sandra - paper

8/11/2019 Sandra - Paper

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RESEARCH PROJECT AN ASSESSMENT TO DETERMINE

CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY. A CASE STUDY OF

CHEMITAN

LOCATION, KERICHO COUNTY.

PRESENTED

BY

NAME: CHERONO SANDRA

ADM NO: BAR/KSG/DCDG11/343/ !13

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO KENYA SCHOOL OF

GOVERNMENT "KSG# BARINGO IN THE FULFILMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE A$ARD OF DIPLOMA IN

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND GENDER.

SUPERVISOR: MR. CHARLES ONKUNDI

PERIOD: DECEMBER, !13


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DECLARATION AND APPROVAL

I Cherono Sandra declare with utmost honest that this work is my own ori inal work andinde!endent in"esti ation# Its contents ha"e ne"er $een !resented in any institution %or academic

!ur!ose whatsoe"er#

ST&DENT NA'E( C)ERONO SANDRA

SI*NAT&RE( +++++++++++++++#

DATE( +++++++++++++++++++#

AD'( ,AR-.S*-DCD*//-010-23/0#

DECLARATION ,4 T)E S&PERVISOR

This !ro5ect has $een su$mitted with my a!!ro"al as the .enya school o% o"ernment ,arin osu!er"isor#

NA'E( C)ARLES ON.&NDI

SI*NAT&RE( ++++++++++##

DATE( +++++++++++++++#

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DEDICATION

I sincerely dedicate my research work to my entire %amily and es!ecially to my !arent 'rs# Esther

,ii %or the kind su!!ort towards my achie"ement o% my studies6 may almi hty *od $less you in

a$undance#

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Acknowled ement

7irst my a!!reciation and acknowled ement oes to our almi hty *od %or sustainin our li%e

throu h the ood care and health that he a"e me throu hout my studies# Secondly6 I also e8tend

my ratitude9s a!!reciation towards my !arent 'rs# Esther ,ii %or %inancial assistance and su!!ort

she a"e me6 my su!er"isor 'r# Charles Onkundi %or i"in me all the su!!ort I needed in my

research !ro5ect# Research would not ha"e $een a success without his e%%ort and assistance#

Thirdly I would like to thank 'r# ,osire lecturer %or social research %or takin us throu h and

!ro"idin us with the re:uired in%ormation and lo istic su!!ort durin the !eriod o% writin this

!ro5ect# Lastly6 my acknowled ement also oes to li$rary sta%% and my %ellow students %or

!ro"idin the materials and in%ormation to ease my work o% com!ilin my !ro5ect and assistin in

correctin rammatical mistakes# Thank you all and may *od $less you all#

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A,STRACT

It9s a sur"ey tar etin students studyin 5u"enile delin:uency6 its causes and control o% 5u"enile

delin:uency attem!ts to $e %ocused6 more student %riendly6 and o%%er a more synthetic delin:uency

theory and research# The research study is di"ided into cha!ters and sections; the nature and e8tent

o% delin:uency; the causes o% delin:uency6 research on the cause o% delin:uency and !re"ention o% 5u"enile delin:uency and conse:uently the im!act o% 5u"enile delin:uency to the youth# The study

re"eals why some 5u"eniles are more likely than others to en a e in crime at hi h rates as o!!osed

to others who limit o%%endin to adolescence6 why delin:uency is more likely in some situations

than others6 and why some rou!s ha"e hi her rates o% delin:uency than other rou!s# The

research e8amines the e8tent to which delin:uency is caused $y indi"idual traits#

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L%&' () T*+ -&

Ta$le /#/ Sam!le Si


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List o% %i ures7i ure 1#0#0 Peer In%luence ##################################################################### 0=

7i ure 1#0#1 E"er $een arrested $y the !olice or taken to the chie%9s o%%ice due to mischie% ########### 0=

7i ure 1#1#/ Po"erty ########################################################################### 0>

7i ure 1#1#2 Areas where their 7amily 'em$ers li"e ################################################## 0>

7i ure 1#1#0 )ow they et their needs #############################################################0?

