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SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai - 119.

SYLLABUS

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMME

IN

MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

(4 SEMESTERS)

REGULATIONS 2010

SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITYREGULATIONS – 2010

Effective from the academic year 2010-2011 and applicable to the students admitted to the Master of Engineering/ Technology / Architecture /Science (Four Semesters)

1. Structure of Programme

1.1 Every Programme will have a curriculum with syllabi consisting of theory and practical such as:

(i) General core courses like Mathematics

(ii) Core course of Engineering / Technology/Architecture / Science

(iii) Elective course for specialization in related fields

(iv) Workshop practice, Computer Practice, laboratory Work, Industrial Training, SeminarPresentation, Project Work, Educational Tours, Camps etc.

1.2 Each semester curriculum shall normally have a blend of lecture course not exceeding 7 and practicalcourse not exceeding 4.

1.3 The medium of instruction, examinations and project report will be English.

2. Duration of the Programme

A student is normally expected to complete the M.E/M.Tech./M.Arch/M.Sc Programme in 4 semesters but inany case not more than 8 consecutive semesters from the time of commencement of the course. TheHead of the Department shall ensure that every teacher imparts instruction as per the number of hours specifiedin the syllabus and that the teacher teaches the full content of the specified syllabus for the course beingtaught.

3. Requirements for Completion of a Semester

A candidate who has fulfilled the following conditions shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirement forcompletion of a semester.

3.1 He/She secures not less than 90% of overall attendance in that semester.

3.2 Candidates who do not have the requisite attendance for the semester will not be permitted towrite the University Exams.

4. Examinations

The examinations shall normally be conducted between October and December during the odd semesters andbetween March and May in the even semesters. The maximum marks for each theory and practical course(including the project work and Viva Voce examination in the Fourth Semester) shall be 100 with the followingbreakup.

(i) Theory Courses

Internal Assessment : 20 Marks

University Exams : 80 Marks

(ii) Practical courses

Internal Assessment : - -

University Exams : 100 Marks

SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BIOENGINEERING

M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) i REGULATIONS 2010

5. Passing requirements

(i) A candidate who secures not less than 50% of total marks prescribed for the course (For all coursesincluding Theory, Practicals and Project work) with a minimum of 40 marks out of 80 in the UniversityTheory Examinations, shall be declared to have passed in the Examination.

(ii) If a candidate fails to secure a Pass in a particular course, it is mandatory that he/she shall reappearfor the examination in that course during the next semester when examination is conducted in thatcourse. However the Internal Assessment marks obtained by the candidate in the first attempt shallbe retained and considered valid for all subsequent attempts.

6. Eligibility for the Award of Degree

A student shall be declared to be eligible for the award of the M.E/M.Tech./M.Arch./M.Sc degree provided thestudent has successfully completed the course requirements and has passed all the prescribed examinations inall the 4 semesters within the maximum period specified in clause 2.

7. Award of Credits and Grades

All assessments of a course will be done on absolute marks basis. However, for the purpose of reporting theperformance of a candidate, Letter Grades will be awarded as per the range of total marks (out of 100) obtainedby the candidate as given below:

RANGE OF MARKS FOR GRADES

Range of Marks Grade Grade Points (GP)

90-100 A++ 10

80-89 A+ 9

70-79 B++ 8

60-69 B+ 7

50-59 C 6

00-49 F 0

ABSENT W 0

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE CALCULATION

The CGPA calculation on a 10 scale basis is used to describe the overall performance of a student inall courses from first semester to the last semester. F and W grades will be excluded for calculating GPAand CGPA.

CGPA = Σi Ci GPi

Σi Ci

where Ci - Credits for the subject

GPi - Grade Point for the subject

Σi - Sum of all subjects successfully cleared during all the semesters


M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) ii REGULATIONS 2010

8. Classification of the Degree Awarded

1 A candidate who qualifies for the award of the Degree having passed the examination in all thecourses of all the semesters in his/her first appearance within a maximum period of 4 consecutivesemesters after commencement of study securing a CGPA not less than 9.0 shall be declared tohave passed the examination in First Class – Exemplary.

2. A candidate who qualifies for the award of the Degree having passed the examination in all thecourses of all the semesters in his/her first appearance within a maximum period of 4 consecutivesemesters after commencement of study, securing a CGPA not less than 7.5 shall be declared tohave passed the examination in First Class with Distinction.

3. A candidate who qualifies for the award of the Degree having passed the examination in all thecourses of all the semesters within a maximum period of 4 consecutive semesters aftercommencement of study securing a CGPA not less than 6.0 shall be declared to have passedthe examination in First Class.

4 All other candidates who qualify for the award of the Degree having passed the examination in allthe courses of all the 4 semesters within a maximum period of 8 consecutive semesters after his/hercommencement of study securing a CGPA not less than 5.0 shall be declared to have passedthe examination in Second Class.

5 A candidate who is absent in semester examination in a course/project work after having registeredfor the same, shall be considered to have appeared in that examination for the purpose ofclassification of degree. For all the above mentioned classification of Degree, the break of studyduring the programme, will be counted for the purpose of classification of degree.

6 A candidate can apply for revaluation of his/her semester examination answer paper in a theorycourse, within 1 week from the declaration of results, on payment of a prescribed fee along withprescribed application to the Controller of Examinations through the Head of Department. TheController of Examination will arrange for the revaluation and the result will be intimated to thecandidate concerned through the Head of the Department. Revaluation is not permitted for practicalcourses and for project work.

Final Degree is awarded based on the following :

CGPA ≥ 9.0 - First Class - Exemplary

CGPA ≥ 7.50 < 9.0 - First Class with Distinction

CGPA ≥ 6.00 < 7.50 - First Class

CGPA ≥ 5.00 < 6.00 - Second Class

Minimum CGPA requirements for award of Degree is 5.0 CGPA.

9. Discipline

Every student is required to observe disciplined and decorous behaviour both inside and outside the Universityand not to indulge in any activity which will tend to bring down the prestige of the University. If a studentindulges in malpractice in any of the University theory / practical examination, he/she shall be liable for punitiveaction as prescribed by the University from time to time.

10. Revision of Regulations and Curriculum

The University may revise, amend or change the regulations, scheme of examinations and syllabi from time totime, if found necessary.


M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) iii REGULATIONS 2010

M. Tech Medical InstrumentationREGULATIONS 2010 – CURRICULUM

SEMESTER I

Sl. No. SUBJECT CODE SUBJECT TITLE L T P C Page No.

