sanitation sector development in indonesia

Sanitation Sector Development in Indonesia

Presented by, Oswar MungkasaDirectorate of Settlement and Housing, National Development AgencyRepublic of Indonesia

The Portrait Percentage of households that have access

to sanitation facilities (regardless the quality of the facilities) : 67,1% (data source: BPS/National Statistics Agency, 2004)

Only 10 cities have sanitary sewers (with only 13,9% of the population with access to the system). (data source: Indonesia Environmental Status 2003, published by Ministry of The Environment)

Economic lost due to poor sanitation approximately Rp 42,3 trillions per year (2% of GDP).

Identified Problems Attitude toward sanitation – inadequate concern

by the community that leads to: Un-healthy and un-hygienic behavior poor operation and maintenance of public sanitation facilities

by the government that leads to low development priority for sanitation sector

PolicyPolicies and regulatory frameworks for sanitation sector are inadequate to allow accommodative environment for effective and efficient development of the sector

Institutional Responsibility for sanitation sector development is dispersed among several ministries at

central level and several agencies at local level, but not supported by a clear and strong coordination framework.

Inadequate capacity of local government to carry out sanitation service delivery functions

Investment – limited investment by public, private, and community in sanitation.

Available Policy FrameworkLaw No 7 /2004 : Water Resources

.

Government Regulation No 16/2005Drinking Water Provision System

National Policy

Community basedInstitutional based

Strategy for water supply, waster water, solid waste and drainage Strategy

Action Plan Action Plan

In refinement stage

Finalized and agreed by 6 ministries (Home Affairs, Public Works, National Development Agency, Health, Environment, Finance). Currently is being advocated to local governments

The National Policy for Community-based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) Development1. Water as a social and economic good2. Informed-choice, based on demand.3. Sustainability4. Community education: good health and living behavior5. Pro-poor6. Increased women participation.7. Transparent & accountable processes8. Government as facilitator, not executor9. Community participation10. Optimum and well targeted services11. Cost recovery

The National Policy for Institutional-based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) Development Pro poor Environmental conservation Stakeholders active involvement Good corporate governance Law enforcement Regionalization

Current Initiatives Sanitation sector “high profiling” to change the

attitude toward sanitation by the government increased concern and development priority for sanitation

Public sanitation campaign to increase public awareness toward good sanitation practices increased demand of good sanitation services

Strengthening coordination framework among different agencies that responsible for sanitation development.

Develop investment framework that enables and accommodates investment initiatives by all stakeholders.

Capacity building for local governments to enable them to carry out sanitation sector development tasks.

Develop sanitation approaches that can be implemented in different locations, communities, and conditions

Carried out through Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP)

Have produced :• Sanitation by the Community (SANIMAS)•Community Total Led Sanitation (CLTS)

Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) Goal: to improve the health, environmental and economic well-being of the

population, especially the poor, through targeted improvements in sanitation service delivery in Indonesia

Component1. National enabling framework for sanitation: strengthening policy,

regulation, institutions, strategies and action plans2. Co-ordination of activity & investment: the development of broad

stakeholder consensus among ministries, levels of government, donors, private sector and NGOs to the objectives and principles of a coordinated sanitation program & sector investment framework.

3. Raising awareness of sanitation & hygiene promotion: advocacy and marketing activities to stimulate and increase demand through targeted, nationwide sanitation awareness raising and hygiene promotion campaigns. Campaign segment focused on the urban poor implemented in 6 cities.

4. City capacity building & sanitation strategies: facilitating local governments to undertake sanitation mapping and situation assessments, to build capacity, and develop a citywide sanitation strategy, budgets and action plans.

Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) Component

5. Neighborhood sanitation pilots: provide matching fund to develop community-based sanitation systems, including for example, school or other community improvements which have been prioritized in their city wide strategies/ action plans.

6. Priority municipal actions: provide matching funds to enable the design and implementation of primary and/or secondary physical, institutional and financial solutions, needed to serve the poor or to integrate community-based solutions into a centralized city sewer systems, as identified in the city strategies/ action plans.

Pilot locations: 6 cities (Jambi, Payakumbuh, Surakarta, Blitar, Banjarmasin, Denpasar)

Timeframe: 2006 – 2009 Funding: grant from Netherlands Government Current Status:

Sanitation condition mapping in 6 cities Facilitation for 6 municipalities to develop sanitation sector strategy.

Sanitation by the community (SANIMAS) : A collective action, a small step Goal: to improve sanitation conditions of poor communities who live in dense

urban slums by constructing community level centralized sewerage system. Principles

Demand Responsive Approach/DRA Participative Informed choice Self-selection Process Capacity Building

Funding : Total cost approximately Rp 250 - 400 millions/facility (servicing 200 – 300 households)

NGO: 16% Community: 2%(in kind or in cash) Central Government: 27 % Local Government: 55%

Has been tested in 7 districts (Denpasar, Sidoarjo, Pamekasan, Pasuruan, Mojokerto, Kediri, Blitar) in 2004.

SANIMAS: What does it offer? Improved Livelihoods

SANIMAS improves quality of livelihoods and health especially of mothers and children

Protecting clean water sources SANIMAS treatment options will reduce pollution load

of groundwater and rivers High Efficiency – Time-wise

Less than 12 months are anticipated for planning and implementing CBS-systems

High Efficiency – Cost-wise Investment as well as operation & maintenance costs

of technical CBS options are low Sustainability of technical options

Technical options promoted within SANIMAS are simple, proven, and tested easily maintained by the community

Training and capacity building Community are trained to plan, implement and manage

SANIMAS independently

SANIMAS: What does it offer?

A Brief Example of SANIMAS Process

Dissemination & community selection

Rapid Participatory Assessment

constructionHand over to the community group

•Technology selected•Community group formed constructing and managing the built facility•Capacity building for community group construction

•Selected community

•Constructed facility •The facility is fully managed by community group.•Capacity building for community group operation and maintenance

SANIMAS: So far ….

TerimaTerima KasihKasih..

It’s a park!!

It’s a community center!!

NO!!

IT’S A COMMUNAL TOILET!!

It’s a mini-market!!


Nice facilities: Chosen and managed by the community.


We can do it all here!!!


From toilet to a banquette: bio-gas being used for cooking.

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) : Behavioral change triggering.

Goal: to change community’s behavior toward healthy and hygienic practices.

Strategy: motivate and empower the community to stop open defecation and build and use latrines (based on their economic and technical ability, without compromising technical standard of the facility).

Principles: Community’s active participation Zero subsidy Social solidarity Pride as the key element of motivation

Has been tested in 6 districts in 6 provinces (2005). Up until May 2006,there are 19 dusuns (hamlets) that free of open defecation.

CLTS Process

Triggering & participatory analysis

Follow up by the community

•Community’s comprehensive understanding of sanitation condition in their village and impacts of open defecation•Sanitation map shows locations of open defecations.•Natural leader emerges

•Community action plan to eradicate open defecation in their village.•Collective actions, organized by natural leader.

•Community’s satisfactory rating•Cross visit to other village that has not been triggered yet.•Community declare that their village is now free of open defecation.

Community self monitoring & “open defecation free” declaration

Main Considerations of CLTS and SANIMAS

CLTS Suitable for low density

area land availability Can not co-exist with

other program that provide subsidy

Natural leader existence is a must he/she play a role as motivator

It’s a behavioral change and must be followed by sanitation facilities quality improvement sanitation ladder

SANIMAS Suitable for high density

area land scarcity Community contribution (in

kind or in cash) is a must to ensure sustainability

Continuous capacity building for community group (management, O&M)

Management manual and technical guidance availability

Thank You