SAROPS SAROPS

Search and Rescue Search and Rescue Optimal Planning SystemOptimal Planning System

SAROPSSAROPS

Technologies for Search, Assistance, Technologies for Search, Assistance, and Rescue Seminar, Le Quartz, Brest, and Rescue Seminar, Le Quartz, Brest,

France, 18 – 20 October 2004 France, 18 – 20 October 2004

Malcolm L. Spaulding Malcolm L. Spaulding

Applied Science Associates, Inc.Applied Science Associates, Inc.(ASA), Narragansett, RI(ASA), Narragansett, RI

SAROPS TeamSAROPS Team

United States Coast GuardUnited States Coast Guard Northrop GrummanNorthrop Grumman Applied Science Associates (ASA) Applied Science Associates (ASA) MetronMetron

ASA - SARMAP Model System

Search & Rescue ProblemSearch & Rescue Problem Create a SAR case when alertedCreate a SAR case when alerted Gather data, estimate uncertaintiesGather data, estimate uncertainties Use model to determine search areaUse model to determine search area Estimate resource availability and capabilityEstimate resource availability and capability Plan the next searchPlan the next search Promulgate the search planPromulgate the search plan Perform the search planPerform the search plan Evaluate the completed searchEvaluate the completed search Repeat above until survivors are found and Repeat above until survivors are found and

rescuedrescued

USCG TransitionUSCG Transition SARTools

– Joint Automated Worksheet (JAWS)Joint Automated Worksheet (JAWS) Near-shore search planningNear-shore search planning Based on 1950’s paper & pencil technologyBased on 1950’s paper & pencil technology

– Computer Assisted Search Planning (CASP)Computer Assisted Search Planning (CASP) Offshore search planningOffshore search planning Based on 1970’s technologyBased on 1970’s technology

SAROPS– Technologically current software toolTechnologically current software tool– Near-shore and offshore search planningNear-shore and offshore search planning– Extensible to land-based search planningExtensible to land-based search planning

SAROPSSAROPS GoalsGoals

To provide fast, simple Search & Rescue To provide fast, simple Search & Rescue predictions predictions

Minimize data entry and potential for errorMinimize data entry and potential for error Automate data linkagesAutomate data linkages

– Environmental data inputsEnvironmental data inputs– Search Action Plan outputs Search Action Plan outputs

Simple visualization of resultsSimple visualization of results

SAROPS Scenario Types

– VoyageVoyage scenario where object can pass through or loiter in a number scenario where object can pass through or loiter in a number of locations (positions or areas) using any combination of great circle of locations (positions or areas) using any combination of great circle and rhumb line routes and rhumb line routes

– Initial Initial PositionPosition (with bivariate normal uncertainty) and time uncertainty (with bivariate normal uncertainty) and time uncertainty for an event, plus an offset for initial location and time of distressfor an event, plus an offset for initial location and time of distress

– PositionsPositions obtained from COSPAS-SARSAT, other GMDSS obtained from COSPAS-SARSAT, other GMDSS– Lines of BearingLines of Bearing (from Radio Direction Finding, Flare Sightings, Loran, (from Radio Direction Finding, Flare Sightings, Loran,

and others)and others)– AreasAreas defined by polygons defined by polygons– ““Reverse DriftReverse Drift” scenarios” scenarios– Scenarios may be “weighted”Scenarios may be “weighted”

COSPAS-SARSAT – Satellite based emergency beacon locator for search and rescue, COSPAS-SARSAT – Satellite based emergency beacon locator for search and rescue, GMDSS – Global Marine Distress Safety SystemGMDSS – Global Marine Distress Safety System

Example ScenarioExample Scenario

Home Port

Fishing Area A

Fishing Area B

Probable Error of Turn Point Position

A Sample Voyage

SAROPS ComponentsSAROPS Components

Graphical User Interface/ (GUI)Graphical User Interface/ (GUI) Environmental Data Server Environmental Data Server

(EDS)(EDS) Simulator (SIM)Simulator (SIM)

GUI RequirementsGUI Requirements Deployable on ESRIDeployable on ESRI®® GIS mapping engine (C/JMTK) GIS mapping engine (C/JMTK) Wizard based interfaceWizard based interface Minimize keystrokesMinimize keystrokes Chart support (vector/raster)Chart support (vector/raster) Display environmental dataDisplay environmental data Animated display capabilitiesAnimated display capabilities Display recommended search plans/areas/patternsDisplay recommended search plans/areas/patterns Display probability maps (by scenario, object type or Display probability maps (by scenario, object type or

combined)combined) ReportingReporting

C/JMTK – Commercial/Joint Mapping Tool KitC/JMTK – Commercial/Joint Mapping Tool Kit