THEORY

1 SMTX5007 Advanced Mathematics 3 1 0 4 1

2 SBMX5001 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 3 0 0 3 2

3 SBMX5002 Sensors & Transducers for PhysiologicalMeasurements

3 0 0 3 3

4 SBMX5003 Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation 3 0 0 3 4

5 SBMX5004 Advanced Medical Image Processing 3 0 0 3 5

PRACTICAL

6 SBMX6501 Biomedical Instrumentation Lab 0 0 4 2 9

TOTAL CREDITS 18

SEMESTER II


THEORY

1 SBMX5005 Bio Signal Processing 3 1 0 4 6

2 SECX5005 Embedded System Design 3 0 0 3 7

3 SBMX5006 Physiological Systems Modeling 3 0 0 3 8

4 Elective-I 3 0 0 3

5 Elective-II 3 0 0 3

PRACTICAL

6 SBMX6502 Embedded Systems and Circuits Lab 0 0 4 2 9

TOTAL CREDITS 18


M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) iv REGULATIONS 2010

SEMESTER III


THEORY

1 SBMX5007 Advanced Rehabilitation Engineering 3 1 0 4 10

2 SBMX5008 Neural Network and Fuzzy logic for MedicalApplication

3 0 0 3 11

3 SBMX5009 Computer Based Medical Instrumentation 3 1 0 4 12

4 Elective-III 3 0 0 3

5 Elective-IV 3 0 0 3

PRACTICAL

6 SBMX6503 Advanced Medical Signal & ImageProcessing Lab

0 0 4 2 13

TOTAL CREDITS 19

SEMESTER IV


THEORY

1 S44XPROJ Project Work & Viva Voce 0 0 30 15 13

TOTAL CREDITS 15

TOTAL CREDITS FOR THE COURSE: 70


M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) v REGULATIONS 2010

ELECTIVES

Note: ONE SUBJECT IS TO BE CHOSEN FROM EACH GROUP COMPULSORILY


GROUP – I

1 SBMX5011 Advanced Biosensors 3 0 0 3 15

2 SBMX5012 Biomems and Nanotechnology 3 0 0 3 16

3 SBMX5013 Brain Control Interfaces 3 0 0 3 17

GROUP – II

1 SBMX5014 Computers in Medicine 3 0 0 3 18

2 SBMX5015 Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 3 0 0 3 19

3 SBMX5016 Medical Imaging Techniques & Systems 3 0 0 3 20

GROUP – III

1 SBMX5018 Pattern Recognition and Its Applications 3 0 0 3 22

2 SECX5013 DSP Integrated Circuits 3 0 0 3 23

3 SBMX5020 Fiber Optics and Laser for BiomedicalApplications

3 0 0 3 25

GROUP – IV

1 SBMX5010 Biomaterials and Artificial Organs 3 0 0 3 14

2 SBMX5017 Systems Management In Hospital & HealthPolicy

3 0 0 3 21

3 SBMX5019 Hospital Equipments Maintenance & Safety Management

3 0 0 3 24

L - Lecture hours; T - Tutorial hours; P - Practical hours; C – Credits


M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) vi REGULATIONS 2010

SMTX5007ADVANCED MATHEMATICS

(Common to M.E E&C, Power Electronics & M.Tech Medical

Instrumentation)

L T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

UNIT I MATRIX THEORY 10 hrs.

QR decomposition – Eigen values using shifted QR algorithm- Singular Value Decomposition - Pseudo inverse-Least square approximations

UNIT II CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS 10 hrs.

Concept of Functionals- Euler’s equation – functional dependent on first and higher order derivatives – Functionalson several dependent variables – Iso perimetric problems- Variational problems with moving boundaries

UNIT III TRANSFORM METHODS 10 hrs.

Laplace transform methods for one dimensional wave equation – Displacements in a string – Longitudinal vibrationof a elastic bar – Fourier transform methods for one dimensional heat conduction problems in infinite and semi infiniterod.

UNIT IV ELLIPTIC EQUATION 10 hrs.

Laplace equation – Properties of harmonic functions – Fourier transform methods for Laplace equations. Solutionfor Poisson equation by Fourier transforms method

UNIT V LINEAR AND NON LINEAR PROGRAMMING 10 hrs.

Simplex Algorithm - Two Phase and Big M techniques – Duality theory - Dual Simplex method.

Non Linear Programming – Constrained extremal problems - Lagranges multiplier method - Kuhn - Tuckerconditions and solutions

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Richard Bronson, "Schaum’s Outlines of Theory and Problems of Matrix Operations", McGraw-Hill, 1988. 2. Venkataraman M K, "Higher Engineering Mathematics", National Pub. Co, 1992. 3. Elsgolts, L., "Differential Equations and Calculus of Variations", Mir, 1977. 4. Sneddon,I.N., "Elements of Partial differential equations", Dover Publications, 2006. 5. Sankara Rao, K., "Introduction to partial differential equations", Prentice – Hall of India, 1995 6. Taha H A, “Operations research - An introduction", McMilan Publishing co, 1982.

UNIVERSITY EXAM QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

Max. Marks: 80 Exam Duration: 3 hrs.

Part A: 6 Questions of 5 marks each (No Choice) 30 Marks.

Part B: 2 Questions from each unit of internal choice, each carries 10 Marks 50 Marks.


M.Tech (Medical Instrumentation) 1 REGULATIONS 2010

SBMX5001 INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 10 hrs.

Cell and its cell organelles, Cell structure, Functional characteristics of cell organelles, Cell division: Mitosis andMeiosis, Tissue structure and overview of organ system, Transport through cell membrane, Homeostasis, Patch clamp,Action potential in nerve, Muscle and Heart.

UNIT II GASTROINTESTINAL AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 10 hrs.

Structure of gastrointestinal system, layers in Gastro-intestinal System (deglutition, Peristalsis) movement instomach, small intestine and movements in GI tract and factors regulating the movement. Respiratory pathway, volumescapacities and measurement, respiratory centers and its regulation of respiration, Pulmonary function tests, ArtificialRespiration.

UNIT III ENDOCRINE AND NEURAL REFLEXES 10 hrs.

Endocrine glands and its hormonal action, Structure of kidney, Nephron, Physiology of Urine formation, renalfunction tests, Physiology of micturition reflex, Cystometerogram

UNIT IV CARDIOVASCULAR AND SPECIAL SENSES 10 hrs.

Structure of Heart, Cardiac Cycle, ECG, Arterial Blood Pressure, Structure of Eye and Ear, Errors of refraction,photochemistry of vision and visual pathway, Mechanism of Hearing, Sensation of Taste.

UNIT V NERVOUS SYSTEM 10 hrs.

Neuron, Synapse, Neurotransmitters, Reflex activity, Spinal cord, EEG, Physiology of sleep, Epilepsy,Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), regulation of body temperature, Cortical functions.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Guyton “Text book of Medical Physiology”, WB jaunder company Philadelphia, 2002 2. Cyrul A Keele and Eric Neil “Samsons Wrights Applied physiology” Oxford University press, New Delhi – 1991 3. Ranganathan T S, “Text Book of Human Anatomy”, S. Chand and Company, New Delhi, 1994 4. Best and Taylor, “The livery Body” BC Publication, New Delhi 1980 5. Benjamin-Cummings, “Human Anatomy & Physiology”, Pearson 2007







SBMX5002SENSORS & TRANSDUCERS FORPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS


3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10 hrs.

Sensor architecture and Classification: Medically significant measurands, functional specifications of medicalsensors; Sensor characteristics : linearity, repeatability, hysteresis, drift; Sensor models in the time & frequency domains.

UNIT II PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL SENSORS 10 hrs.

Sensors for physical measurands: strain, force, pressure, acceleration, flow, volume, temperature and biopotentials.Sensors for measurement of chemicals: Potentiometric sensors, ion selective electrodes, ISFETS; Amperometric sensors,Clark Electrode; Biosensors, Catalytic biosensors, Immunosensors.

UNIT III TRANSDUCERS 10 hrs.

Characteristics- Static, Dynamic, Error in the measurements, Classification of transducers - Resistive, Capacitive,Inductive, Photoelectric, piezoelectric and mechanoelectronics, Liquid and solid ion exchange membrane electrode,Enzyme electrode, Principle of fiber optic cable, fiber optic sensors, Photo acoustic sensors, PPG sensors.

UNIT IV ELECTRODES & AMPLIFIERS 10 hrs.

Half cell potential, Reference electrodes, polarization effects, Polarisable and nonpolarisable electrodes, Microelectrodes, Equivalent Circuits, Signal Conditioning circuits- Characteristics of Amplifiers , Differential Amplifiers, Filters,A/D Converters.