7
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TA,LE O7 CONTENTS

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CHAPTER ONE

1.! INTRODUCTION

1.1 B* 0 (2 () '5- S'2 6

Delin:uency e8hi$its a "ariety o% conduct or %orms o% $eha"ior worldwide# Each o% the !atterns has

its own social conte8t6 the causes that are alle ed to $rin it a$out6 and the %orms o% !re"ention or

treatment most o%ten su ested as a!!ro!riate %or the !attern in :uestion# )oward ,ecker @/ ==;

22=B0? has re%erred to %our ty!es o% delin:uencies( @a indi"idual delin:uency6 @$ rou! su!!orted

delin:uency6 @c or ani


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1. P (+ -7 S'*'-7- '

u"enile delin:uency is a !ersistent and !er"asi"e social !ro$lem# u"enile crime re!resents o"er

13F o% total arrests %or ma5or crimes6 includin murder6 ra!e6 and $ur lary @)awkins and Geis

/ ? # The increasin rate o% 5u"enile incarceration mirrors that o% adult incarceration# This

disad"anta ed !o!ulation6 which has $een lar ely i nored $y $oth the written law and society6

creates reat social and economic costs %or the !o!ulation# u"enile delin:uency and crime need to

$e addressed and %unds need to $e allocated to research in order to control the increased rates o%

5u"enile crime and in addition6 !ro"ide more !ro rams %or reha$ilitation to this delin:uent to this

youth !o!ulation#

Various %actorsB media co"era e; !olicy im!lementation6 !u$lic o!inion6 and le"el o% %undin and

resources ha"e in%luenced these transitions in the 5u"enile 5ustice system# Althou h the 5u"enile

system and crime rates is lar ely misunderstood $y the !u$lic# In order to $etter understand the

underlyin reasons %or this trans%ormation and e"olution6 s!eci%ic %actors will $e researched and

analy


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1.; R-&-* 5 Q2-&'%( &The %ollowin research :uestions were used in the study#

1. )ow does !oor !arentin lead to 5u"enile delin:uencyH

2. In what ways does !eer !ressure in%luence the causes o% delin:uencyH

3. )ow the le"el o% !o"erty situation does contri$ute to 5u"enile delin:uencyH

1.< S%0 %)% * - () '5- S'2 6The research %indin will hel! 5u"enile to understand more a$out the causes o% 5u"enile delin:uency

amon the youth# The research recommendation will also hel! the o"ernment6 nonB o"ernmental

or ani


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1.? C( - '2* F *7-@(The conce!tual %ramework o% the %actors leadin to the main causes o% youth indul in themsel"es

into delin:uent $eha"ior which may e"entually turn to $e criminals#

Inde!endent "aria$le De!endent "aria$les

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Delin:uency

Low income

Poor !arental care

Peer !ressure in%luence


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C)APTER TGO

.! LITERATURE REVIE$

This cha!ter in"ol"es the systematic identi%ication; eo ra!hical location and analysis o% documents

containin in%ormation a$out how and why are youth in Chemitan location .ericho County indul e

themsel"es in antisocial or ille al $eha"ior# The o$5ecti"e o% the study is in this cha!ter and is

$roken down to ease readin and enrichin the data therea%ter#

.1 B-0% % 0 () J29- % - D- % 2- 6The kids do not ha"e ra!9 sheets# They are two youn %or that6 $ut they usually ha"e an e8tensi"e

history o% 5u"enile delin:uency# )owe"er6 5u"enile courts restrict access to this in%ormation# Local

detecti"es usually ha"e a ood idea o% what9s on those records as the 5u"enile9s aid their classmates

and associates are o%ten willin to talk to !olice in"esti ation# The $e innin o% a 5u"enile9s entry

into this li%e o% crime is marked $y stealin %rom !arents6 the !arents o% %riends and nei h$ors(

sho!li%tin and sellin dru s in school to classmates# Since most o% them are dru s users at this

time6 the dru settin is only to su!!ort their own ha$its# The ne8t ste! in"ol"es day time household

$ur laries in their own nei h$orhoods or near$y areas6 daytime car Jcloutin K @stealin o%

merchandise %rom unlocked cars 6 and nocturnal the%ts or $atteries and radius %rom cars !arked on

the street or in dri"eways#

&!wardly $oys @ irls are only distantly in"ol"ed in this career !ath in crime mo"e on to !urse

snatchin %rom elderly women in sho!!in malls and this is a %irst si n o% "iolence( elderly "ictims

and enerally !unched in the %ace with a clenched %irst# 'u in B %ist and %eet ro$$eries may $e

ne8t6 or workin into a local dru sellin rou! as hawker or !ullerBin %or a crack house6 a runner

who carriers dru s %rom the JstashK to two street "endors or an en%orcer who collect dru de$ts#

,y this time6 youn o%%enders ha"e $ecome dro!Bouts %rom schools runBa ways @or throwBa ways

%rom %amily6 who are li"in with and su!!ortin a youn er nei h$orhood irls6 either !re nant or

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already a youn mother# They always need money and usually own some metal $ars %or assaultin

those who resist their mo"e#

. P(&&%+ - P( % %-& '( C2 + J29- % - D- % 2- 6

. .1 P -9- '%( () J29- % - D- % 2- 6The !re"ention o% 5u"enile delin:uency is an essential !art o% crime !re"ention in society# ,y

en a in in law%ul6 socially use%ul acti"ities and ado!tin a humanistic orientation towards society

and outlook on li%e6 youn !erson can de"elo! nonBcrimino enic attitudes# The success%ul

