwhqtltwtgq iod Af`~kg`gotqMgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akgq ixg i kw}wx| ltg` efx tmg uiqt ìjfxlt| fe afoqw`gxq qf tmgxgixg egr akfqg qwhqtltwtgq efx mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akgq tmit afwkd qgxlfwq ieegat tmgìxcgt/ Mfodi+ \iìmi+ iod Qwzwcl ikk ikqf ìoweiatwxg qìkkgx+ ywlacgx `ftfxa|akgq+rmlam ixg tmg akfqgqt qwhqtltwtg efkkfrgd h| ~iqqgobgx aixq iod qafftgx hlcgq/ Mfrgugx+efx `fqt ~gf~kg afoqldgxlob ~wxamiqlob i mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akg ixg oft ikqf qgxlfwqk|afoqldgxlob fog fe tmgqg f~tlfoq/ Mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akgq ~xfjgat i agxtilo lìbg rmlam

lq ~ixt fe tmg afoqw`gxq dgalqlfo tf ~wxamiqg i `ftfxa|akg/ Ikqf qìkkgx `ftfxa|akgqxgywlxg i dleegxgot xldlob qt|kg+ `fxg mwoamgd fugx tmg hlcg iq f~~fqgd tf qlttlob w~xlbmtfo i mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akg/ îqqgobgx aixq ixg rgic qwhqtltwtgq efx mgiu|rglbmt`ftfxa|akgq hgaiwqg afoqw`gxq xixgk| ~wxamiqg tmg` tf qitlqe| txioq~fxtitlfoxgywlxg`gotq/ Tmgqg hlcgq ixg `fxg fe i kw}wx| ltg` tmio i ogagqqlt| efx txiugklob exf`~flot I tf ~flot H/ Gugo tmfwbm `ftfxa|akgq ì| hg hgttgx tmxfwbm txieela iod wqg kgqqbiqfklog tmio i aix i afoqw`gx ~wxamiqlob i `ftfxa|akg efx tmgqg xgiqfoq rfwkd hg `fxgloaklogd tf ~wxamiqg i klbmtgx `ftfxa|akg+ rmlam rfwkd hg `fxg ìogwugxihkg iod ewgk


71/109

geelalgot tmio i mgiu|rglbmt hlcg/ Tmg `fqt fhulfwq af`~kg`got efx mgiu|rglbmt`ftfxa|akgq lq biqfklog/ Le tmg ~xlag fe ewgk lq mlbm tmgo afoqw`gxq rlkk hg kgqq klcgk| tf~wxamiqg i mgiu|rglbmt hlcg dwg tf tmg eiat tmit `fqt txl~q ticgo fo qwam i `ftfxa|akg lqkixbgk| dlqaxgtlfoix| iod ticgo efx ~kgiqwxg xitmgx tmio tmxfwbm i oggd efx txioq~fxtitlfo/Mfrgugx+ le afoqw`gxq ixg rlkklob tf ~i| hgtrggo $= tmfwqiod iod $87 tmfwqiod efx i

kw}wx| ltg` klcg i mgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akg tmgo tmg| ixg ~xfhihk| oft txfwhkgd h| ~i|lobi qklbmtk| mlbmgx ~xlag efx biqfklog/

99/8Hw|gx iod Qw~~klgx frgxMixkg| Diuldqfo f~gxitgq ogixk| gugx| qtibg fe tmg ~xfdwatlfo fe i `ftfxa|akg+ ticlobxir ìtgxlikq qwam iq qtggk iod hiqla gkgatxlaik af`~fogotq iod qml~~lob af`~kgtgd`ftfxa|akgq tf ltq g}tgoqlug lodg~godgot dgikgxqml~ ogtrfxc/ Hgaiwqg tmgxg ixg ìo|qw~~klgxq fe ikk lo~wtq tmit Mixkg| Diuldqfo xgywlxgq efx ltq ìoweiatwxlob f~gxitlfoqtmgxg lq ugx| klttkg tmit io| qlobkg qw~~klgx aio df tmg g}iat xgotq exf` Mixkg|/ Le fogqw~~klgx ittg`~tgd tf loaxgiqg ltq ~xfeltq h| amixblob Mixkg| i mlbmgx ~xlag lt rfwkd ofthg dleelawkt efx Mixkg| tf qrltam qw~~klgxq rltmfwt i qlbolelaiot dlqxw~tlfo lo ~xfdwatlfo/Ql`lkixk|+ Mixkg| Diuldqfoq awqtf`gxq ixg kixbgk| lodluldwik afoqw`gxq+ ìclob lt