UNIT V NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS 10 hrs.

Measurements of Respiration Rate, Temperature, Pulse rate, Blood pressure Measurements- Direct, Indirect,Blood flow Measurements – Invitro, Invivo, Gas flow measurements.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Richard S.C. Cobbold, “Transducers for Biomedical Measurements: Principles and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, 1992 2. A.P.F. Turner, I. Karube & G.S. Wilson, “Biosensors : Fundamentals & Applications”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987. 3. Rangan C.S., Sarma G.R., and Mani V.S.V., “Instrumentation devices and system”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company limited,

New Delhi, 2006. 4. John G.Webster, “Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design”, John willey and sons,1999 5. Jacob Kline, “Handbook of Bio Medical Engineering”, Academic press Inc., Sandiego, 1988.







SBMX5003 ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS & ELECTRODES 10 hrs.

Sources of biomedical signals, basic medical instrumentation system, General constraints in design of medicalinstrumentation systems, origin of bioelectric signals, ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, ERG, Recording Electrodes –Electrode-tissue interface, polarization, skin contact impedance, motion artifacts, Silver-Silver Chloride electrodes,Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG, Electrical conductivity of electrode jellies and creams, microelectrodes.Electrocardiograph-block diagram, ECG leads, Phonocardiograph-origin of heart sounds, microphones and amplifiersfor PCG

UNIT II CARDIAC SYSTEM AND MONITORS 10 hrs.

Need for cardiac pacemaker, external pacemaker, implantable pacemakers-types, ventricular synchronous demandpacemaker, programmable pacemaker, power sources for implantable pacemakers. Need for defibrillator, DC defibrillator,automatic external defibrillator, implantable defibrillators. Cardiac monitor, bedside patient monitoring system,measurement of heart rate-average and instantaneous heart rate meters, measurement of pulse rate, ultrasonic Dopplershift method, arrhythmia monitor, exercise stress testing-treadmill test, ambulatory monitoring-data recording.

UNIT III DIATHERMY, STIMULATOR AND SAFETY MEASUREMENTS 10 hrs.

Physiological effects of HF radiation, Depth of Penetration, short wave, Ultrasonic and microwave diathermy,Surgical diathermy, Galvanic Stimulators, Faradic Stimulators, Interferential current therapy, Leakage current, Micro andmacro electric shock, Ground Fault Circuit Interrupt (GFCI), Earthing Scheme. Elements of electrical safety; Built-insafety features for medical instruments.

UNIT IV ASSISTIVE DEVICES 10 hrs.

Heart lung machine. Different types of Oxygenators, Pumps, Pulsatile and Continuous Types, Monitoring Process.Hemodialyser-Indication and Principle of Hemodialysis, Membrane, Dialyasate, Different types of heamodialisers,Wearable Artificial Kidney, Implanting Type. Respiratory aids - Intermittent positive pressure, Breathing ApparatusOperating Sequence, Electronic IPPB unit with monitoring for all respiratory parameters.

UNIT V ULTRASONIC AND THERAPEUTIC INSTRUMENTS 10 hrs.

Basic principles of Echo technique, display techniques A, B, M modes, Echo cardiograms, Echo encephalogram,Ultrasonic applied as diagnostic tool in ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology. Lithotriptors- principle, modernlithotripter - Infusion pumps-principle and programmable volumetric infusion pump. Principle of endoscopy andlaproscopy.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Joseph J Carr and John M Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical equipment Technology”, Pearson Education, New Delhi 2001. 2. Albert M Cook and Webster J G, “Theraputic medical devices”, Prentice Hall New York 1982 3. Heinz Kresse, “Handbook of Electro medicine”, John Wiely & Sons, 1985 4. Webster J.G, “Medical Instrumentation application and design”, John Wiley and sons New York, 1999 5. Jacobson B and Webster J G, “Medical and Clinical Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India New Delhi 1999 6. Leslie Cromwell , Fred J.Weibell and Erich A.Pfeiffer, “Biomedical Instrumentation” Prentice Hall New Delhi 2000 7. Khandpur R.S, “Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill publication, New Delhi, 2003 8. John Denis Enderle, Joseph D. Bronzino, Susan M. Blanchard, “Introduction to Biomedical Engineering”, Academic Press, 2005.







SBMX5004 ADVANCED MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSINGL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS 10 hrs.

Introduction fundamental steps in DIP – Simple image formation model, Representing digital Image, Spatial andgrey level resolution, basic relation ship between pixels. Image perception, MTF of the visual system, Image fidelitycriteria, Image model, Image sampling and quantization – two dimensional sampling theory, Image quantization, Optimummean square quantizer, Image transforms – 2D-DFT , The Fourier Transform and Spectral content -Modulation Transferfunction-SNR-Measures-Application in Image sharpness and acutance.

UNIT II REMOVAL OF ARTIFACTS 10 hrs.Characterizations of artifacts- Synchronized averaging-Space domain local statistics based filters-frequency domain

filters-Matrix representation of image processing-Optimal filtering-Adaptive filters-Comparative analysis of filters for noiseremoval- Application- confocal microscopy, noise reduction in NMI.

UNIT III MEDICAL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND ROI 10 hrs.Dual energy in X ray imaging - Temporal subtraction- Gray scale transform- histogram Transformation-convolution

mask operators-High frequency Emphasis- Homomorphic filtering-Adaptive contrast. Application- contrast enhancementof mammograms. Detection of ROI- thresholding and detection-Edge detection- segmentation and region growing-Fuzzyset based region growing to detect breast tumours-Detection of objects of Known geometry-Methods of improvementof contour. Applications- Detection of spinal canal, Breast boundary, Pectoral muscle, Breast masses.

UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF SHAPE, TEXTURE AND PATTERN 10 hrs.

Representation of shapes and contours-shape factor- Fourier descriptors- Application-Shape analysis of breastmasses and tumours. Models for generation of texture- Statistical analysis- Fractal analysis-Segmentation and structuralanalysis of texture. Audification and sonfication of texture in images. Application: Analysis of breast masses usingtexture and gradient measures. Measures of directional distribution-directional filtering-Gabor filters-directional analysisvia multiscale edge detection Hough-Random Transforms analysis-application-detection of breast tumours-bilateralasymmetry, architectural distortion in mammograms

UNIT V IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND COMPRESSION 10 hrs.

Projection geometry- Fourier Slice theorem- Back projection-Algebraic reconstruction-Micro tomography-Application:Tumour analysis in neuroblastoma. Consideration based on information theorem-Direct source coding-Application ofSource coding of digitized mammograms-Interpolative coding-Predictive coding-Image coding and compressionstandards. Segmentation based adaptive scanning-enhanced JBIG coding-application-teleradiology-patternclassification-supervised and unsupervised pattern classification-measures of diagnostic accuracy- application-imageenhancement for breast cancer screening-content based retrieval and analysis of breast masses ECG beats

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,”Biomedical Image Analysis”, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, 2005 2. Atam P.Dhawan, ‘Medical Image Analysis’, Wiley Interscience Publication, NJ, USA 2003. 3. R.C.Gonzalez and R.E.Woods, ‘Digital Image Processing’, Pearson Education, 2002. 4. Anil. K. Jain, ‘Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing’, Pearson Education, Indian Reprint 2003. 5. Alfred Horowitz, ‘MRI Physics for Radiologists – A Visual Approach’, Springer Verlag Network, 1991.


Max. Marks: 80 Exam Duration: 3 hrs.Part A: 6 Questions of 5 marks each (No Choice) 30 Marks.Part B: 2 Questions from each unit of internal choice, each carries 10 Marks 50 Marks.