!re"ention o% 5u"enile delin:uency re:uires e%%orts on the !art o% the entire society to ensure the

harmonious de"elo!ment o% adolescents6 with res!ect %or and !romotion o% their !ersonality %romearly childhood#

7or the !ur!oses o% the inter!retation o% the !resent uidelines6 a childBcentered orientation should

$e !ursued youn !ersons should ha"e an acti"e role and !artnershi! within society and should not

$e considered as a mere o$5ects o% sociali


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those who are demonstra$ly endan ered or at social risk and are in need o% s!ecial care and

!rotection#

The use o% !hiloso!hies

S!eciali


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. .4 Y(2'5 S( %* % *'%( P ( -&&-&Em!hasis should $e !laced on !re"enti"e !olicies %acilitatin the success%ul sociali


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'easures should $e taken and !ro rams de"elo!ed to !ro"ide %amilies with the o!!ortunity to learn

a$out !arental roles and o$li ations as re ards child de"elo!ment and child care6 !romotin

!ossi$le !arent to $e child relationshi!s6 sensiti


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wron ; the %amily may tolerate or e"en encoura e the commission o% certain o%%ences6 thou h not

others#

It is also im!ortant to understand that the intimacy with which !arents communicate is stron ly

related to the commission o% delin:uent acts# This idea is whether the !arent is !sycholo ically

!resent when tem!tation to commit a crime a!!ears# I% in the situation o% tem!tation6 the child i"es

no thou ht to !arental reaction the child would tend to commit the act# Children who !ercei"e that

their !arents are unaware o% their wherea$outs are likely to do what they want6 all o% which

su ested that the %ocus o% communication can a%%ect the likelihood that the child can recall his

!arents when and i% a situation o% !otential delin:uent $eha"ior arises6 or he-she may i nore it i%

he-she choose to#

.3. B%( (0% * F* '(The $iolo ical %actors a!!roach to delin:uent $eha"ior has %ocused more on $rain dys%unction and

im!airment in learnin ca!a$ilities# Other research has shown a$normal electroence!halo ram

@EE* recordin s o% the $rain acti"ity in criminals and delin:uents relatin this to "iolent and

a ressi"e $eha"ior6 destructi"eness6 limited im!ulse control6 and !oor social ada!tation#

Dys%unctions o% the $rain ha"e also $een linked to such learnin disa$ilities as dysle8ia6 a!hasia

and hy!eracti"ity6 which researchers contend turn !ersons towards de"iant $eha"ior6 re5ection and

!oor educational achie"ement# 7urther study esta$lished a relationshi! $etween "iolent criminal

$eha"ior and $rain tumors6 althou h there is little e"idence o% a direct causal relationshi! to know

what role6 i% any $rain disorders !lay in adolescent delin:uency#

,iolo ically6 teena ers o throu h di%%erent de"elo!ment sta es knowin that to $e true can we

assume that the teena e $rain is also in a workin !ro ress while the rest o% the $ody is de"elo!in #

And 5ust as a teena er is all le s one day and nose and ears the ne8t6 di%%erent areas o% the $rain are

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still under oin de"elo!ments o% di%%erent schedules# This im$alance could tell us why a smart is or

/= years old6 who does not think twice $e%ore stealin a car or "andali


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2.3.4 Drugs and Substance AbuseThere is an undesira$le link $etween su$stance a$use and delin:uency# Arrest6 ad5uctication and

inter"ention $y the 5u"enile 5ustice system are e"entual conse:uences %or many youth en a ed in

alcohol and other dru use# IT cannot $e claimed that su$stances a$use causes delin:uent $eha"ior

or delin:uency causes alcohol and other dru use# )owe"er6 the two $eha"iors are stron ly

correlated and o%ten $rin a$out school and %amily !ro$lems in"ol"ement with ne ati"e !eer

rou!s6 a lack o% nei h$orhood social control6 and !hysical or se8ual a$use# Possession and use o%

alcohol and other dru s are ille al %or all youth# ,eyond that6 howe"er there is stron e"idence o% an

association $etween alcohol and other dru use and delin:uent $eha"ior o% 5u"eniles# Su$stance

a$use is associated with $oth "iolent and incomeB eneratin crimes $y youth# This increase %ear

amon community residents and the demand %or 5u"enile and criminal 5ustice ser"ices6 thus

increasin the $urdens on these resources# *an s6 dru tra%%ickin !rostitutes and rowin num$ers

o% youth homicides are amon the social and criminal 5ustice !ro$lems o%ten linked to adolescent

su$stance a$use#

The youth who $uy and use dru s are more likely to commit crimes than those who only sell dru sor only used dru s; hea"y dru s users are more likely to commit crimes than nonBusers6 and youth

rates o% crimes a ainst !ersons# 4outh in this sam!le are most likely to commit $ur lary or sell

dru s while usin or $ur lary to o$tain dru s# A$out oneB%orth o% the youth also re!orted attackin

another youth to o$tain dru s#

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2#0# Sin le Parent )ouseholdsSin le !arent households and two !arent9s households also can $e a cause %or 5u"enile delin:uency#