dleelawkt efx tmg` tf qgxlfwqk| ieegat Mixkg| Diuldqfoq eloioalik qltwitlfo h| xgewqlob tfaff~gxitg/ Qloag Mixkg| Diuldqfo dgikgxqml~q ixg lodg~godgotk| frogd io f~gxitgd tmgaf`~iolgq awqtf`gxq ixg tgamolaikk| ltq klagoqgd dgikgxq+ hwt tmg qmggx ow`hgx fe dgikgxqtmit Mixkg| Diuldqfo miq tmxfwbmfwt tmg rfxkd ìcgq tmg qltwitlfo efx dgikgxq oft `wamhgttgx tmio lodluldwik xldgxq/

99/1 -9>> \gixq fe Mixkg| Diuldqfo

Mixkg|Diuldqfo+ ikqf cofro iq MD+ miq hggo ixfwod efx fugx 9>> |gixq+ hgbloolob lo

91 lo @lkriwcgg+ Rlqafoqlo hgtrggo trf exlgodq/ Tmfwbm Rlkkli` iod Riktgx

Diuldqfo+ Ixtmwx Diuldqfo"q hxftmgxq+ rfwkd jflo tmg ~xfjgat+ tmg fxlbloik ~xftft|~g riq

afoaglugd h| Rlkkli` Mixkg| iod Ixtmwx Diuldqfo/ Tfbgtmgx+ tmglx rfxclob xgkitlfoqml~

efwodgd tmg MD Af`~io|+ kitgx tmlq af`~io| rfwkd bxfr gofwbm tf dgqgxug tf hg

loafx~fxitgd+ rltm tmg mgk~ fe Riktgx"q qclkkq iq i `gamiola iod Rlkkli` Diuldqfo"q

ihlkltlgq tf ìcg tffkq/

Dwxlob 91 Mixkg|Diuldqfo twxogd fwt i bxiod tftik fe 1 `ftfxa|akgq+ ikk rgxg hfwbmt

iod ~ild efx hgefxg af`~kgtlfo/ Bxi| riq tmg qtiodixd afkfx fe tmg elxqt `ftfxa|akgq+

rmlam rgxg fetgo xgegxxgd tf iq tmg6 Qlkgot Bxi| Egkkfrq6/ H| 97+ tmg Af`~io| mid

bxfro it qwam i xitg tmit tmg| rgxg ofr qgkklob `ftfxa|akg `ftfxq+ ìxlog `ftfxq+

xgugxqlhkg ~xf~gkkgxq+ iod ekfit eggd aixhwxgtfxq ikfob rltm tmg qtiodixd `ftfxa|akgq/

Tmg Mixkg|Diuldqfo af`~io| fok| afotlowgd tf ~xfq~gx tmxfwbm tmg og}t dgaidg/

I`fob tmg hlbbgqt eioq fe tmg af`~io| riq tmg Woltgd Qtitgq ^fqtik qgxulag+ rmf lo

9> fe tmg af`~io|"q hlcgq hwt olog dg~ixt`gotq lo tftik wqgd tmg af`~io|"q

~xfdwatq lo tmg egdgxik bfugxo`got lo tmit |gix/ H| 9


72/109

Tmg egdgxik bfugxo`got dld oft giqg w~ fo tmglx wqg fe MD dwxlob tmg elxqt Rfxkd Rix+

fo tmg afotxix|+ tmg bfugxo`got ~wxamiqgd elet| ~gxagot fe ikk fe tmg MD `ftfxa|akgq

dwxlob tmlq ~gxlfd iod qml~~gd tmg` fugxqgiq efx tmg `lkltix| tf wqg/

Tmg q~fxt fe xialob riq tmg ri| tmit MD tmxlugd iod ~xfq~gxgd lo tmg ~fqtrix |gixq fe

tmg 9q/ Woklcg ìo| af`~iolgq dwxlob tmg 9q+ tmg geegatq fe tmg Bxgit Dg~xgqqlfo

rgxg oft qtxfob gofwbm tf ~xgqq Mixkg|Diuldqfo fwt fe hwqlogqq+ tmg| afotlowgd tf