SBMX5005 BIO SIGNAL PROCESSINGL T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

UNIT I REVIEW OF BASICS & REAL TIME TRANSFORMS 10 hrs.Convolution, Correlation, DFT, and FFT, Real Time Transforms: Discrete Cosine Transform, Walsh Transform,

Hadamard Transform and Wavelet Transform.

UNIT II EVENT DETECTION 10 hrs.Detection of events and waves – Derivative based operators in QRS detection – Pan Tompkins algorithm -

Correlation analysis- ACF and CCF in rhythm analysis – Cross - spectral techniques - Murmur detection - Homomorphicfiltering – Matched filters – Wavelet detection – Spike and wave detection-Extraction of vocal tract response and otherapplications.

UNIT III ECG DATA REDUCTION 10 hrs.Direct data compression Techniques: Turning Point, AZTEC, Cortes, FAN, Transformation Compression

Techniques: Karhunen-Loeve Transform, Other data compression Techniques: DPCM, Huffman coding, Datacompression Techniques comparison

UNIT IV FILTERING 10 hrs.Time domain filtering – Synchronous averaging, Moving average filters, Frequency domain filters – Design of

Butterworth filters- optimal filtering, Adaptive noise cancellation - LMS and RLS algorithms in adaptive filtering –Application of these techniques in removal of artifacts in bio-signals.

UNIT V BIOSIGNAL CLASSIFICATION AND RECOGNITION 10 hrs.Signal classification and recognition – Statistical signal classification, linear discriminate function, direct feature

selection and ordering, Back propagation neural network based classification. Application in Normal versus EctopicECG beats

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Arnon Cohen, Bio-Medical Signal Processing Vol I and Vol II, CRC Press Inc., Boca Rato, Florida 1999. 2. Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, ‘Biomedical Signal Analysis-A case study approach’, Wiley- Interscience/IEEE Press, 2002 3. Willis J. Tompkins, Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003. 4. Raghuveer M. Rao and Ajith S.Bopardikar, Wavelets transform – Introduction to theory and its applications, Pearson Education,

India 2000. 5. Dr.P. Ramesh Babu, ‘Digital Signal Processing’ Scitech Publications, 2010 6. D.C.Reddy,”Biomedical Signal Processing – Principles and Techniques”,TMH, New Delhi, 2005 7. Avtar Singh and S Srinivasan “ Digital Signal Processing”, Thomson Publishing, Singapore, 2004.





SECX5005EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

(Common to Appl. Elect., Embedded system, VLSI, E&C &

Medical Instrumentation)


3 0 0 3 100


Embedded system- characteristics of embedded system- categories of embedded system- requirements ofembedded systems- challenges and design issues of embedded system- trends in embedded system- systemintegration- hardware and software partition- applications of embedded system- control system and industrial automationbiomedical- data communication system-network information appliances- IVR systems- GPS systems.

UNIT II DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 10 hrs.

Development of software architecture – simple round robin architecturedesign and implementation of digitalmultimeter- round robin with interrupt architecture- implementation of communication bridge- function queue schedulingarchitecture- RTOS architecture.

UNIT III HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE 10 hrs.

Hardware architecture- block schematic of a typical hardware architecture- CPU memory I/O Devices - designwith microprocessors development-ADC- DAC interfacing LED/LCD interfacing. Case study of processor- 16 bit and32 bit processor-DSP processor.

UNIT IV EMBEDDED SYSTEM PLATFORM AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLS 10 hrs.

Inter process communication- UART-IEEE 1394-IRDA-USB-PCI development tools- EPROM ERASER-signaturevalidator- accelerated design for video accelerator.

UNIT V OVERVIEW OF DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES 10 hrs.

Design methodologies and tools- designing hardware and software components- system analysis and architecturedesign- system integration- structural and behavioral description smart cards.

TEXT BOOK 1. Wayne Wolf, “Computers as components”, Morgan Kaufmann publishers, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Jean J. Labrosse, “Embedded system building blocks”, CMP books, 1999. 2. Arnold Berger, “Embedded system design”, CMP books, 2001. 3. Narayan and Gong, “Specifications and design of embedded systems”, Pearson education, 1999.





SBMX5006 PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MODELINGL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10 hrs.System Analysis Concept, Physiological control systems analysis, Differentiate between Engineering and

physiological control system, System Properties: Resistance, Piece-Wise Linear Approximation, Electrical Analog forCompliance, Storage in Thermal System, and Storage in Mechanical Systems.

UNIT II MATHEMATICAL MODELING 10 hrs.Generalized System properties, Models with combinations of system elements, Linear models of Physiological

Systems with Examples, Distributed-parameter versus Lumped-parameter model, Linear systems and the superpositionprinciple, Transfer Functions.

UNIT III STATIC ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 10 hrs.Open-Loop versus Closed-Loop Systems, Determination of the Steady-State Operating Point, Regulation of

Cardiac Output, Regulation of Glucose, Chemical regulation of Ventilation.

UNIT IV TIME RESPONSE & FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SYSTEM 10 hrs.Linearized Respiratory Mechanics, First-Order & Second Order Impulse and Step response, Generalized

Second-order Dynamics, Transient Response Descriptors. Bode Plot Representation, Polar Plots, Frequency Responseof a Model of Circulatory Control, Frequency Response of Glucose-Insulin Regulation.

UNIT V STABILITY ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 10 hrs.Stability and Transient Response, Root Locus, Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion, Stability Analysis of Pupillary

Light Reflex (Using Routh-Hurwitz Analysis), Model of Cheyne - Stokes Breathing. Identification of Physiological ControlSystems: Basic Problems in Physiological Analysis, The Starling Heart-lung preparation, Minimal Model of Blood GlucoseRegulation, Closed loop identification of the Respiratory control system.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. William B. Blesser, A System Approach to Biomedicine, McGraw Hill Book Co, New York, 1969. 2. Manfreo Clynes and John H. Milsum, Biomedical Engineering System, McGraw Hill and Co, New York, 1970. 3. Douglas S. Rigg, Control Theory and Physiological Feedback Mechanism, The William and Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1970. 4. Richard Skalak and Shu Chien, Hand Book of Biomedical Engineering, McGraw Hill and Co, New York, 1987. 5. Michael C.K. Khoo, "Physiological Control System" - Analysis, Simulation and Estimation"- Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001





SBMX6501 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION LABL T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 4 2 100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Design of ECG Amplifier using Instrumentation Amplifier

2. Heart Rate Measurement

3. Study of Electrical activities of Skeletal Muscles

4. Respiration Rate Measurement.

5. Identification of Heart Sounds

6. Study of Defibrillator

7. Study of Pacemaker.

8. Study of Heart Lung Machine.

9. Study of Haemodialysis.

10. Study of Short wave Diathermy.

SBMX6502 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND CIRCUITS LABL T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 4 2 100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Experiments based on Advanced Analog Integrated Circuitsa. Analog System Design using op-amp

2. Experiments based on Advanced Digital System Designa. Combinational Circuits design

b. Sequential Circuits Design

3. Experiments based on Advanced Microcontrollers & Embedded Systemsa. System Design using PIC Microcontroller

b. System Design using AVR Microcontroller

c. ARM Processor based experiments



SBMX5007 ADVANCED REHABILITATION ENGINEERINGL T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10 hrs.Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering, Principles involved in rehabilitation engineering. Steps in patient

management, Epidemiology of Rehabilitation, Health, Levels of Prevention, Preventive Rehabilitation, Diagnosis ofDisability and Functional Diagnosis, Medical Rehabilitation.