The !rediction o% 5u"enile delin:uency in early childhood de!ends on the ty!e o% maternal

!arentin skills that are im!osed u!on the child durin early adolescence# There is a real connection

$etween delin:uent and-or criminal $eha"ior6 and sin le !arent %amilies6 and in !articular motherB

only %amilies6 !roduce more delin:uent children than two !arent %amilies# Indeed the "ery a$sence

o% intact %amilies makes an mem$ershi! more a!!ealin #

Sometimes the %ocus is taken o%% the mother and shi%ted towards the %ather# The lack o% em!hasis on

the role o% %atherin o% childhood conduct !ro$lems is es!ecially un%ortunate i"en that there are

se"eral reasons why %ather can $e e8!ected to $e !articularly si ni%icant in the initiator and

!ersistence o% o%%s!rin o%%endin # 7or e8am!le6 %athers are !articularly likely to $e in"ol"ed with

sons who are at hi her risk than dau hters o% delin:uent $eha"ior#

7atherless is a ma5or %orce $ehind many distur$in social !ro$lems# The a$sence o% %athers %rom

children9s li"es is one o% the most im!ortant courses related to children9s well $ein such as

increasin rates o% 5u"enile crime6 de!ression and eatin disorders6 teen suicide and su$stance

a$use# Two !arent households !ro"ide increased su!er"ision and sur"eillance o% !o"erty6 while

sin le !arenthood increases likelihood o% delin:uency and "ictimi


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.3.< M- %* I ) 2- -There is a num$er o% ways to look at the to!ic o% media and youth# All de!end on whose "iew!oint

you are lookin at the to!ic %rom the ad"ertiser6 the $roadcasters6 the researchers6 or the youth

themsel"es# Ad"ertisers see youth as a !otential tar et they reco ni


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as!iration are all risk %actors %or o%%endin in themsel"es# Children who !er%orm !oorly at school

are also more likely to $e truant6 and the states o%%ense o% truancy is linked to %urther o%%endin #

Im!ulsi"eness is seen $y some as the key as!ects o% a child9s !ersonality that !redicts o%%endin #

)owe"er it is not clear whether these as!ects o% !ersonality are a result o% Jde%icits in the e8ecuti"e

%unctions o% the $rainK or a result o% !arental in%luences or other social %actors# In any e"ent studies

o% adolescent de"elo!ment show that teena ers are more !rone to riskBtakin which may e8!lain the

hi h dis!ro!ortionate rate o% o%%endin amon adolescents#

.3.? L*+- % 0La$elin theory states that once youn !eo!le ha"e $een la$eled as criminal they are more likely to

o%%end# The idea is that once la$eled as de"iant a youn !erson may acce!t that role6 and $e more

likely to associate with other who has $een similarly la$eled# La$elin theorist say that male

children %rom !oor %amilies are more likely to $e la$eled de"iant and that this may !artially e8!lain

which the ear more lower class youn male o%%ences#

.4 E))- '& () J29- % - D- % 2- 6u"enile delin:uency is a $i !ro$lem where at times minors are incarnated in residential %acilities

%or 5u"eniles# In %act6 a$out />F o% all the !eo!le arrested are under the a e o% /? years# Not only

does the !ro$lem a%%ect the "ictim; it also a%%ects the 5u"enile delin:uents %amily6 %uture and society

as a whole#

.4.1 E))- '& ( '5- V% '%7&This most o$"ious !eo!le a%%ectedly 5u"enile delin:uency is the "ictims# Ghate"er the crime

in"ol"es the%t6 "andalism6 or "iolence the "ictim always su%%ers loss# The "ictim may incur e8!enses

related to lost wa es health care6 !sycholo ical case in addition to the cost o% re!lacin dama ed or

destroyed items#

The dama e that the "ictims may incur in the %orm o% lost wa es $ecause o% his ina$ility to work

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due to the nature o% the in5ury he su%%ered# The "ictim may $e %orced to take a lea"e o% weeks or

e"en months 5ust to recu!erate %rom the in5uries $ecause o% the crime# The "ictim also $een the sole

res!onsi$ility o% !ayin %or the hos!ital and the medicine e8!enses# I% he is insured6 the insurance

shall take care o% the e8!enses# )owe"er6 i% the insurance only !artially co"ers the $ills6 he-she is