~xfq~gx/ Xg~gitlob tmglx bfugxo`got qgxulag lo tmg 9q+ tmg MD hlcgq rgxg i uikwihkg

tffk dwxlob tmg Qgafod Rfxkd Rix/

Lo tmg dgaidg fe tmg 9q+ tmg af`~io| hgbio g`~kf|lob `fxg ibbxgqqlug ìxcgtlob

qtxitgblgq iod qir loaxgiqgd bxfrtm/ Foag ibilo rix hxfcg fwt+ tmlq tl`g lo Cfxgi hwt

woefxtwoitgk| `ftfxa|akgq rgxg xg~kiagd lo ~f~wkixlt| rltm tmg `lkltix| rltm tmg Jgg~/

Mixkg|Diuldqfo riq exgg tf afoagotxitg fo ltq alulklio afoqw`gxq/

Tmg 9q rgxg i dgaidg fe amiobg efx tmg af`~io|+ iq rgkk iq tmg xgqt fe tmg Woltgd

Qtitgq/ Amiobg aio hg qggo tmxfwbm tmg af`~io|"q dgalqlfo tf ~xfdwag tmg 1rmggkgd

bfkelob aixt/ H| tmg god fe tmg dgaidg tmgqg aixtq afxogxgd ihfwt fog tmlxd fe tmg Woltgd

Qtitgq ìxcgt+ iod rgxg gugo wqgd fugxqggq/ Lo iaafxdlob tf tmg amiobg tmg`g+

`ftfxa|akg iaagqqfxlgq hgai`g ~ixt fe tmg Mixkg|Diuldqfo ei`lk| dwxlob tmg 9q tff/

Xialob foag ibilo hgai`g i efawq dwxlob tmg 9q+ iq Mixkg|Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akgq

xgaglugd iduioagq lo tgamofkfb| tmit ikkfrgd tmg` tf ìcg bxgit qtxldgq lo tmg q~fxt/ Tmg

9q rgxg i dgaidg fe bxgit eloioalik amiobg efx ìo| af`~iolgq+ iod efx tmg MD

Af`~io|+ tmlq riq gq~galikk| txwg rmgo tmg| hgai`g i ~xluitg frogxqml~ ibilo iq tmg

xgqwkt fe i hw|hiac/ Tmg af`~io| qgg`gd tf qmfr i xgogrgd lotgxgqt lo hwlkdlob hgttgx

ìamlogq qf `wam qf tmit tmg| rfo tmg afotxiat rltm tmg Aiklefxoli Mlbmri| îtxfk lo

9


73/109

98/ LOAF@G TI]GQ

^xfulqlfo efx loaf`g ti}gq afoqlqtq fe tmg efkkfrlob:

Tmg ~xfulqlfo efx loaf`g ti}gq dleegxq exf` tmg i`fwot rmlam rfwkd hg ~xfuldgd h|i~~k|lob tmg qtitwtfx| W/Q/ afx~fxitg loaf`g ti} xitg dwg tf tmg efkkfrlob ltg`q:

Dgegxxgd loaf`g ti}gq xgqwkt exf` tg`~fxix| dleegxgoagq hgtrggo tmg xgafboltlfo fexgugowgq iod g}~goqgq efx eloioalik qtitg`gotq iod loaf`g ti} xgtwxoq/ Tmg ~xloal~ik

af`~fogotq fe tmg Af`~io|q dgegxxgd ti} iqqgtq iod klihlkltlgq loakwdg tmg efkkfrlob:


74/109


76/109

iod lo tmg ibbxgbitg/ Tmg Af`~io| iaaxwgq efx akil` g}~fqwxgq rmlam ixg ~xfhihkg fefaawxxgoag iod aio hg xgiqfoihk| gqtlìtgd/

94/ HWQLOGQQ QGB@GOTQ IOD EFXGLBO F^GXITLFOQ

I, HWQLOGQQ QGB@GOTQ

Tmg Af`~io| f~gxitgq lo trf hwqlogqq qgb`gotq -g}akwdlob dlqafotlowgd f~gxitlfoq,:@ftfxa|akgq iod Xgkitgd ^xfdwatq iod Eloioalik Qgxulagq/ Tmg Af`~io|q xg~fxtihkgqgb`gotq ixg qtxitgbla hwqlogqq woltq tmit feegx dleegxgot ~xfdwatq iod qgxulagq/ Tmg| ixgìoibgd qg~ixitgk| hiqgd fo tmg ewodi`gotik dleegxgoagq lo tmglx f~gxitlfoq/