UNIT II ERGONOMICS & REHABILITATION TEAM 10 hrs.Ergonomics: Introduction to Ergonomics, Principles of Ergonomics Basic Cognitive, Developing an Ergonomic

Program, Ergonomic Issues Related to Posture, Frequent Types of Injuries Related to Workplace Design, Occupationaland Human Stress. Rehabilitation Team: The Role of Physiatrist, Occupational Therapist, Physical Therapist, Prosthetist- Orthotist, Rehabilitation nurse & biomedical engineer.

UNIT III ORTHOTICS 10 hrs.General orthotics, Classification of orthotics - functional & regional, General principles of orthotics, Biomechanics

of orthotics, merits & demerits of orthotics, Material design consideration in orthotics, Different types of orthotics -Spinal orthotics, Cervical, Thoracic orthotics, Thoraco-Lumbar Sacral orthotics, Lumbo sacro orthotics, Splints-itsfunctions & types.

UNIT IV PROSTHETICS 10 hrs.Fundamentals, FES Systems - Restoration of Hand Functions, Restoration of Standing & Walking, Hybrid Assistive

systems. Active Prostheses - Active above knee prostheses, Myoelectric Hand and Arm Prostheses. Rehabilitation oflower limb amputation, preoperative & post operative period.

UNIT V COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS & MOBILITY AIDS 10 hrs.

Communication systems: Augmentative communication - general form of communication, types of visual aids,Hearing aids, Types of conventional hearing aid, Writing aids. Mobility Aids: Walking frames, Parallel bars, Rollators,Quadripods, Tripods & walking sticks, Crutches, Wheel chairs, specialized wheel chairs.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Dr.S.Sunder , “Rehabilitation Medicine” , Jaypee Medical Publications,2010. 2. Joseph D.Bronzino , “The Biomedical Engineering Handbook” Volume-II, CRC Press 2006 3. G. Salvendy, “Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics”, Wiley, 2006. 4. Kondraske, G. V, “Rehabilitation Engineering”, CRC press 1995 5. Charles J. Robinson “Rehabilitation Engineering, Science and Technology, CRC Press, 1997.





SBMX5008NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC FOR

MEDICAL APPLICATIONL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100


Learning and adaptation, neural network learning rules - single layer networks – Perception, Adaptive linearneuron (Adeline) and LMS algorithm Multilayer Perception - Error back propagation algorithm, generalized delta rule.

UNIT II SOM AND ART 10 hrs.

Counter propagation network, feature mapping, self organizing feature maps, Adaptive Resonance theory (ART)Network.

UNIT III GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND SVM 10 hrs.

Evolution, search spaces and fitness landscapes, Elements of Genetic Algorithms, Data structures, AdaptiveEncoding. Selective Methods, Genetic operators, Fitness Scaling, Support Vector machines.

UNIT IV FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEMS 10 hrs.

Basics of fuzzy logic theory, mathematical similarities between neural networks and fuzzy logic models, fuzzyadditive models.

UNIT V ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 10 hrs.

Evolving neural networks using GA, Applications of ANN in biomedical signal analysis and medical image analysis

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. James A. Freeman & David M. Skapura, “Neural Networks Algorithms, Applications, and Programming Techniques”, Pearson

Education 1991. 2. S. Haykin, “Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation” Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd/prentice Hall of India, 2003. 3. M.T.Hagan, H.B.Demuth and M.Beale, “Neural Network Design”, Thomson Learning, 2002. 4. David Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and machine learning, Addison – Wesley USA 1997. 5. Bart Kosko, “Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems”. Prentice Hall of India, 2005 6. Melanie Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms: Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi 1998. 7. George J. Klir and Bo yaun, “Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Application”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001







SBMX5009 COMPUTER BASED MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONL T P Credits Total Marks

3 1 0 4 100


Generalized Instrumentation system - Feature of personal computer - PC based Instrumentation system - Principleof signal conditioning - Operational Amplifier - Bridge circuits – Filters - Other circuits and noise reduction techniques.

UNIT II PRINCIPLE OF DATA ACQUISTION 10 hrs.

Sampling concepts – DAC – ADC - Data acquisition system and configurations.

UNIT III HARDWARE ORGANIZATION OF PC 10 hrs.

Motherboard components - system resources - system and peripheral control chips – Peripherals - BIOS services.Interfacing: Expansion buses - parallel port.

UNIT IV DATA ACQUISITION 10 hrs.

Overview of GPIB – commands – programming - expanding GPIB - SCPI. Serial Communication - Interfacestandard - PC serial port - Microcontroller serial interface - USB.

UNIT V BIOMETRICS FOR NETWORK SECURITY 10 hrs.

Introduction to Biometrics and its characteristics, Finger print technology, feature extraction and classification,Face recognition and hand geometry - feature extraction and classification, Biometric authentication system

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Mathivanan, “PC-based instrumentation: concepts and practice”, Prentice Hall India Pvt Ltd., 2007 2. Michael H. Tooley, “PC-based instrumentation and control”, Newnes Publications, 2003 3. Patrick H. Garrett,” High performance Instrumentation and Automation”, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2005. 4. Atul Khate, Cryptography and network security, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2008







SBMX6503ADVANCED MEDICAL SIGNAL & IMAGE

PROCESSING LABL T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 4 2 100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSINGa. Study of Basic commands in MATLAB

b. Image Linear Filtering and Transforms

c. Image Segmentation

d. Image Restoration techniques

e. Image registration

f. Image Analysis

g. Enhancement and restoration

h. Morphological Operation

i. Experiments based on Image Texture analysis and Image arithmetic

j. Experiments based on ROI-Based, Neighborhood, Color maps, Color Space and Block Processing

2. MEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGa. Least Squares, Orthogonality, and Fourier series

b. Correlation, Fourier Spectra and the Sampling Theorem

c. Linear systems and Transfer Function

d. FIR Filter Design for Biomedical signal processing

e. IIR Filter Design for Biomedical signal processing

f. Study of ECG, EMG, EEG Signal Analysis

g. ECG noise cancellation

h. Biomedical Signal Compression

S44XPROJ PROJECT WORK AND VIVA VOCEL T P Credits Total Marks

0 0 30 15 100

The objective of the project work is to make use of the knowledge gained by the student at various stages ofthe degree course. Students, will also be permitted to undertake industrial/consultancy project Work, outside thedepartment, in industries/Research labs.

There shall be three assessments during the semester by a review committee. The student shall make threepresentations on the progress made before the committee at various stages of the Project work. The Head of theDepartment shall constitute the review committee for each branch of study. The total marks obtained in the threereviews, shall be taken in to account. There will be a viva-voce examination at the end of the Project work, conductedby one internal examiner and one external examiner. The total marks secured will be the sum of marks secured inthe Project reviews and Viva Voce Examination.

Each student is required to submit a Project report on the project assigned to him by the department. Thereport should be based on the information available in the literature or data obtained by the student by way ofexperiments conducted in the laboratory / industry.



SBMX5010 BIOMATERIALS AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANSL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100


Introduction to Biomaterials, Biomaterials in organs and body systems, performance of biomaterials, metallicbiomaterials, Ceramic biomaterials, polymeric biomaterials, composite biomaterials, biodegradable polymers.

UNIT II TISSUE RESPONSE TO IMPLANTS 10 hrs.

Tissue derived biomaterials, Hard tissue replacements, Soft tissue replacements, Normal Wound healing process,Body response to implants, Preservation techniques for biomaterials.

UNIT III ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 10 hrs.