%orced to %oot the e8cess#

2.4.2. Efects on the Juvenile Delin uentThe 5u"enile who commits a crime also su%%er e%%ects that he or she is !ro$a$ly una$le to !redict#

)e or she may lose his or her %reedom while $ein incarcerated or !laced on !ro$ations# The

5u"enile may lose round academically as well# Althou h !lacement in residential detention center9s

%or 5u"eniles may $e a!!ro!riate conse:uences %or the adolescents criminal actual it also !uts him

or her in relationshi!s with other delin:uents6 who may $e more so!histicated or in%luential# This

makes racialism likely and6 in many steles where a 5u"enile older than /1 years $ecomes a re!eat

o%%ender6 he or she can $e tried and sentenced as an adult# The delin:uency may e"en ha"e %uture

conse:uences on the adolescent9s colle e and career and choices#

2.4.3 Efects on the !amiliesThe u!hea"al and trauma o% ha"in a %amily mem$er who is a 5u"enile delin:uent can create

insta$ility %or the other relati"es# Not only does the %amily ha"e to co!e with the needs o% the child

who is in trou$le6 $ut they may also ha"e to raise lar e amount o% money to !ay %or lawyers# In

addition6 the %amily has to %ace the ethical issues o% the res!onsi$ility to the "ictims o% the child9s

crime# 7amilies must usually attend rou! counselin sessions6 which can $e disru!ti"e and costly

durin the time when the child is o% detection or on !ro$ation#)owe"er6 these studies o%ten ne lect the %act that those %amilies also su%%er when their child en a e

in dili ent $eha"ior# 7amilies may %eel an ry at the 5u"enile o%%ender %or ha"in done such action

and %or $rin in shame to their %amilies# 7amilies may %eel ashamed $y the child9s delin:uent

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$eha"ior# The %eelin s o% an er shame may ser"e as o$stacles in the treatment and reha$ilitation o%

5u"enile o%%ender# Thus6 while it may $e "ery im!ortant %or the %amilies to $e in"ol"ed in the

treatment and reha$ilitation o% 5u"enile o%%ender6 they may either re%use or decline to !artici!ate#

Gorth mentionin is the !sycholo ical trauma that the crime $rin s to the "ictim and his %amily# I%

the nature o% the crime committed is "iolent6 the "ictim and his %amily may ha"e to carry the

!sycholo ical scar with him %or the rest o% his li%e# They may $e %orced to trans%er to a new

nei h$orhood or e"en to a new country 5ust to %or et the trauma that they had su%%ered#

.4.4 E))- '& ( '5- C(772 %'6There is a correlation $etween 5u"enile delin:uency and dru use6 an in"ol"ement6 alcohol use6

and se8ual $eha"ior# All o% these issues challen e communities $y makin nei h$orhoods unsa%e

and costin lar e amounts o% !u$lic money to $e s!ent on law en%orcement and school sa%ety#

u"enile delin:uency also attends the community in the sense that 5u"enile crimes cause an outra e

in the community# In %act6 $ecause o% the crimes $ein committed many adults ha"e de"elo!ed an

irrational %ear o% $ein "ictimi


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communities# It is a serious !ro$lem that challen es the e%%orts o% o"ernment a encies6 !oliticians6

educators6 %aith communities6 and non!ro%it or ani


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make decisions and %eel a$out delin:uency today# It is most a!!arent in our o"ernment that these

thou hts a$out 5u"enile delin:uent usin $ad !eo!le are true# The o"ernment doesn9t hel! these

kids or teach them that their decisions were wron 6 they !unish them# They lead u! in detention

centers or send them o%% to $oot cam! in ho!es that these J$adK kids will $e J oodK when they

return or ha"e %inished sol"in their time# The o"ernment holds ideal that 5u"enile delin:uencies

are $ad6 5ust as the ma5ority o% our country does#

.; J29- % - D- % 2- 6 P (+*'%( P (0 *7&E"ery sin le !erson li"in today is a%%ected $y 5u"enile crime# It a%%ects !arents6 nei h$ors6

teachers and %amilies# It a%%ects the "ictims o% crime6 the !er!etrators6 and the $y standers#

Ghich delin:uently raters ha"e $een numerous !ro rams that ha"e attem!ted to lower this

rate# Some are reatly success%ul !ro rams can continue to $e im!lemented and im!ro"ed6

while those that can continue to $e im!lemented and im!ro"ed6 while those that do not work

are discontinued# A num$er o% di%%erent ty!es o% !ro rams currently e8ist# Those that et

in"ol"ed with the delin:uent a%ter the occurrence o% de"iant $eha"ior tend to $e less

success%ul6 since $y that !oint antisocial ha$its are well de"elo!ed# 'ore e%%ecti"e !ro rams

are ones that inter"ene $e%ore the on set o% delin:uency $eha"iorB!ro$ation !ro rams# ,y

ettin in"ol"ed in children s are early6 later crime can $e e%%ecti"ely reduced# Pro$ation

