sales director dekati ltd - ilm exhibitions · esp efficiency studies data courtesy to tut pc...
TRANSCRIPT
Stationary source applications for
PM measurement
© Dekati Ltd.
Elina Nieminen
Sales Director
Dekati Ltd
© Dekati Ltd.
Dekati Ltd. – 20-years in 2013
• Company founded in 1993
• Privately owned technology spin-off from TUT Aerosol Physics Lab
• Core competence and know-how – Fine particle sampling and measuring
technologies
• 20 highly educated employees
• Exports ~ 90 % of sales – Distributors in ~35 countries worldwide
– Thousands of instruments sold
Dekati Ltd is located in Tampere, Finland.
What do we do?
• Instrumentation for fine particle sampling
and dilution for demanding
measurements
– e.g. different parts of the power plant or
engine exhaust
• Accurate Instrumentation for high-end
particle measurements
– Particle concentration
– Particle size distribution
– Advanced particle properties
• Electrical charge
• Chemical composition
• Shape and structure
Dekati is one of the world’s leading
companies in advanced particle
measurements
Stationary source applications for
PM measurement
• Combustion – Optimization of fuel use incl. new fuels
– Reduction of emissions
• Flue gas cleaning systems – Meeting new emission limits w/ optimization
– Lower power consumption
– Lower water consumption
– Sorbent injection optimization
• Stack measurements – CEMs calibration
– Source apportionment
© Dekati Ltd.
Combustion – what can we do?
Detailed PM measurement directly after
combustion zone allows
• Optimization of fuel use – Reduced fuel consumption for lower fuel costs
– Co-firing of different fuels to reduce CO2 emissions
• Reduction of emissions – Evaluation of primary emissions to optimize cleaning
system operation
© Dekati Ltd.
CO2
Combustion
• PM size distribution and
concentration is the most
sensitive marker for combustion
process
– Fuel quality
– Air/Fuel ratio
– Incomplete combustion
• Real-time measurement of PM
allows fast detection of changes
and quick optimization cycles
© Dekati Ltd.
Combustion
• Representative
measurements have to be
carried out right after
combustion zone
• Heat exchangers affect
flue gas temperature and
PM formation
– Fouling of heat exchangers
– Loading of flue gas cleaning
systems
© Dekati Ltd.
Flue gas cleaning systems
• Representative measurements have to be carried out
right before and after flue gas cleaning equipment – Preferably simultaneously to achieve real-time size resolved
penetration efficiency data
• Particles below 10 µm of main interest – High collection efficiency for large particles, settling after emission
– Particles above 10 µm can be analysed from impactor pre-cut and/or
from cyclone
© Dekati Ltd.
Flue gas cleaning systems I
• Meeting new emission limits with existing technology – Optimization of operation parameters incl. tuning for lowest possible
penetration, rapping cycles etc.
• Lower power consumption – Baghouse penetration vs. Pressure drop
– ESP power consumption vs. Plant power output/fuel use
© Dekati Ltd.
Flue gas cleaning systems II
• Lower water consumption – Scrubber droplet size
– Scrubber droplet charge
– Water injection vs. Penetration
• Sorbent injection optimization – Sorbent particle size
– Sorbent particle charge
– Size resolved analysis of mixing
© Dekati Ltd.
Stack measurements
• CEM calibration
– Measurement of PM size distribution across
the stack to ensure representative
measurement position
– Measurement of PM size distribution and
real-time concentration during PM spiking
– Reduces the need for gravimetric samples
– Simultaneous measurement of PM fractions
from PM10 to PM0.006 in 14 size classes
• Source apportionment
– Fingerprinting stack emissions through size
resolved chemical analysis
– Ambient measurements using the same
instrument
© Dekati Ltd.
Sample conditioning
• Critically important in PM
measurements and especially
in real-time size resolved
measurements
– Use conductive lines
– Aim is to transfer the sample with
minimal losses - no need for
rinsing
– Typical setup two stage dilution
with heated first stage
• Sample conditioning can also
be used to estimate secondary
PM emissions
© Dekati Ltd.
© Dekati Ltd.