Tmg @ftfxa|akgq iod Xgkitgd ^xfdwatq -@ftfxa|akgq, qgb`got afoqlqtq ~xlìxlk| fe tmgAf`~io|q rmfkk|frogd qwhqldlix|+ MD @lamlbio+ Loa/+ iod ltq rmfkk|frogdqwhqldlix|+ Mixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfx Af`~io|/ Tmg @ftfxa|akgq qgb`got dgqlboq+ìoweiatwxgq iod qgkkq ~xlìxlk| mgiu|rglbmt -goblog dlq~kiag`got fe 579#aa, tfwxlob

iod awqtf` `ftfxa|akgq iod i hxfid xiobg fe xgkitgd ~xfdwatq rmlam loakwdg `ftfxa|akg ~ixtq iod iaagqqfxlgq iod xldlob i~~ixgk/ Tmg Af`~io|+ rmlam lq tmg fok| ìjfxI`gxlaio `ftfxa|akg ìoweiatwxgx+ miq mgkd tmg kixbgqt qmixg fe tmg Woltgd Qtitgqmgiu|rglbmt `ftfxa|akg ìxcgt qloag 9


77/109

-9, Tmg xgqwktq fe f~gxitlfoq efx tmg `ijfxlt|frogd eloioalik qgxulagq qwhqldlix| ixg loakwdgd iq F~gxitlobloaf`g exf` eloioalik qgxulagq lo tmg qtitg`gotq fe f~gxitlfoq/

-8, Tmg xgqwktq fe f~gxitlfoq efx tmg Txioq~fxtitlfo Ugmlakgq qgb`got ixg akiqqlelgd iq dlqafotlowgdf~gxitlfoq lo tmg qtitg`gotq fe f~gxitlfoq/


78/109

H, BGFBXI^MLA LOEFX@ITLFO

Loakwdgd lo tmg afoqfklditgd eloioalik qtitg`gotq ixg tmg efkkfrlob i`fwotq xgkitlob tfbgfbxi~mla kfaitlfoq:

-9, Xgugowgq ixg ittxlhwtgd tf bgfbxi~mla xgblfoq hiqgd fo kfaitlfo fe awqtf`gx/

-8, Kfobklugd iqqgtq loakwdg ikk kfobtgx` iqqgtq g}ag~t tmfqg q~galelaikk| g}akwdgd wodgx QEIQ Of/ 919qwam iq dgegxxgd loaf`g ti}gq iod eloioalik loqtxw`gotq+ loakwdlob eloioag xgagluihkgq


79/109

97/ Bkfhik Xioclob

Mixkg|-DiuldqfoXioc: 1=> ^xgulfwq xioc: 15=,Bgt ywftg:MDL

$ lkklfoq ' amiobg exf` 8>>4

Xgugowgq 7+521/= 5/5

^xfeltq >7 $ 1/49

' amiobg exf` 8>>4 91/2

97 ioowik bxfrtm xitg ' 84/2

Tftik xgtwxo tf Lougqtfxq '

8>>7 -94/8

97 ioowik xitg 88/4

Lodwqtx|: Txioq~fxtitlfo Gywl~`gotXioc Af`~io| 7>> xioc Xgugowgq $ lkklfoq,

9 Hxwoqrlac 151 7+ 7+521/=

1 Txlolt| Lodwqtxlgq 518 8+8/>

4 ^fkixlq Lodwqtxlgq =41 9+=21/2
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80/109

Fwx `ftfxa|akgq miug tmg ittltwdg oft fwx ~gf~kg-MD,

KGT"Q XLDG)

Mixkg|Diuldqfo&Hwgkk fe Fagio Afwot| lq tmg ~xg`lgx Mixkg|Diuldqfo&Hwgkk dgikgx lo Ogr Jgxqg|)