!ro rams !ositi"ely im!act the eneral !u$lic $ecause they o%ten this crime %rom ha!!enin

in the %irst !lace# And here are e"en some !ro$ation !ro rams are more success%ul !ro$ation

!ro rams is their com!rehensi"e nature# Pro rams that are more holistic !re"ent %uture

crime $etter $ecause they deal with "arious as!ects o% Childs li%e6 not 5ust a sin le one#

Two !ro rams that ha"e $oth these %eatures easily inter"ention and com!rehensi"eness are

home "isitation !ro rams and head start# ,oth o% these !ro rams ha"e shown incredi$le

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results $y tar etin s!eci%ic risks# 7actors that lead to delin:uent $eha"ior# Once these risk

%actors are lessened6 the !ro$lem $eha"ior is much less likely to occur# In conclusion

5u"enile 5ustice !re"ention !ro rams such as !arental and early childhood nurse "isitation

!ro rams and head start are lar ely succession at# Crime %or the children in"ol"ed $ecause

they occur easily in the child s de"elo!ment and $ecause they %ocus on holistic and eneral

as!ects o% the children li%e rather than %ocusin on crime itsel%# Althou h there is really no

way to com!letely !redict which children will $eha"e in delin:uent and criminal ways in

the %uture6 there are multitudes o% risk %actors that ha"e $een shown to #### Gith these

$eha"iors 7etal su$stance e8!osure6 !arental di%%iculties6 an a$use %amily and "iolent %amily

are all risk %actors related to !oor e8ecuti"e %unctionin # This weakness is then shown to

lead to "iolent $eha"ior# Other !recursors to later %re:uent o%%endin include !oor child

rearin !ractices6 !oor !arental su!er"ision6 criminal !arents and si$lin s6 low %amily

income6 lar e %amily si


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C)APTER T)REE

3.! RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 I ' ( 2 '%(The cha!ter mainly descri$es the research desi n and also methodolo y that was em!loyed so as to

esta$lish the causes o% 5u"enile delin:uency# It descri$es the tools that ha"e $een used in conductin

the study# It was %ocused on the study desi n6 tar et !o!ulation6 sam!lin techni:ues and data

collection instruments and !rocedures# It also descri$es how the data collected was analy


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Table 1.1 Sample Size

T* 0-' 0 (2 "*& - % *0- 0 (2 # T* 0-' ( 2 *'%( &*7 -

u"enile $etween /0B/1 years old 23

u"enile $etween /1B/ years old 23

u"enile $etween / B/= years old 23

u"enile $etween /=B/? years old 13

T('* 1!!

3.4 D*'* C( - '%( I &' 27- '&

A%ter sam!lin the 5u"enile accordin to their a e rou! which the researcher has recommended#

The researcher %ormulated research instruments to collect data# Data was collected accordin to the

%ollowin !rocedure# The di%%erent tar et rou! was i"en di%%erent o% which they were in%ormed

a$out the research and willin ly "olunteered to i"e results and whole heartedly !artici!ate as this

research is "ital in their day to day li"in # Later the study analysis was done and com!iled $y use o%

ta$les showin data %rom the %ield# Throu h editin was carried out so as to ensure all the

res!ondents were accurate6 lo ical and com!lete#

3.4.1 I '- 9%-@ S 5- 2 -The inter"iew schedule was used to collect data %rom $usy and restless 5u"eniles who kee! on usin

u! and down the street6 sham$as and %oot$all !itches# The inter"iewed aimed at i"in clari%ications

and ettin the desired answered answers %rom the res!ondents and also all the :uestions will $e

answered accordin ly#

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3.; R- %*+% %'6 * V* % %'6 () '5- R-&-* 5 I &' 27- '&Relia$ility and "alidity o% the research de!ends on the con%identiality o% the in%ormation athered

throu h "arious sources o% data ado!ted to o$tain the study# To asses the "alidity o% the research

instruments6 the :uestionnaire was !re!ared and su$mitted to the su!er"isor %or cross e8aminin

and also to asses the reliance o% its content#

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C)APTER 7O&R

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.! I ' ( 2 '%(

This cha!ter !resents the %indin s o% the study and the inter!retations# The ma5or !ur!ose o% this

research was to in"esti ate the causes o% 5u"enile delin:uency in Chemitan Location6 .ericho

County#

Inter"iew schedule as a research instrument was used to hel! in achie"in the !ur!oses# Inter"iew

was administered directly to the res!ondents and res!onses collected directly $y the researcher in

the same way# A ood num$er o% 5u"enile were inter"iewed and their res!onse analy


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4.3.1 GENDERR-& ( &- F - 2- 6 P- - '*0-'ale = =7emale 0 0Total /33 /33