Introduction, outlook for organ replacements, design consideration, evaluation process

UNIT IV BLOOD INTERFACING IMPLANTS 10 hrs.

Neural and neuromuscular implants, heart valve implants, heart and lung assist devices, artificial heart, cardiacpacemakers, artificial kidney dialysis membrane, eye and ear implants, artificial blood.

UNIT V TRANSPLANTS 10 hrs.

Overview, Immunological considerations, Blood transfusions, individual organs – kidney, liver, heart and lung,bone marrow, cornea, Regeneration.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. J D Bronzino, Biomedical Engineering handbook Volume II, (CRC Press / IEEE Press), 2000. 2. R S Khandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation,Tata McGraw Hill, 2003 3. Joon B Park, Biomaterials – An Introduction, Plenum press, New York, 1992.







SBMX5011 ADVANCED BIOSENSORSL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100


Overview of Biosensors, Fundamental elements of biosensor devices, advantages and limitations, componentsof biological elements and their immobilization techniques. Desired characteristics of biosensors: reliability, simplicity,cost, and related parameters

UNIT II TRANSDUCERS IN BIOSENSOR 10 hrs.

Choice of Transduction Parameter, types of transducer- resistive, conductive, inductive, Photoelectric, piezoelectricand mechano-electronics. Biochip – introduction -Gene chip, Cantilever based chemical sensors - AFM, FAB.

UNIT III MICROMACHINING FOR BIOSENSORS 10 hrs.

Introduction, etching, surface micromachining, LIGA, HEXSIL, micro channel fabrication- bulk and surfacemicromachining, bonding- gluing, fusion and HF bonding.

UNIT IV POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS & AMPEROMETRIC SENSORS 10 hrs.

Define Electric Potential, Measuring electrode potential -glass electrode , Ion-selective electrodes - MeasurementConsiderations - Potentiometric solid-state sensors .The working of Potentiostat - Amperometric Oxygen SensorSemiconductor Gas Sensors

UNIT V SEMICONDUCTORS-FIELD EFFECT DEVICES & FIBER OPTICS SENSORS 10 hrs.

Field effect transistors (FETs) as transducers in electrochemical sensors - ISFET, MOSFET, ENFET,Mass-sensitive sensors (Piezoelectric devices) Piezoelectric effect Piezoelectric Materials – An Overview The quartzcrystal microbalance.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. B.R. Eggins, Chemical sensors and biosensors, Wiley, New York, 2002. 2. G. Ramsay (Ed.), Commercial biosensors: applications to clinical, bioprocess, and environmental samples, Wiley, New York, 1998. 3. Kumar S, Non materials for Biosensors, Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences series, Wiley, 2007 4. Elizabeth A. H. Hall, “Biosensors” Prentice Hall Press, 1971.







SBMX5012 BIOMEMS AND NANOTECHNOLOGYL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I MEMS AND MICROSYSTEMS 10 hrs.

Mems and Microsystems-General principles, advantages, materials used- properties, Technology involved inMEMS. Fabrication techniques- Lithography- etching- Ion implantation- wafer bonding. Integrated processing- Bulk Micromachining- Surface micro machining- coating technology and CVD- LIGA process..

UNIT II MICROSENSORS AND MICROACTUATORS 10 hrs.

Microsensors and Microactuators –working principle, types- pressure sensors, thermal sensors and actuators,piezoelectric crystals-Intelligent materials and structures, Magnetic sensors and actuators- magnetic materials used forMEMS.

UNIT III MEMS AND MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEM 10 hrs.Principle of MOEMS- light modulator, beam splitter, digital micro mirror device, light detectors and optical switch.

Micro fluidic System- Fluid actuation method, dielectrophoresis, micro fluid dispenser, micro needle, micro pumps.

Application of BioMEMS: Healthcare, drug delivery, micrototal analysis system detection and measurementmethods, electronic nose, biochip.

UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY 10 hrs.

Essence of Nanotech, Nanofying electronics, Properties of nanomaterials, metal nano clusters, semiconductornano particles, nano composites. Introduction to carbon nano structure, carbon molecules, carbon clusters, nanotubes-application.

UNIT V MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 10 hrs.Nanotechnology and Biomedicine-Drug synthesis and delivery – Nanobiomedicine and diagnostic-nano fabrication

methods-nanomaterials in human body- toxicity in nanomaterials.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Tai Ram Hsu, “Mems and Microsystems, Design and Manufacture”, McGraw Hill, 2002. 2. Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, “MEMS: Introduction and Fundamentals”, CRC Press, 2005. 3. Marc J Madou, “Fundamentals of Microfabrication and Nanotechnology”, CRC Press, 2011. 4. Hari Singh Nalwa, “Encylopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, American Scientific Publishers, 2004. 5. Neelina H. Malsch, “Biomedical Nanotechnology”, CRC Press, 2005. 6. Richard Booker, Earl Boysen, “Nanotechnology”, Wiley, 2005





SBMX5013 BRAIN CONTROL INTERFACESL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I INTRODUCTION OF BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACES 10 hrs.

Brain Computer Interfaces working-measurement-Mental Strategies and Brain Patterns-Signal Processing-BCIPerformance-BCI Performance-application.

UNIT II BRAIN SIGNALS FOR BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACES 10 hrs.

Introduction and Principle of brain computer interface-Brain Signals for BCIs and Their NeurophysiologicalOrigins-Brain Signal Features Measured from the Cortical Surface-Brain Signal Features Measured Within the Cortex-Requirements for Continued Progress.

UNIT III NEUROFEEDBACK TRAINING FOR BCI CONTROL 10 hrs.

Introduction and principle-Training Paradigms for BCI Control-Impact and Consideration.The Graz BCI-MotorImagery as Mental Strategy-Extraction and Selection-Frequency Band and Electrode Selection.

UNIT IV DETECTING MENTAL STATES BY MACHINE LEARNING 10 hrs.

Introduction - The Machine Learning Approach-Neurophysiological Features. Processing and Machine LearningTechniques-Common Spatial Patterns Analysis-Regularized Linear Classification-BBCI Control Using MotorParadigms-Applications of BBCI Technology-Analysis.

UNIT V PRACTICAL DESIGNS OF BRAIN CONTROL INTERFACE 10 hrs.

Introduction-BCIs Based on the Modulation of Brain Rhythms-Challenges Confronting Practical SystemDesigns-Modulation and Demodulation Methods for Brain Rhythms-Designs of Practical BCIs-Designs of a PracticalMotor Imagery Based BCI-Potential Applications.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Bernhard Graimann, Brendan Allison and Gert Pfurtscheller, “Brain Computer Interfaces”, Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London

New York, 2010. 2. Special Issue on Brain Control Interfaces, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol 14, 2006 . 3. Jose del R.Millan et al, “Non-invasive brain actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedi cal

Engineering, Vol 51, No.6, 2004







SBMX5014 COMPUTERS IN MEDICINEL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I HEALTH INFORMATICS & MEDICAL STANDARDS 10 hrs.

Introduction, Needs of computers in medicine, Historical highlights and Evolution, Hospital Information System –its characteristics and functional online and offline modules, e – health services, Medical Standards – HL7 – DICOM– PACS, Medical data formats – Bioethics.

UNIT II MEDICAL INFORMATICS 10 hrs.

Definitions and its six levels of interfacing, Electronic Patient Records - Biometrics, Telemedicine – Technologiesand applications, Evidence Based Medicine, Virtual Reality and Multimedia applications in Medicine – Virtual Hospital

UNIT III BIOMEDICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10 hrs.

