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Created on May 19, 2014

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Table of content

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Table of content1 Ledger1.1 Making Settings for Ledgers1.2 Ledger Groups1.3 Day Ledger

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1 Ledger

DefinitionA ledger is a section of a database table. A ledger only contains those dimensions of the totals table that the ledger is based on and that are required forreporting.

UseIn General Ledger Accounting, you can use several ledgers in parallel. This allows you to produce financial statements according to different accountingprinciples, for example. You create a ledger for each of the general ledgers you need.

A ledger uses several dimensions from the totals table it is based on. Each dimension of the totals table represents a subset of the coding block. You can alsoinclude customer fields in your ledgers. To do this, you have to add the customer field to the coding block and then include this field in the totals table that theledger is based on. For more information, see Customer Fields.

You define your ledgers in Customizing for Financial Accounting (New) under Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) → Ledgers → Ledgers . When youcreate a ledger, the system automatically creates a ledger group with the same name.

StructureYou must designate one ledger as the leading ledger.

Parallel ledgers:● Leading ledger

The leading ledger is based on the same accounting principle as that of the consolidated financial statements.

If you use the account approach for parallel accounting, you post all data to the leading ledger.This leading ledger is integrated with all subsidiary ledgers and is updated in all company codes. This means that it is automatically assigned to all companycodes.In each company code, the leading ledger receives exactly the same settings that apply to that company code: the currencies, the fiscal year variant, andthe variant of the posting periods. You can define a second and third parallel currency for your leading ledger for each company code. In Customizing forFinancial Accounting (New) , choose Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) → Ledgers → Ledgers → Define Currencies of Leading Ledger .

● Non-leading ledgerThe non-leading ledgers are parallel ledgers to the leading ledger. They can be based on a local accounting principle, for example. You have to activate anon-leading ledger for the individual company codes.

Posting procedures with subledger or G/L accounts managed on an open item basis always affect all ledgers. This means that you cannotperform ledger-specific postings to subledger or G/L accounts managed on an open item basis. If you manage G/L accounts on an open itembasis to monitor accounting aspects such as reserve allocations and reversals, you need to take additional measures in your internal controlssystem.

Non-leading ledgers can have different fiscal year variants and different posting period variants per company code to the leading ledger of this company code.The second and third currency of the non-leading ledger must be a currency that is managed as second or third currency in the respective company code.However, you do not have to have a second and third currency in the parallel ledgers; these are optional. Alternative currencies are not possible.

For more information about parallel currencies, see Parallel Currencies in Parallel Ledgers.Rollup ledgers:

In addition to your parallel ledgers, you can also define a rollup ledger for special reporting purposes. In a rollup ledger, you can combine summarized data fromother ledgers in General Ledger Accounting. This enables you to compile cumulated reports on different ledgers.

Day ledgers:

You use a day ledger to create a day ledger if you want to create reports for average balances (reports for displaying average daily balances). You can activatethe day ledger for drilldown reporting.

You may not define day ledgers as the leading ledger or as the representative ledger in a ledger group.

ExampleYou create your consolidated financial statements in accordance with the IAS accounting principles. Your individual company codes apply the local accountingprinciples US GAAP or German HGB to produce their financial statements. You therefore create three ledgers:

● Ledger LL (leading ledger) that is managed according to the group accounting principle● Ledger L1 (non-leading ledger) that you activate for all company codes that apply US GAAP● Ledger L2 (non-leading ledger) that you activate for all company codes that apply HGB

1.1 Making Settings for Ledgers

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UseIn General Ledger Accounting, you can use several parallel ledgers. You do this to produce financial statements according to different accounting principles, forexample. You create a ledger for each of the general ledgers you need. You must check the settings of your leading ledger even if you do not use parallel ledgers.

ProcedureYou make the settings listed below in Customizing for Financial Accounting (new) under Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) → Ledgers → Ledgers . 1. Define Ledgers for General Ledger Accounting

Define your ledgers and designate one ledger as leading ledger (see also Ledgers).

When you create a ledger, the system automatically creates a ledger group with the same name. 2. Define Currencies of Leading Ledger

You can define a second and third parallel currency for your leading ledger for each company code.