The %indin show that ma5ority = -= F were male and 0 -0 F were %emale#4.3. L-9- () - 2 *'%(

L-9- () - 2 *'%( F - 2- 6 P- - '*0-School dro!out 3 >/FPrimary /= 20FSecondary 1 =FTotal >3 /33F

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PART B: PEER INFLUENCE

F%02 - 4.3.3 P-- I ) 2- -

7rom the data collected it shows that ma5ority o% res!ondents said that they were in%luenced $y their

trends which re!resent =3-=3F those not in%luenced $y their trends at all 01-01F and those not sure

were =-=F6 thus i"in us the %actors which $rin a$out !oor in%luence#

F%02 - 4.3.4 E9- +-- * -&'- +6 '5- ( % - ( '* - '( '5- 5%-) & ())% - 2- '( 7%& 5%-)

The %indin s on whether they ha"e e"er $een arrested or taken to the chie%9s o%%ice due to mischie%

show that ma5ority o% them at 2@ 2F ha"e $een arrested6 while 1?@1?F ha"e ne"er $een arrested#

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PART C

F%02 - 4.4.1 P(9- '6

7rom the data collected it shows that ma5ority o% the res!ondents said that $reakdown which

re!resent 2?@2?F 6 hun er 21@21F 6 a$andonment 21@21F 6 death o% !arents 21 @21F contri$uted

to !o"erty#

F%02 - 4.4. A -*& @5- - '5-% F*7% 6 M-7+- & %9-

The %indin on where the %amily mem$ers li"e shows that the most 2 @ 2F resides at the rural

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areas and at least which ?F li"e in town and the rest o% $oth 23F at streets and the other 23F ha"e

no %amily mem$ers#

F%02 - 4.4.3 H(@ '5-6 0-' '5-% -- &

Percenta e

The %indin show that lar e num$er o% !ercenta e o% o% res!ondents =3F were $e ars while @2?

were sca"en in and the remainin !ercenta e @/2F did not res!ond#

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1# #/ SECTION DPoor !arental care

)ow o%ten are you !unishedH

7rom the data collected it shows that =F o% the res!ondent had ne"er $een !unished 2?F said that

once e"ery si8 months and the rest /=F once a month#

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4.;. D( 6(2 &'*6 H(7- L*'-

The %indin shows that =3F o% the res!ondents stay home late while the rest 13F do not#

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C)APTER 7IVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

;.! I ' ( 2 '%(

This cha!ter contains discussion6 conclusion and ma5or %indin s o% the study# It contains the%indin s o% the study on causes o% 5u"enile delin:uency#

;.3 R- (77- *'%( &The recommendations co"ered le islati"e !ro!osals6 administrati"e su estions and e"en J!arental

e8am!leK# They include(B

Research

a # The o"ernment should esta$lish a lon time research into J all as!ectsK o% 5u"enile delin:uency#

$ # Su ested le islati"e chan es

That the le al system should ha"e the a$ility to char e $oth irls and $oys @im!lyin undera e

!ersons with indecent conduct# Additionally6 i% children are summoned6 their !arents should $e

similarly com!elled to attend court6 and that courts should ha"e the !ower @ i% the !arent9s $eha"ior

was said to ha"e JconducedK the child9s o%%endin to order that !arents !ay %ines and court costs

and that !arents i"e an assurance o% the child9s J%uture ood $eha"iorK# Other su estions include

sus!endin socialBsecurity $ene%its related to a child#

c # Police

That !olicewomen9s trainin and duties should include dealin with irls in"ol"ed in se8ual

o%%ences9#

d # Social wel%are

That child wel%are should $ecome an autonomous ser"ice under the ministry o% social wel%are#

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e # SchoolsThat the de!artment o% education considers the $est ways to deal with J!ro$lem !u!ils in !ostB

!rimary schoolsK#

% # Community rou!s

That the de!artment o% education consider allowin Jres!onsi$le or ani


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also claimed that !olice %ound in many incidents that many youths were either Jtoo i norant

a$out se86 or know too much a$out itK#

B Parents ne lect has le%t children %eelin in"ol"ed6 somethin $elie"ed to conduci"e

delin:uent acts#

B Also the state o% reli ion and o% %amily li%e( the !resent state o% morals in the community has

indicated the "alue o% reli ious %aith and stated that a decline in %amily li%e resulted %rom

lack o% res!ect %or the JworthK o% reli ious and social $oundaries#

B There is a unanimous recommendation that minors should not ha"e access to contrace!ti"e#

B The o"ernment should take more !re"enti"e measures in the %ield o% child wel%are#