Genesis of JAVA, Data types, Operators, Control statements, Classes – Inheritance – packages and interfaces– I/O applets, String handling Applet Classes – AWT and Swing classes - Java applets, Java servelets, Java scriptprogramming, Creating events, interactive forms, frames, documents, spread sheets and windows- Client – Serverprogramming

UNIT IV MEDICAL DATA COMPRESSION, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL 10 hrs.

Introduction, Picture Compression, Compression in the DICOM Standard, Data Compression for DynamicFunctional Images, Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval: Image Retrieval by Physical Visual Features, GeometricSpatial Filters, Combination of Semantic and Visual Features and Physiologically functional features.

UNIT V DATA COMMUNICATION, NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE, SECURITY & PROTECTION FOR MEDICAL IMAGES 10 hrs.

Transmission and Communication Technologies, The Internet and World Wide Web, Wireless an MobileTechnologies in M-Health, Sensor Networks for Health Monitoring, Applications of Wireless Technologies inTelemedicine, Overview of Cryptographic system, Digital Watermarking, Medical Image Watermarking, Region-BasedReversible Watermarking for Secure Positron Emission Tomography Image Management.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Ramachandra Lele, Computers in Medicine Progress in Medical Informatics, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 2005 2. Herbert Schildt, The Complete Reference – JAVA, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2005 3. Mohan Bansal M S, Medical Informatics, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2005 4. David Dagan Feng, “Biomedical Information Technology”, Academic Press series in Biomedical Engineering, 2008.


Max. Marks: 80 Exam Duration: 3 hrs.Part A: 6 Questions of 5 marks each (No Choice) 30 Marks.




SBMX5015 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICSL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 10 hrs.

Definition, AI versus Natural Intelligence, Defining a problem- characteristic, Search, Production Systems-characteristics, issues in design of search programs, heuristic search technique - hill climbing, best first search, problemreduction.

UNIT II KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 10 hrs.

Representation and mapping, Knowledge Types, Knowledge representation using rules, predicate logic, symbolicreasoning under uncertainty, statistical reasoning- probability and bayes’ theorem, Dempster-Shafer theory. Characteristicof AI language- PROLOG and LISP definition.

UNIT III INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS 10 hrs.

Classification of robots, basic robot components, manipulator end effectors, controller, accuracy precision andrepeatability. Robotic vision system, Position, velocity and acceleration sensors, proximity and range sensors, touchand slip sensors, tactile sensors, and force and torque sensors.

UNIT IV ROBOT MOTION ANALYSIS 10 hrs.

Manipulator Kinematics, Inverse Manipulator Kinematics, Manipulator Dynamics-Newton-Euler and Lagrangeformulation

UNIT V ROBOT APPLICATIONS 10 hrs.

material transfer and machine loading /unloading, processing applications, welding and painting assembly andinspection, future robotic applications and related technologies developments.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Mikell P. Groover, Mite chell Weiss, Roger Negal and Nicholes G.Odress, “Industrial Robotics Technology – Programming and

Applications, McGraw-Hill. 2. Fu, Gonzalez And Lee: Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision And Intelligence, McGraw-Hill,1987 3. Elaine Rich And Kevin Knight ‘ Artificial Intelligence’, McGraw-Hill, 1983 4. George F. Luger “Artificial Intelligence – Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving”, Pearson Education, 2003. 5. Russell & Norvig, second edition, “Artificial Intelligence ‘a Modern Approach”, Pearson Education, 2003. 6. Dan W.Patterson, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems- Prentice Hall of India, 1990







SBMX5016 MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES & SYSTEMSL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100


Basic imaging principle image modalities, Image properties Projection radiography, interaction between X – Raysand matter, Intensity of an X – Ray, Attenuation, X – Ray Generation and Generators, Beam Restrictors and Grids,Intensifying screens, fluorescent screens and image intensifiers, X – Ray, detectors, Conventional X – Ray radiography,Fluoroscopy, Angiography, Digital radiography.

UNIT II COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 10 hrs.

Basic Principle, Generation of CT machines, Detectors & Detector arrays, Details of Acquisition, Digital imagedisplay Radiation Dose, Image quality.

UNIT III ULTRASOUND 10 hrs.

Acoustic propagation, Attenuation, Absorption and Scattering, Ultrasonic transducers, Transducer Arrays, A mode,B mode, M mode scanners, Tissue characterization, Color Doppler flow imaging, Echocardiography.

UNIT IV RADIO NUCLIDE IMAGING 10 hrs.

Interaction of nuclear particles and matter, nuclear sources, Radionuclide generators, nuclear radiation detectors,rectilinear scanner, scintillation camera, SPECT, PET, Gamma ray camera, LINAC, molecular imaging.

UNIT V MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 10 hrs.

Angular momentum, Magnetic dipole moment, Magnetization, Larmor frequency Rotating frame of reference, freeinduction decay, Relaxation times, Pulse sequences, Generation and Detection of NMR Imager, Slice selection,Frequency encoding, Phase encoding, Spin – Echo imaging, Gradient – Echo imaging, Imaging safety, Biologicaleffects of magnetic field, Introduction to FMRI, EMRI.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. K Kirk Shung, Michael B smith & Benjamim M W Tsui, “Principles of Medical Imaging”, Academic press inc, 1992. 2. Jerry L Prince & Jonathan M Links, “Medical Imaging Signals and Systems”, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. 3. Jerrold T. Bushberg “The essential Physics of Medical Imaging”, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002. 4. R S Khandpur, “Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication, Second Edition. 2003. 5. Ray H. Hashemi , William G. Bradley, Christopher, J. Lisanti, MRI: The Basics, 2004. 6. Frederick W Kremkau “Diagnostic Ultrasound Principles & Instruments”, Saunders Elsevier, 2005.







SBMX5017SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITAL &

HEALTH POLICYL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I PRINCIPLE OF HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT 10 hrs.

Importance of management and Hospital, Management control systems. Forecasting techniques decision-makingprocess, Hospital Administration

UNIT II EVOLUTION OF HOSPITAL 10 hrs.

Outpatient Department, Inpatient Service, Operation Theatre Complex, Delivery Suite, Pharmacy, Laboratoryservices, Radiological Department, Central Sterile supply department, and Medical records department, Materialmanagement, Hospital dietary services, Ambulance services, Medico-legal sciences.

UNIT III HEALTH SYSTEM 10 hrs.

Health organization of the country, the state and cities, health financial system, teaching cum research hospitals,General Hospital, PHC reference system.

UNIT IV HOSPITAL PLANNING 10 hrs.

Technical consideration, size & kind of hospitals, principles of planning, selection, site of orientation, equipmentplan, communication and information system, Power supply, Air-conditioning, Water supply, elevators.

UNIT V NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 10 hrs.

Need for evaluating a health policy, need for providing primary health care, Health education, health insurance,health legislation, inter sectoral cooperation.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Hans Pleiff veradammann (ed), ‘Hospital Engineering in developing countries, GTZ report Eschborn, 1986. 2. R.C.Goyal ‘Human Resource Management in Hospitals’ Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2000. 3. M.A. George, “The Hospital Administrator”, Jaypee Publications, 2005. 4. Sanskriti Sharma, “Essentials for Hospital Support Services and Physical Infrastructure” Jaypee Publications, 2003.







SBMX5018 PATTERN RECOGNITION & ITS APPLICATIONSL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100


Machine perception, an example, Pattern Recognition System, The Design Cycle, Learning and Adaptation,Architecture of Pattern recognition system, Bayesian Decision Theory: Minimum Error Rate Classification, Classifiers,Discriminant functions, and decision surfaces, the normal density, Discriminant functions for the normal density.