For more information, see Parallel Currencies in Parallel Ledgers.The following settings are optional: 3. Define and Activate Non-Leading Ledgers

If you use parallel ledgers, define your non-leading ledgers. If necessary, create alternative additional currencies or an alternative fiscal year variant. 4. Assign Scenarios and Customer Fields to Ledgers

Here you can assign the following to your ledgers:○ Scenarios○ Customer fields○ Versions

In versions, you define general settings for the ledger that are fiscal year-dependent. You specify whether actual data is recorded, whether manualplanning is allowed, and whether planning integration with Controlling is activated.

5. Activate Cost of Sales AccountingActivate cost of sales accounting for your company codes if required. If you do this, the functional area is derived and updated for postings in these companycodes. For information about the prerequisites for cost of sales accounting, see the documentation for this IMG activity.

6. Define Ledger GroupYou can combine any number of ledgers in a ledger group. In this way, you simplify the tasks in the individual functions of General Ledger Accounting.

For more information, see Ledger Groups.

ResultYou have made all of the settings required for your ledgers.

For parallel accounting, you can now assign an accounting principle to your ledgers.

1.2 Ledger Groups

DefinitionA ledger group is a combination of ledgers for the purpose of applying the functions and processes of General Ledger Accounting to the group as a whole.

UseYou can combine any number of ledgers in a ledger group. In this way, you simplify the tasks in the individual functions and processes of General LedgerAccounting. For example, you can make a posting simultaneously in several ledgers.

In some General Ledger Accounting functions, you can only specify a ledger group and not individual ledgers. This has the following consequences for thecreation of your ledger groups:

· Each ledger is also created automatically as a ledger group of the same name. You can use these automatically created ledger groups to process anindividual ledger.

· You only have to create those ledger groups that you want to process together in a function using processing for several ledgers.· If you do not enter a ledger group, processing is performed automatically for all ledgers. You therefore do not need to create a ledger group for all ledgers.

You define your ledger groups in Customizing for Financial Accounting (new) under Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) → Ledgers → Ledgers →Define Ledger Group .

StructureRepresentative Ledger of a Ledger Group

When you define each ledger group, you have to designate one of the assigned ledgers as the representative ledger for that ledger group. The system uses the

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representative ledger to determine the posting period during posting and to check whether the posting period is open. The posting is then made to the assignedledgers of the ledger group using the appropriate fiscal year variant for each individual ledger.

When the posting periods of the representative ledger are open, the postings are made to all other assigned ledgers, even if their posting periodsare closed.

The following rules apply for the specification of the representative ledger of a ledger group:· If the ledger group has a leading ledger, the leading ledger must be designated as the representative ledger.· If the ledger group does not have a leading ledger, you must designate one of the assigned ledgers as the representative ledger. During posting, the system

uses the fiscal year variant of the company code to check whether the selection is correct:¡ If all ledgers in the ledger group have a different fiscal year variant to that of the company code, you can designate any ledger as the representative

ledger.¡ If one of the ledgers in the ledger group has the same fiscal year variant as that of the company code, you must designate that ledger as the

representative ledger.

You may be unable to use the same ledger group for all company codes. In that case, you have to create separate ledger groups and, in eachone, designate a different ledger as the representative ledger.

1.3 Day Ledger

DefinitionA day ledger is a totals table with a fiscal year variant of 366 periods and containing all original postings for the general ledger.

UseYou create a day ledger if you want to create reports for average balances (reports for displaying average daily balances). You can activate the day ledger fordrilldown reporting. For more information, refer to SAP Note 599692.

You may not define day ledgers as the leading ledger or as the representative ledger in a ledger group.

ExampleWhen defining a cycle for a ledger, you can specify a ledger group.

You can define this ledger group so that it contains the source ledger and the day ledger.

Note, however, that an allocation is posted as period-end closing on the last day of the period.

Let us assume that you have made the following postings:

Date Amount in EUR

January 5 100

January 8 200

January 17 300

February 5 400

This results in the following balances in the ledgers:

Leading Ledger (16 Periods)Period/Amount

Day LedgerPeriod/Amount

1 / 600 5 / 100

2 / 400 8 / 200

17 / 300

36 / 400

If you perform the allocation for January (postings up until January 31), you distribute EUR 600 to other units:

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Leading Ledger (16 Periods)Period/Amount

Day LedgerPeriod/Amount

1 / 0 5 / 100

2 / 400 8 / 200

17 / 300

31 / -600

36 / 400

For more information on allocation in New General Ledger Accounting, see Allocation.

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