GUI

Simulator (SIM)

Wind Data • User Defined

• Point/Gridded Fields

• Regional

• Global

Current Data • User Defined

• Point/Gridded Fields

• Regional

• Global Results

SRU Deployment

Tools

EN

V. D

ATA

SER

VER

SIM RequirementsSIM Requirements ““Monte Carlo” (particle) simulation (random walk/flight)Monte Carlo” (particle) simulation (random walk/flight)

– Simulate pre-distress motion & fixed hazardsSimulate pre-distress motion & fixed hazards– Simulate distress incidents and outcomesSimulate distress incidents and outcomes– Simulate post-distress motion (drift)Simulate post-distress motion (drift)– Calculate near-optimal search plan (max POS)Calculate near-optimal search plan (max POS)– Simulate simultaneous SRU and search object motion Simulate simultaneous SRU and search object motion

(use POD vs. range at CPA on each leg)(use POD vs. range at CPA on each leg)– Compute cumulative POSCompute cumulative POS– Account for effects of previous unsuccessful searching Account for effects of previous unsuccessful searching

when recommending subsequent search plans.when recommending subsequent search plans.

POD- probability of detection, POS- probability of success, SRU- search rescue unit, POD- probability of detection, POS- probability of success, SRU- search rescue unit, CPA –closest point of approachCPA –closest point of approach

SIMSIM Particle Filter Sample Paths

– Example Below: 10,000 particles, only 5 shown. Time t1 red ellipse Time t2 lavender ellipse Time t3 blue ellipse

t1

t2t3

EDS RequirementsEDS Requirements

Surface current dataSurface current data Surface wind dataSurface wind data Other (visibility, cloud cover, sea state, etc)Other (visibility, cloud cover, sea state, etc) Automatically accommodate variable spatial Automatically accommodate variable spatial

scales/resolutionscales/resolution Select best data availableSelect best data available Global land databaseGlobal land database Expansion of data products and usesExpansion of data products and uses

EDSEDS

Common File Format (netCDF)

Gridded Point Finite Element

SIM

GUI

How do they communicate?How do they communicate?

XML

SHP/DBF

SaropsCOM Extension

SIMSaropsSim

Java

“launch process”

EDS

DBF

NetCDF

.NET Web Services

SAROPS Extension

-GUI

-SIM

EDS

WWW

SAR Tools Extension

- Flares, Patterns, Etc

ArcGIS Mapping Framework

TMS

GEBASE

C O P

EXT

Maptech

Spatial - A

3D Analyst

GeoStat - A

WeatherFlow

C-Map

Other…

MORE

EXT’S

ArcGIS based Architecture - ConceptualArcGIS based Architecture - Conceptual

* COP – Common Operational Picture, GEBASE – USCG GIS data distribution system

SAROPS ScreensSAROPS Screens(Initial Development)(Initial Development)

SAROPS-EDS (COASTMAP)SAROPS-EDS (COASTMAP)Currents:Currents: ** User specifiedUser specified

* NOAA/NOS tidal currents* NOAA/NOS tidal currents* Global atlas* Global atlas* Navy global ocean hydrodynamic * Navy global ocean hydrodynamic

modelmodel* Lake, coastal, and estuarine * Lake, coastal, and estuarine

hydrodynamic modelshydrodynamic models* HF radar systems * HF radar systems

Winds:Winds:* User specified* User specified* Navy global meteorological * Navy global meteorological

modelmodel* NOAA/NWS station forecasts* NOAA/NWS station forecasts

Short and Long Range HF Radar Systems

Short range HF radar

NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Hydrodynamic Forecasting System

Narragansett Bay estuarine hydrodynamics model

Global, atlas based currentsGlobal, atlas based currents

Related Development Demonstration of linkage of SAROPS/

SARMAP to high frequency radar surface current data

Sponsor: US Coast Guard, Research and Development Center

Project Team: Anteon, ASA, University of RI and CT, and Rutgers University

Major Study Components• Link HF radar (Block Island Sound(BIS) and

Mid Atlantic Bight (MAB)) to SARMAP/SAROPS

• Extend development of short term forecasting system to include wind forcing

• Compare random walk and random flight model predictions, using HF radar as input, to observed trajectories of 7 drifting buoys deployed in BIS and MAB

• Demonstration of integrated system in operational setting for USCG