satellitengestütztes atmosphärenmonitoring inkl. … · 2017. 1. 6. ·...

Satellitengestütztes Atmosphärenmonitoringinkl. Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Copernicus Sentinel

SatellitenHeinrich Bovensmann

Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität BremenMit Beiträgen von: Andreas Richter (IUP), John P. Burrows (IUP), Thomas

Wagner (MPI Mainz), Paul Ingmann (ESA), Ben Veihelmann (ESA)

heinrich.bovensmann@uni‐bremen.de | Nationaler Nutzer‐Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./23.11.2016, DWD, Offenbach a.M.| Slide 2

SCIAMACHY on ENVISATSentinel 5 on METOP SG

Sentinel 4 on MTG

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20401995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

IUP, University of Bremen and Sentinel‐5P/‐5/‐4

Sentinel 5 Precursor

GeoSCIA Concept

GOME‐2 METOP

GHG Airborne (passive)CarbonSat DevelopmentEU /ESA CO2 Mission Carbon Constellation

Advisory Groups: SCIAMACHY, GOME, MTG, GMES, Sentinel‐5P, Sentinel‐4/‐5, CarbonSat etc.

UVN Concept

Global Air Quality Contellation

Expertise: remote sensing of atmospheric composition (Ozone, pollutants, greenhouse gases) using solar absorption spectroscopy (240 nm to 2400 nm, ground based, airborne, satellite) and its interpretation.

GOME on ERS‐2OMI


Satellite NO2 Measurements: Principle

DOAS-Analysis

Slant Column

Tropospheric Slant Column

Tropospheric VerticalColumn

RadiativeTransfer Model Airmass Factor


Satellite NO2 Measurements: Example

anthropogenicpollution biomass

burning

ships

transport


SCIAMACHY NO2 shows large changes in air pollution (Hilboll et al., ACP 2013, doi:10.5194/acp‐13‐4145‐2013)

• Strong economic growth in Asia and Middle East increases NOx emissions

• Environmental regulations, cleaner fuel and economic troubles reduce NOx emissions in Europe and the US

• Downward trend has slowed down in Europe after 2002 but accelerated in the US

Nitrogen dioxide from anthropogenic pollution has been increasing in Asia and decreasing in Europe, Japan and the US

Hilboll, A., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Long-term changes of tropospheric NO2 over megacities derived from multiple satellite instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 4145-4169, doi:10.5194/acp-13-4145-2013, 2013


NO2 Trends: Comparison with bottom up emission estimates

• Overall pattern in emission data base is correct• Increase in China is underestimated• Increase in India and Middle East is overestimated• Decrease in Europe / US is underestimated

6

GOME and SCIAMACHY EDGAR v4.2

Hilboll, A., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Long-term changes of tropospheric NO2 over megacities derived from multiple satellite instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 4145-4169, doi:10.5194/acp-13-4145-2013, 2013


NO2 Trends above China

Until 2011, there was continuous increase in NO2

After two years of stagnation, 2014/15 saw a large decrease Economic slow down? Improved technology? Switch in fuels used? Other factors?


Anthropogenic NOx sources: Lifetime

• For large and isolated point sources, OMI observations can be sorted by wind direction

• Plume model provides lifetime• Column + lifetime gives emissions

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Outlook S-5P/-5/-4: 7 x 7 km spatial resolution (and for S-4 hourly measurements duringday time), will allow to track city emissions at least on a monthly basis and with a shortresponse time (some month)


Intermediate Summary …

• Satellite-based solar absoptions spectroscopy demonstrated toprovide unique and usefull data to constrain trends in emissionsand document air pollution changes

• Also demonstrated (SCIAMACHY, GOME, OMI, GOME-2)• Sulfur Dioxide SO2

• Formaldehyde HCHO• Glyoxal CHOCHO• Trop. Ozone• Carbon Monoxide CO• Methane CH4