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RE7ERENCES

,ohn6 R#' and )aly .#N M/ > #Introduction to criminal 5ustice# S#A# 'c*rawB)ills !u$lishers#Cham!ion6 D# #M2331 #The 5u"enile 5ustice system; delin:uency6 !rocessin 6 and the law# M1 th edition #

&!!er saddle ri"er6 N ; Pearson !rentice hall Inc#Cur # Criminal law @?th edition # *REAT ,RITIAN ,ull and ,ain !u$lisher#

)tt!(--www#o55d!# o"-!u$s-dru id-rattinBo#0html )tt!(--www#"oices#yahoo#com-isBmediaB$lameB5u"enileBcrimeB=1?01//2#html-cat# )tt!(--www#yale#edu-ynhti-curriculum-units-233-2-33#32#3>#8#htmltth)tt!(--www2ohchr#or -en lish-law-5u"enile#htm )tt!(--%amily#5rank#or -!a e-/33>-5u"eniledelin:uencyBcommunity#html )tt!(--lucy5une6hu$!a es#com-lawBen%orcementB5u"enileBdelin:uency )tt!(--%amily#5rank#or -!a es-/33?-5u"enileBdelin:uencyBconclusion#html

Smith6,# M/ ?3 Rural Crime Control# New 4ork; Syracuse uni"ersity !ress

44
http://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/drugid/rattin-o.3htmlhttp://www.voices.yahoo.com/is-media-blame-juvenile-crime-64834112.html/cat.9http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/200/2/00.02.07.x.htmltthhttp://www2ohchr.org/english/law/juvenile.htmhttp://www2ohchr.org/english/law/juvenile.htmhttp://family.jrank.org/page/1007/juveniledelinquency-community.htmlhttp://family.jrank.org/page/1007/juveniledelinquency-community.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Http:%2F%2Flucyjune,hubpages.com%2Flaw-enforcement-juvenile-delinquencyhttp://family.jrank.org/pages/1008/juvenile-delinquency-conclusion.htmlhttp://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/drugid/rattin-o.3htmlhttp://www.voices.yahoo.com/is-media-blame-juvenile-crime-64834112.html/cat.9http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/200/2/00.02.07.x.htmltthhttp://www2ohchr.org/english/law/juvenile.htmhttp://family.jrank.org/page/1007/juveniledelinquency-community.htmlhttp://family.jrank.org/pages/1008/juvenile-delinquency-conclusion.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Http:%2F%2Flucyjune,hubpages.com%2Flaw-enforcement-juvenile-delinquency


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APPENDICES

APPENDI A : $ORK PLAN FOR THE STUDY

Time %rame 23/0 E"ent- Acti"ity

'ay Pro$lem identi%ication

une Gritin research !ro!osal

uly Com!ilin the research Au ust Production and su$mission o% the %inal re!ort

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APPENDI ,( ,&D*ET

This will include the acti"ities and items to $e used in the %ield durin the research#

ITE'S NO# O7 &NITS TOTALStationery = !ens 23-Q /23-Q

ream o% %oolsca!s 2?3-Q /13-Q/ !encil -Q -Q/ ru$$er 2 -Q 2 -QPins 23-Q

Trans!ort 2333-QTy!esettin !rintin 1333-QPhotoco!yin 233-Q,indin 233-Q7ieldwork e8!enses / 33-Q

Total ?62/3-Q

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APPENDI C: QUESTIONNAIRE

&ESTIONNAIRE

SECTION A( PERSONAL IN7OR'ATION

1. *enderH

A. 'ale M

B. 7emale M

2. A e $racketH

A. /0B/1 yrs

B. /1B/ yrs

C. / B/= yrs

D. /=B/? yrs

3. Educational le"elH

A. School dro! outH

B. Primary

C. Secondary

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SECTION ,( PEER IN7L&ENCE1. Gho are your %riendsH

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++#

2. Do they o to schoolH

A. 4es M

B. No M

I% not whyH

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

3. Do they ha"e any disci!line issuesH

A. 4es M

B. No M

4. Do you know i% any o% them has e"er $een arrested or taken to the chie%9s o%%ice due to

mischie%H

A. 4es M

B. No M

I% yes whyH

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

5. )ow o%ten do you associate with them6 what thin s do you do to etherH

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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++++++++++++++++++++++++++#

6. Do you think they ha"e anythin to do with the way you $eha"eH

A. 4es M

B. No M

SECTION C( POVERT4

1. Do you ha"e !arentsH

A. 4es M

B. No M

2. Ghat do they do %or a li"in H

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++#

3. )ow many are you in the %amilyH

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++#

4. Do all your si$lin s o to schoolH

A. 4es M

B. No M

I% not whyH

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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sandra - paper

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