ISO23210 setup
1. Isokinetic nozzle
2. Two-stage impactor
3. Suction tube
4. Drying column
5. Manometer
6. Pump
7. Flow meter
8. Gas volume measurement device with thermometer
9. Temperature measurement device
10. Pitot tube with differential pressure meter
© Dekati Ltd.
PM10 Setup for combustion measurements
• PM10 and PM2.5
According to ISO23210 – Preferred setup: impactor
inside the stack
• Full setups available – Impactor heater
– Pump with flow control
– Collection substrates
– Filters (47mm)
– Isokinetic nozzles
© Dekati Ltd.
DLPI Setup for combustion measurements
• Wide size distribution
measurement – 30 nm to 10 µm in 13 size
classes
• Full setups available – Pump + pressure meter +
connections
– Impactor heater
– Al and polycarbonate foils,
filters for fs
– Isokinetic sampling nozzles
ELPI+ setup for combustion measurement
• Real-time wide size
distribution and
concentration
measurement – 6 nm to 10 µm in 14 size
classes
– Collected particles can be
analyzed
• Sample dilution and
conditioning system – Customized to suit the
sampling location
© Dekati Ltd.
Particle Charge measurement
© Dekati Ltd.
Electrometers
Vacuum
pump
Known charge
Number size distribution Charge distribution
Electrometer
s
Vacuum
pump
Unknown charge +-
Charger OFF
© Dekati Ltd.
ESP efficiency studies
Data courtesy to TUT
PC (Peat) ESP
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.01 0.1 1 10
Particle diameter [µm]
Theory
ELPI
PC (Coal) ESP
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0.01 0.1 1 10
Particle diameter [µm]
Q/N
, ele
men
tary
ch
arg
es
Theory
ELPI
Results – COAL ESP charging efficiency
© Dekati Ltd.
Selected customer references - combustion
© Dekati Ltd.
Energy&Combustion • VTT Process Technology x2
• Tampere University of Technology x3
• CEA Saclay x3
• Supelec
• FORTH/CPERI
• AIST Tsukuba West, Research Institute for Env. Management Technology
• Hitachi nuclear engineering x2
• Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel development Co, x2
• Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute x3
• Department of Radiology Institute for env. Sciences
• National Institute of Radiological Sciences x2
• Hitachi Ltd
• National Institute of Measurement
• InnogyOne Environment
Energy&Combustion • SP
• Växjö University
• National Institut of Standards and Technology
• Tsinghua University x2
• Onera
• Teijin Aramid B.V.
• Korea Institute of energy
• Desert Research Institute
• TU Graz
• Univesidad del Pais Vasco
• Enel Produzione SpA
• Hitachi Ltd., Power & Industrial Systems R&D Lab.
• LECES Comapny/EU Project
• Zheijiang University
• EDF
• Fortum
Selected customer references - combustion
© Dekati Ltd.
Energy&Combustion • ARPA
• LCPC
• Arcelor x2
• Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) of sinopec
• Japan Petroleum Energy Center
• CEA (French Atomic Energy Commission)
• SINTEF Energiprocesser AS
• CEA (French Atomic Energy Commission)
• Estonian Environmental research Center
• University of Nancy
• University of Joensuu
• Aerosol Research Group S.L.
• Zhejiang Feida
• INC-CNR
• CRAES
• TRI Energy Oy/Lahden Yrityspuisto
• Shandong University
• Universitá Degli Studi di Napoli
• Italcementi Group Spa
• Xi'an Jiaotong University
• Högskolan Dalarna
Energy&Combustion • Southeast University
• Kanazawa University
• BLT, Wieselburg
• CIEMAT
• PSI
• University of Alberta
• Corus Narrow Strip
• Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
• Hitachi Research Laboratory
• Saint Gobain
• FM Global Research
• ENEA - AFI - ESTERO
• Technical University Hamburg-Harburg
• ETC, Energitekniskt Centrum i Piteå
• Veolia Environment
• Polytechnico di Milano (LEAP)
• Poujoulat Company
• Ineris x 2
• Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
• F.L. Smidth Airtech A/S
• FORCE Technology, Brondby