Sam Learner

Ideological Realism and the Wanderers

Political ContextImperial Academy of Arts controlled by Czar.

Alexander II age of Liberalism affected academy

Artists felt that “…mythological fantasy was too remote from the real life of Russia that, they believed, demanded their artistic attention…”

Social Context Serfs emancipated!

Increased demand for art; art is no longer exclusively for nobility.

Artistic ContextCirca 1850, little to no private patronage.

All art was funded by and produced for the State.

Artists limited, “…within the confines of the Imperial Academy of Arts.”

Vasily Perov (1834-82)"The Easter Procession" (1861)

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

What does this piece do?Makes a statement about the Church.

“…struck directly at the corruption and offensive manners of the rural clergy.”

As expected, this was condemned harshly by clergy.

A Little About Vasily…Paintings showed concern for the lower class and existing social order.

Studied in Paris for two years.

When he returned, the government had begun to react to the liberal movement.

Vasily PerovThe Drowned Girl (1867)

Vasily Perov?The First Christians in Kiev (1880)

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge“Golgotha” (1892-93)

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Abraham Janssens 1575-1632“Calvary”

How do these scenes differ?Ge portrays Jesus at a level vantage point.

Jesus appears in dark robes.Mundane culpability. Realistic grief.

Ivan Kramskoi (1837-87) “Christ in the Desert” (1872-74)

A New Image of Christ“This is no Christ, it is an image of sorrows of humanity which are known to all of us.”

Exemplifies what it means to be real.Jesus portrayed as human, rather than Godly.

VERY dangerous in the context of Russia, despite the relative liberalism.

A Bit About Kramskoy…Kramskoy was the leader of the Thirteen Contestants and is responsible for the inception of the Peredvizhniki

Religious painter in early life

Ivan Kramskoy

Peredvizhniki?Peredvizhniki (Pear-rad-veezh-niki) means wanderer.

13 artists left Imperial academy“…mythological fantasy was too remote from the real life of Russia…”

Created "Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions…"

Accessibility and the Democratization of Art

“…painted in an accessible realist style and believed their art might serve as a vehicle for social reform and promote the development of a national consciousness.”

Newly emancipated serfs became a new market for art.

Dmitry Grigorievich “Mikhail Krechetnikov” 1770’s

Artist Unknown“Theophan Prokopovich” (1681 1736)

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (1848-1916) “The Boyarin Morosova” (1887)

Ilya Efimovich Repin ( 1844-1930)

“Bargemen” (1870)

SourcesHamilton, George Heard. "Ideological

Realism ." The Art and Architecture of Russia . Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1954. 375. Print.

Valkenier, Elizabeth Kridl , and Theofanis George Stavrou. "Intelligentsia and Art: The 1860's." Art and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1983. 159-161. Print.

Cont…"Russian Art." Dartmouth College. N.p., n.d.

Web. 20 Dec. 2010. <http://www.dartmouth.edu/~russ15/russia_PI/Russian_art.html>.

Russian, and foreign authors. "Ivan Kramskoy - Olga's Gallery." Olga's Gallery - Online Art Museum.. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. <http://www.abcgallery.com/K/kramskoy/kramskoybio.html>.

Art Sources (in order of appearance)http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/IMRC/course_

website/slides03/perov001_opt_tif.jpghttp://www.allartclassic.com/img/

Vasily_Grigoryevich_Perov_PER070.jpghttp://www.steveartgallery.se/upload1/file-

admin/images/new18/Vasily%20Perov-699828.jpg

Cont…http://www.artexpertswebsite.com/pages/

artists/artists_a-k/ge/Ge_Golgotha.jpghttp://www.oceansbridge.com/paintings/

artists/recently-added/july2008/big/Calvary-xx-Abraham-Janssens-van-Nuyssen.JPG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Kramskoi_Christ_dans_le_d%C3%A9sert.jpg

Cont…http://media.photobucket.com/image/ivan

%20kramskoy/emlee7/330417656_9949927f8d_o.jpg

http://www.lib-art.com/imgpaintingthumb/1/9/t31691-portrait-of-mikhail-krechetnikov-levitsky-dmitry-grigorevich.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Feofan_Prokopovich.jpg

Cont…http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/9/99/Surikov_morozova.jpghttp://www.oceansbridge.com/paintings/

collections/russian-art-gallery/Ilya-Repin-xx-Bargemen-on-the-Volga-1870-73-xx-The-State-Russian-Museum.jpg