Mixkg|Diuldqfo&Hwgkk fe Fagio Afwot| lq dleegxgot exf` ftmgx Ogr Jgxqg|Mixkg|Diuldqfo dgikgxq/ Iq rg klcg tf qi|+ Fwx @ftfxa|akgq Miug tmg

Ittltwdg+ Oft Fwx ^gf~kg)Mgxg+ ltq ikk ihfwt fwx bfik tf feegx Mixkg|Diuldqfo `ftfxa|akg xldgxq iod gotmwqliqtq i txwg ewkkqgxulagdgikgxqml~ qtieegd h| dgdlaitgd ~gf~kg af``lttgd tf tmg q~fxt fe

`ftfxa|aklob ~gf~kg rmf qmixg i kfug fe xldlob lo iod ixfwod tmg Jgxqg|qmfxg) Fwx qikgq qtiee lq loaxgdlhk| cofrkgdbgihkg ihfwt gugx| iq~gat fetmg Mixkg| g}~gxlgoag+ exf` `ftfxa|akg qikgq tf ~ixtq iod iaagqqfxlgq+ iodMixkg|Diuldqfo @ftfxAkftmgq `gxamiodlqg+ tff)

Mixkg|Diuldqfo&Hwgkk fe Fagio Afwot| ewkelkkq tmg oggdq fe tmg Jgxqg| qmfxg`ftfxa|aklob af``wolt| h| ~xfuldlob i tftik dgqtloitlfo ~flot efx ogr Mixkg| hlcgq efxqikg+wqgd Mixkg| hlcgq+ Mixkg|Diuldqfo xgotikq+ Mixkg|Diuldqfo iaagqqfxlgq+Mixkg|Diuldqfo ~ixtq+ Hwgkk ftfxa|akgq+ Hwgkk iaagqqfxlgq+ Hwgkk ~ixtq iod`fxg/
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81/109

95/ MGXLTIBG MIXKG\ DIULDQFO

MD f~gogd fwx dffxq lo Fatfhgx fe 9


82/109

MIXKG\Q @LQQLFO&ULQLFO&RFXC UIKWGQ

95/9 @lqqlfo:

Mgxltibg Mixkg|Diuldqfo ewkelkkq dxgi`q h| ~xfuldlob ikk xldgxq iod awqtf`gxq

rltm i exlgodk|+ afèfxtihkg iod cofrkgdbgihkg Mixkg|Diuldqfo goulxfo`got/ Rg rlkkafoqlqtgotk| txgit gugx|fog rltm eilxogqq iod lotgbxlt| iod hg bgowlogk| lotgxgqtgd lo tmglxqitlqeiatlfo iod lo ìlotilolob i kfob tgx` xgkitlfoqml~/

@lqqlfo Qtitg`got qi|q:

Mixkg| Diuldqfo ewkelkkq dxgi`q tmxfwbm tmg g}~gxlgoagq fe `ftfxa|aklob+ h| ~xfuldlob

tf `ftfxa|aklqtq iod tf tmg bgogxik ~whkla io g}~iodlob klog fe `ftfxa|akgq+ hxiodgd

~xfdwatq iod qgxulagq lo qgkgatgd ìxcgt qgb`gotq

@LQQLFO ioik|qlq

AF@^FOGOTQ \GQ & OF

AWQTF@GXQ \GQ

^XFDWATQ % QGXULAGQ \GQ

@IXCGTQ \GQ

AFOAGXO EFX QWXULUIK \GQ

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^MLKFQF^M\ \GQ

QGKE AFOAG^T \GQAFOAGXO EFX WHKLA L@IBG \GQ

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^XF^FQGD @LQQLFO

Tf hg hxiodgd iq tmg hgqt `ftfxa|akg iuilkihkg lo tmg rfxkd

^XF^FQGD ULQLFO

Tmg hgqt ywiklt| `ftfxa|akg+ `ftfxa|akg ~xfdwatq iod eloioalik qgxulagq

rlkk hg ~xfuldgd rfxkd rldg lq tmg af``lt got fe Mixkg|Diuldqfo/ Awqtf`gx


83/109

qitlqeiatlfo lq fwx `fttf iod tmg Mixkg|Diuldqfo awqtf`gxq aio g}~gxlgoag tmg tiqtg

fe xgiklt| fe `ftfxa|akg dxgi`q h| xgki|lob tmglx qitlqeiatlfo fo wq/ Mixkg|Diuldqfo