• Sentinel-5P, -4 and -5 is build on the knowledge gained in theheritage missions

• Carbon Dioxide CO2

• H2O, HDO• Absorbing Aerosol Index• Cloud Top Height• IO, BrO, OClO• Chlorophyll Fluorescence

(Land & Ocean)


The Atmospheric Sentinel Missions

GEO stationary (GEO)–Hourly revisit time over Europe–Mainly air quality–Diurnal cycle of tropospheric compositionSentinel-4 (on MTG-S)

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)– Daily revisit global coverage– Climate, air quality, ozone & UV– Tropospheric & stratospheric

composition Sentinel-5 Precursor Sentinel-5 (on METOP-SG)

L.T. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040Sentinel‐5p 13.30hSentinel‐4 ‐ 1 geoSentinel‐4 ‐ 2 geoSentinel‐5 ‐ 1 09.30hSentinel‐5 ‐ 2 09.30hSentinel‐5 ‐ 3 09.30h


Footprint Size Sentinel‐5P/‐5/‐4

GOME-2

Sciamachy

OMI

Footprint Size (7-8 km)similar for Sentinel-5P, -5, -4

Big step toward resolving sources and tropospheric process studies

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S-5P, S5 will deliver approx. as many cloud-free data points in one day as SCIAMACHY in one year


Sentinel‐5P Spatial Resolution

Sentinel-5Pspatial resolution

Offenbach

Trop. NO2 OMI 2005 – 2010 13 km x 26 km


Sentinel‐5 Precursor and Sentinel‐5 Observation Geometry


Atmospheric Sentinel (S‐5P/S‐5, S‐4) COPERNICUS Level‐2 Products and Applications

Product

Application

AirQuality

ClimateOzone Layer

Radiation Surface UV

Emissions Fluxes

O3 total & trop. column X X X X

O3 profile X X

NO2 total & trop. column X X X

SO2 total column X X X

CHOCHO total column X

CH2O total column X tbc

CO total column LEO ONLY X X X

CH4 total column LEO ONLY X X

Aerosol extinction coeff. profile, column optical depth / type / index

X x X

Cloud optical thickness, fraction, altitude X

Surface reflectance X X

Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services


Spatial resolution of the next generation of atmospheric operational sensors needs to be in the 1‐2 km range (example CH4)

2 km

ΔXCH4 ≈ + 0.84%

7 km

ΔXCH4 ≈ + 0.34%

S5P/S5 (2016-2035)

Airbus

Current Airborne

S5P/S5 “blind” for localized

sources below 7-8 km

Future system with 1-2 km

spatial resolution is able to detect

and quantify localized sources


Morning Flight

Trop. NO2 over Berlin, Thursday 21 April 2016

Afternoon Flight

AirMap = University of Bremen Imaging DOAS flown on Cessna of FU Berlin within ESA funded AROMAPEX campaign.A. Meier, University of Bremen

7 km 7 km


Summary / Recommendations

Remote sensing of atmospheric composition evolved fromscience and pre-operational missions (SCIAMACHY, GOME-1/-2, OMI, ) into operations within COPERNICUS (Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-4, Sentinel-5 and related services) for Ozone, Climate and Air Qualitity applications with data continuityover 2.5 decades.

• The scientific potential of atmospheric Sentinels remain partlyunexplored, due to the lack of funding for science.

• Especially S-4 on MTG and S-5 on METOP-NG offer a lot ofsynergies across sensors on same platform (multi-sensor products), its potential is currently in large parts unexplored.

• Amount of data will challenge data usage.

The atmospheric Sentinels needs to be improved within theSentinel evolution process:

• Adequate (fit-for-purpose) greenhouse gas data (CO2, CH4)• Higher spatial resolution (1-2 km) for Sentinel-4/-5 follow-on

satellitengestütztes atmosphärenmonitoring inkl. … · 2017. 1. 6. ·...

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