saw-oriented user interfaces for emergency dispatch systems

Situation AwarenessSAW User Interfaces

Conclusion

SAW-Oriented User Interfaces for EmergencyDispatch Systems

Leonardo Botega Allan Oliveira Natalia OliveiraClaudia Berti Marcio Campos Regina Araujo

Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar)Marilia Euripides University (UNIVEM)

Brazil

Botega, et al HCII 2015


Conclusion

Agenda

1 Situation AwarenessThe Concept of SAWSAW ErrorsSAW of Emergency EventsInformation Quality and SAW

2 SAW User InterfacesInformation Quality supporting collaborationRelated WorkOur Approach

3 Conclusion



Conclusion

The Concept of SAWSAW ErrorsSAW of Emergency EventsInformation Quality and SAW

What is to be aware of a situation?

Situation Awareness (SAW) is a human cognitive processregarding human’s perception and understanding of what is goingon at a certain time and space frame, and the anticipation offuture events that may influence a situation.

Situation Assessment (SA) is a process fed by multipleheterogeneous sources and computational intelligence used to reactto the environment changes and help humans achieving SAW.



Conclusion


Errors

Unavailable DataData difficult to discriminate or detectFailure to monitor or observe the dataMisconception regarding the dataMemory lostPoor mental modelIncorrect use of mental modelHigh dependence on default valuesExaggerated projection of current trends



Conclusion


Why SAW is important in the emergency domain?

It’s all about decision-makingBegin aware of real-time events enables resource allocationBeing aware of near future events enables preventive actionsIn both situations time is crucial

Be Aware!Limited SAW leads to poor decision-making and mayjeopardise human lives and patrimony!



Conclusion


However, a challenging issue for the SA community is todetermine means to enhance SAW if imperfect information ispropagated throughout the SA process, specially when it is fedby humans.

Imperfect Information from humans is...Incomplete, inaccurate, inconsistent or irrelevant

Unknown quality leads to uncertainty and SAW errors;Known quality leads to trust and reliability;



Conclusion


Imperfect information in the SA process may affect the wayhumans and automation deal with information.SAW systems aims to support humans presenting them“reliable information”. Sometimes we have to trust them!



Conclusion

Information Quality supporting collaborationRelated WorkOur Approach

Humans and automation have different interests...

Humans are generally interested on supporting the finaldecision.Automation is interested on the continuity of the SA processand make new inferences.Hence, humans and computers need to collaborate and sharethe responsibilities for the achievement of common goals andtasks the SA may need.

So?Information Quality may provide the missing link between humanand automation, orienting and suporting both sides!



Conclusion


The full management of qualified situational information mayprovide humans a better SAWHumans can be stimulated by the system by visually encodingquality to improve perception and understanding.Systems can be parametrised by quality measures under theinfluence of humans will.



Conclusion


Related Work

Nwiabu et al: hierarchy and C2 situation composition;Yu et al: difuse search on situational information;Onal et al: guided interaction, support panels, virtual mapsand multiple screens;Chai and Du: dynamic fusion and classification;Gomez et al: temporal context;Feng et al: shared SAW, spatio-temporal data andrecommendations;



Conclusion


Our approach innovates on promoting a full control of theinformation that is produced by the SA process, usinginformation quality representation and refinement methods asresources to build the knowledge about situations.Hence, SA functions may be oriented by quality metadata todo new search and integration of information.Humans can be oriented to act proactively to improvesituational information.



Conclusion


Figure: Including User Interface in the Assessment Process



Conclusion


Endsley’s Principles

Organize information according to the goalsPresenting Level 2 of AwarenessSupporting Global Situation AwarenessInformation FilteringExplicitly Identify Absence of InformationSupport the Verification of Information ReliabilityRepresenting Historical Events to follow up InformationEvolutionSupport Access of Confidence and Uncertainty in CompositeInformationSupport the upgrade of quality levels for usersSupport Uncertainty Management by Information Refinement



Conclusion


Figure: Including User Interface in the Assessment Process



Conclusion

Lessons Learned

To infer information quality is not enough to build SAW. Theinformation must be managed and refined to be improved andthen to contribute with what we know about situations.Data and information quality may be a powerful engine tosupport the human and the automation.Quality preferences and refinements can lead to a fullautomated SA (soon we hope).The interface is currently under evaluation using SART(Situation Awareness Rating Technique).



Conclusion

Questions?

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saw-oriented user interfaces for emergency dispatch systems

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