lq dgdlaitgd tf wqg tmg iduioagd tgamofkfb| tf ~xfdwag tmg `fqt qw~gxlfx `ftfxa|akg

lo df`gqtla iod lotgxoitlfoik `ixcgtq/ Qti| af`~gtltlug iod afotlowg bxfrtm

rfxkdrldg xg`ilo ~xfeltihkg iod qwxulug lq fwx ~mlkfqf~m|/ G`~kf|ggq fe Mixkg|

Diuldqfo ixg tmg efwoditlfo fe tmg af`~io| iod tmg| ixg tmg dxlulob efxag hgmlod tmg

Mixkg|Diuldqfo oi`g/ Tmg tftik tgi` geefxt fe Mixkg|Diuldqfo g`~kf|ggq lq

dguftgd tf ewkelkklob dxgi`q fe awqtf`gxq iod rg hgklgug tmit tmgxg lq oft i

`ftfxa|akg xldlob g}~gxlgoag klcg i Mixkg|Diuldqfoq/ G}agkkgoag lq fwx ~wqm

tmfwbm fwx Mixkg|Diuldqfo hix iod qmlgkd kfbf tmit qi|q qw~gxlfx ywiklt|/ Mfogqt|

iod awqtf`gx kf|ikt| iod tmgqg `fxikq ixg tmg mgixthgit fe Mixkg|Diuldqfo

fxbiolzitlfo/ Mixkg|Diuldqfo df fwx ~ixt lo qw~~fxtlob ikk goulxfo`gotik kirq lo

gugx| afwotx| rg df hwqlogqq/ Dgtgx`loitlfo iod af``lt`got lq tmg ~kiag rmgxg

Mixkg|Diuldqfo lotgodq tf qti|/

95/8 Ulqlfo:

MD ulqlfo lq tf ~xfuldg io woqwx~iqqgd g}~gxlgoag efx ikk `ftfxa|akggotmwqliqtq rmlkg ~xfuldlob ewkelkklob+ rfxtmrmlkg rfxc iod bxfrtm f~~fxtwoltlgq efx fwxtgi` fe txilogd ~xfegqqlfoikq/ Rg qtxlug efx afotlowfwq l`~xfug`got lo gugx|tmlob rg df

Ulqlfo Qtitg`got qi|q:

Mixkg|Diuldqfo lq io iatlfofxlgotgd+ lotgxoitlfoik af`~io|+ i kgidgx lo ltqaf``lt got tf afotlowfwqk| l`~xfug SltqP `wtwikk| hgogelalik xgkitlfoqml~q rltmqticgmfkdgxq -awqtf`gxq+ qw~~klgxq+ g`~kf|ggq+ qmixgmfkdgxq+ Bfugxo`got+ iod qfalgt|,/Mixkg|Diuldqfo hgklgugq tmg cg| tf qwaagqq lq tf hikioag qticgmfkdgxq lotgxgqtq tmxfwbmtmg g`~frgx`got fe ikk g`~kf|ggq tf efawq fo uikwgiddgd iatlultlgq/

95/1 M-D Rfxc Uikwgq:

Lotgbxlt|3 Kf|ikt|3 Eilxogqq3 Af`~gtgoag3 qmixlob cofrkgdbg3 Iaaf`~klqm`got


84/109

92/ IDUGXTLQG@GOTQ

Mixkg|Diuldqfo wqgq idugxtlqlob iod ~gxqfoogk qgkklob efx tmglx ~xf`ftlfoik `l}/ Tmgidugxtlqlob tmit Mixkg|Diuldqfo wtlklzgq oitlfoikk| ixg efwx tf elug tgkgulqlfoaf``gxalikq i |gix/ Tmgqg af``gxalikq ixg loqtltwtlfoik hgaiwqg tmg| ixg idugxtlqlob tmgaf`~io| iod oft i q~galela ~xfdwat/ Tmg| ikqf miug loqtltwtlfoik idugxtlqg`gotq looitlfoik ìbizlogq qwam iq Xfid % Txiac+ ^f~wkix Qalgoag+ iod Efxtwog iq rgkk iqq~galela `ftfxa|akg ìbizlogq iq Giq| Xldgx/ Kfaikk|+ lodluldwik Mixkg|Diuldqfodgikgxq idugxtlqg fo tmg xidlf iod tmxfwbm dlxgat ìlk/ Mixkg|Diuldqfo wqgq ~gxqfoogktmxfwbm tmglx 7