UNIT II MAXIMUM – LIKELIHOOD AND BAYESIAN PARAMETER ESTIMATION 10 hrs.

Introduction, Maximum-likelihood estimation; Bayesian Estimation; Bayesian parameter estimation: Gaussian Case,general theory; Hidden Markov Models.

UNIT III UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION 10 hrs.

Clustering for unsupervised learning and classification, clustering concepts C- means algorithm - hierarchicalclustering - Graph theoretic approach to pattern clustering- Validity of clustering solutions.

UNIT IV FEATURE EXTRACTION AND STRUCTURAL 10 hrs.

KL Transforms - feature selection through functional approximation - Binary selection Elements of formalgrammars, syntactic description, stochastic grammars, Structural representation.

UNIT V INTRODUCTION TO BIOMETRICS 10 hrs.

Identification Methods, Biometric Technologies, Automatic Identification, Fingerprint verification, Face recognition,Hand Geometry based verification, Retina Identification, DNA based identification, Smart card based authentication.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, and David G.Stork, “Pattern Classification”, Wiley-Interscience, 2001. 2. Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonbaugh, Steve Jost, “Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis”, Pearson Education, 2007. 3. K. Jain, R. Bolle, S. Pankanti, “Biometrics: Personal Identification in Networked Society”, Kluwer Academic, 1999.







SECX5013DSP INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

(Common to Appl. Elect., Embedded System, Power Electronics

& Medical Instrumentation)


3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I DSP INTEGARTED CIRCUITS AND VLSI CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGIES 10 hrs.

Standard digital signal processors, Application specific IC’s for DSP, DSP systems, DSP system design, Integratedcircuit design. MOS transistors, MOS logic, VLSI process technologies, Trends in CMOS technologies.

UNIT II DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 10 hrs.

Digital signal processing, Sampling of analog signals, Selection of sample frequency, Signal-processing systems,Frequency response, Transfer functions, Signal flow graphs, Filter structures, Adaptive DSP algorithms, DFT - TheDiscrete Fourier Transform, FFT-The Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm, Image coding, Discrete cosine transforms.

UNIT III DIGITAL FILTERS AND FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS 10 hrs.

FIR filters, FIR filter structures, FIR chips, IIR filters, Specifications of IIR filters, Mapping of analog transferfunctions, Mapping of analog filter structures, Multirate systems, Interpolation with an integer factor L, Sampling ratechange with a ratio L/M, Multirate filters. Finite word length effects -Parasitic oscillations, Scaling of signal levels,Round-off noise, and its measurements, Coefficient sensitivity, Sensitivity and noise.

UNIT IV DSP ARCHITECTURES AND SYNTHESIS OF DSP ARCHITECTURES 10 hrs.

DSP system architectures, Standard DSP architecture, Ideal DSP architectures, Multiprocessors andmulticomputers, Systolic and Wave front arrays, Shared memory architectures. Mapping of DSP algorithms ontohardware, Implementation based on complex PEs, Shared memory architecture with Bit – serial PEs.

UNIT V ARITHMETIC UNITS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DESIGN 10 hrs.

Conventional number system, Redundant Number system, Residue Number System, Bit-parallel and Bit-Serialarithmetic, Basic shift accumulator, Reducing the memory size, Complex multipliers, Improved shift-accumulator. Layoutof VLSI circuits, FFT processor, DCT processor and Interpolator as case studies.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Lars Wanhammer, “DSP Integrated Circuits”, Academic press, New York ,1999 2. A.V.Oppenheim et.al, “Discrete-time Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, 2009. 3. Emmanuel C. Ifeachor, Barrie W. Jervis, “Digital signal processing – A practical approach”, Pearson Education, 2009. 4. Keshab K.Parhi, “VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation”, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.







SBMX5019HOSPITAL EQUIPMENTS MAINTENANCE &

SAFETY MANAGEMENTL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT 10 hrs.

Organizing the maintenance operation, biomedical equipment procurement procedure, proper selection,compatibility, testing and installation, purchase and contract procedure, trained medical staff, on proper use of equipmentand operating instructions. Maintenance job planning, preventive maintenance, maintenance budgeting, contractmaintenance.

UNIT II LOGISTIC SUPPORT & RELIABILITY 10 hrs.

Maintenance equipment and Tools, failure analysis, spare parts and maintenance materials. Reliabilityfundamentals.

UNIT III ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN HOSPITALS 10 hrs.

Principles of EMI, computation of EMI, Method of suppressing and isolating the unit from interference.

UNIT IV HOSPITAL SAFETY 10 hrs.

Radiation safety, Safety precautions, Hazardous effects of radiation, allowed levels of radiation, ICRP regulationsfor radiation safety.

UNIT V ELECTRICAL & FIRE SAFETY 10 hrs.

Sources of shocks, macro & micro shocks, monitoring and interrupting the Operation from leakage current -Elements of fire, causes of fire & fire protection.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Antony Kelly, “Maintenance Planning & Control” Butterworth, London, 1984. 2. Hans Pleiff veradammann (ed) “Hospital Engineering in developing countries”, GTZ report Eschborn, 1986. 3. Cesar A. Cacere & Albert Zana, “The Practice of Clinical Engg.” Academic press, Newyork, 1977. 4. Webster J.G and Albert M.Cook, “Clinical Engg, Principles & Practices”, Prentic Hall Inc., Engle wood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1979. 5. B.M.Sakharkar, “Principles of Hospital administration and Planning”, Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2007.







SBMX5020FIBER OPTICS AND LASER FOR BIOMEDICAL

APPLICATIONSL T P Credits Total Marks

3 0 0 3 100

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10 hrs.Principles of light propagation through a fiber – fiber material - construction details of optical fiber - types of

fibers – Absorption losses – Scattering losses – Dispersion

UNIT II OPTICAL SOURCES, DETECTORS, FIBER COUPLERS & CONNECTORS 10 hrs.Optical Sources and Detectors: Introduction, LED’s, LASER diodes, Photo detectors – PIN photo diode, avalanche

photo diode. Fiber Couplers and Connectors: Introduction, fiber alignment and joint loss, fiber splices, fiber connectorsand fiber couplers- T-coupler, star coupler

UNIT III LASER CHARACTERISTICS & LASER IN BIOLOGY 10 hrs.Laser Characteristics: Single frequency operation, coherence of laser, spatial distribution, intensity of laser

emission, polarization of laser emission, measurement of pulsed laser energy. Laser In Biology: Optical properties oftissue, Pathology of laser reaction in skin, thermal effects, laser irradiation, Non thermal reactions of laser energy intissue.

UNIT IV LASER INSTRUMENTATION 10 hrs.Surgical instrumentation of CO2, Ruby, Nd-YAG, He-Ne, Argon ion, Q-switched operations, continuous wave,

Quasi – continuous, surgical applications of these lasers.

UNIT V HOLOGRAM AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 10 hrs.Holography – Basic principle - Methods – Holographic interferometry and application, Holography for

non-destructive testing – Holographic components – Medical applications of lasers- Dermatology, dentistry,ophthalmology

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. G. Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication”, McGraw Hill, 1995. 2. M. Arumugam, “Optical Fiber Communication and Sensors”, Anuradha Agencies, 2002. 3. Leon Goldman, “The Biomedical laser Technology and Clinical Applications “, Springer-Verlag, 1981. 4. Leon Goldman, “ Lasers in Medicine”, Springer-Verlag,1982 5. Monte Ross, “Laser Applications”, McGraw Hill, 1971





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