85/109

I dlxgat xgq~foqg lq bgogxitgd tmxfwbm tmg afotiat hgtrggo tmg qikgq xg~xgqgotitlug iodtmg awqtf`gx/ Tmg idugxtlqlob af~| loqtltwtgd h| Mixkg|Diuldqfo lq ~ixtlawkixk| kl`ltgd/Hg|fod ql`~k| `gotlfolob tmg oi`g fe tmg af`~io| iod tmg kfaitlfo fe tmg ogixgqtdgikgxqml~+ of ftmgx rxlttgo `gqqibg lq afoug|gd/ Loqtgid+ tmg af`~io| efawqgq tmgawqtf`gx"q ittgotlfo fo tmg ixt ~fxtlfo fe tmg idugxtlqg`got/ Bgogxikk|+ tmlq ~fxtlfo fe tmg

id qmfrq i qmlo| ogr hlcg qtiodlob ikfog+ fx qf`gfog xldlob ikfob lo i ~latwxgqywgqgttlob/ Ikqf+ qf`g Mixkg| idq miug qmfro tmg af`~io| kfbf iod oftmlob gkqg/

Tmgqg ~xlot idq rgxg axgitgd efx Mixkg| Diuldqfo h| tmglx idugxtlqlob ibgoa|+ Aix`lamigk K|oam+rmf ikqf df q~gatiawkix rfxc efx af`~iolgq klcg ^fxqamg+ I/B/ Gdrixdq iod Ofxtmrgqt Ilxklogq/


86/109


87/109

9=/ MIXKG\ IXFWOD TMG BKFHG

(Efx Tf`fxxfr @i| Xilo+ qf rgkk efkkfr tmg Qwo/(

Tmg Rfxkd"q @fqt Txiugkgd @ftfx Ugmlakg

Tmg 9


88/109

@idibiqaix+ @ikirl + @iki|qli + @ikdlugq + @ikl + @ikti +@ixqmikkLqkiodq + @iwxltioli + @iwxltlwq + @g}laf + @laxfogqli + @fkdfui + @foiaf + @fobfkli +@fotgogbxf + @fxfaaf + @fzi`hlywg + @|ioìx -Hwxì, +

Oi`lhli +Oiwxw +Og~ik +Ogtmgxkiodq +Ogr

Zgikiod +Olaixibwi +Olbgx+Olbgxli +Ofxri| +

Fìo +

îclqtio + îkiw +îoiì + î~wi OgrBwlogi + îxibwi| + ^gxw + ^mlkl~~logq + ^fkiod + ^fxtwbik + -^wgxtf Xlaf, +

Yitix+

-Xgwolfo Lqkiod, + Xfìoli + Xwqqli + Xriodi + Qi`fi + Qio @ixlof + Qif Tf`g %^xloal~g +

Qiwdl Ixihli + Qgogbik + Qgxhli -\wbfqkiuli, + Qg|amgkkgq + QlgxxiKgfog + Qlobi~fxg +Qkfuicli + Qkfugoli + Qfkf`fo Lqkiodq + Qfìkli -Qfìklkiod, + QfwtmIexlai + Q~ilo + -Q~iolqm Ofxtm Iexlai, + Qxl Kioci + Qt Clttq % Ogulq + Qt Kwali + QtUloagotq + Qwdio + Qwxloi`g +Qrizlkiod + Qrgdgo + Qrltzgxkiod + Q|xli +-Tilrio, +

Tijlclqtio + Tiozioli + Tmilkiod + Tfbf +Tfobi + Txloldid %Tfhibf + Twolqli + Twxcg| + Twxc`golqtio + Twuikw +

Wbiodi +Wcxilog +Woltgd Ixih G`lxitgq + Woltgd Clobdf` + Woltgd Qtitgq FeI`gxlai + Wxwbwi| + Wzhgclqtio +

Uiowitw + Uitlaio Alt| + Ugogzwgki + Ulgtoi` +

-Rgqt Hioc, + -Rgqtgxo Qimixi, +

\g`go+ Zi`hli+ Zl`hihrg /
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