schelling and the people's university endnote modified

8/2/2019 Schelling and the People's University Endnote Modified

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SCHELLING

AND THE

PEOPLESUNIVERSITY

Jayson C. JimenezBachelor of Arts in Philosophy

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

PROLOGUE: The Big Bang!

Big bang! The start of a new cycle in every entity inclined with formulationsof space and time. The atomic quantity that further encapsulates the thought ofthe Big bang, interrogates the composition of every identity that finds its origin inthis gigantic explosion in time. In the beginning, there was something. There wassomething that was also nothing. Oppositions meant for unity. The reality ofmatter contra its de facto opposite anti-matter has something to do with this cyclethat generated a larger system that was so vast that even a human mind cannotdare to step further ahead in any circumstance.

It is a system. A system was produced in this explosion from unconditionedoppositions and conditioned proposition---like of a Hegelian dialectics that

enunciates a system of continuous becoming from the thesis and anti-thesis of thegeist und natur. iBig bang was a myth of man to explain his beginning. Since manbegun to perplex his environment as a subjective entity in a CopernicanRevolution, there are always presuppositions about his existence prior to theGrand Existence of Nature as I call it. Ergo, he postulated his own beginnings fromthe nothingness into chaos. From chaos into order, from order into chaos.ii Thesystem I am enticing to that is a resonance of the Big bang be called a Universe orin my language, a Unified Verse. Like poetry formed from the unconsciouscreation of the poet which will be consciously updated and interpreted by hisobservers and readers vis-a-vis the indifferences of the chaotic verses will beunconsciously unified and form an absolute singularity of oneness---a system thatportrays a unified whole of Being. More thematic, these verses are parts of thewhole Universe. As for Schelling, everything in reality poetry---the process ofNature is an unconscious poetry which burst into consciousness in and for maniii.Schelling was evidently a poet-like here, to attribute into poetry the system whichwas called a Universe, Nature, or a Poem. The versifier is not in his state of mind.He is in the ecstasy when he created the grand narrative of his masterpiece. Anartistic intuition as Schelling puts it. Like the Universe, would it be possible that


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the Grand Author would be in Grand Ecstasy when he created the Grand Order ofthis Noumenal Universe?

Much with the idea of Universe, the allegory of the Grand Author, GrandEcstasy and the Grand Universe is a much more exclusive philosophy ever

warranted by any thinker. In education, a Big Bang also occurred. The explosion oflearning in the passage of time paved way to the existence of Institutions thatguarantees learning. From the invaluable Academia of Plato to the Lyceum ofAristotle, learning has been a necessity for men. Like the necessary existence of theUniverse, we are obliged to think, to exists and to exclaim that here we are.ivThus,the existence of an institution of learning must be justified in order to claim that Ithink, I exist, and here I am. Thus, University was born. University, like theuniverse and a poem, is composed of small units of individuals that gratify theexistence of it. Without them, there will be no university. University is the onenessof the Greater Being out of beings. Further, it is the pantheistic Institution thatcarries an ideology that is contested through time. Out of chaotic origin, this

Universal Duality was put into mainstream because people are tired of thedisorder therefore they tend to settle into a group. The University is the reflectionof the subject and the object. Its not a joke but a funny grim, quite oxymoronic, toits historicity why it was formed.

When I was on my freshman years, my Senior Colleagues repetitively callingour university as the Peoples University. With momentary glimpse, I inquired: didI enroll in a wrong institution? I supposed to be inside an institution of HigherLearning called, Polytechnic University of the Philippines but then why I keephearing that I am in a Peoples University of the Philippines? What happened tothe word Polytechnic? Abandoned? Raped? Exiled? I am a beginner, certainly, Iam.

In itself the name Polytechnic University of the Philippines isan uncanny arrangement of words. My friend Tado wouldhave argued against me---whats in the name?v

It is correct, what is in the name of this eerie nametag of this institution.Would Schelling agree for this oblivious evolution of this Poem which they callPolytechnic University of the Philippines into a system we consciously tend to call

as Peoples University of the Philippines in some extent? In this essay, the Universewill be justified into a Poem and into a University. The causa sui will then bereviewed in accordance with the intellectual history of this institution which theycall PUP as to rectify its name with justice and orgasmic philosophical arguments.The Big bang just begun, indeed!


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Big Bang!

The history of Polytechnic University of the Philippines, previously knownas the Manila Business School and Philippine College of Commerce, was gossamerknits of delight. In 107thyear of existence in totality, PUP served among poor mens

sons and daughters. Its star, the shinning shimmering splendid insignia has beenengulfed with five holistic circles symbolizes the light of education that can alwaysbe seen when you are catching your classes above the head of its hero---ApolinarioMabini. Furthermore, its forging history from a small campus at Lepanto, this onehundred seven year old University (then a college) came to Sta. Mesa and occupiedthe tenement that will be soon great and par excellence as a bastion of learning.The battle of Lepanto will now be the Battle of Mabini. It is a mere transition froman old age towards a new age. After the fall of the Marcos Dictatorship, like the PigNapoleonvi, Philippine College of Commerce was led by the Martial Law Patriot;the ever-intelligent Dr. Nemesio Prudente. This is the second term of Dr. Prudenteafter his hiding years in Mulanay during the Martial Law. It was 1992 that year and

then Prudente was retired from his service in PUPvii. It is in light also of thepolitical transition in the national state---a transition of leadership from rhythm ofTie a Yellow Ribbon song into the Military Marching hymn of the West Point. Theretirement of Dr. Prudente and his desire for the Senatorial Elections was followedby events unexpected to the life of a University:

1) The forcible assumption into office as University Headby an outsider, Dr. Gellor, accompanied by specialaction forces of the national police and;

2) The public consultation initiated by the Congress beforethe house bill to rename PUP as Peoples University ofthe Philippines.viii

The remnant of power was the big explosion here. The dialectical forces ofthe nature of the university were put into question. Former PUP President, Dr.Jaime Gellor who was an outsider was averted from entering the campus andascends into the Noumenal Office of PUP Presidency. His plan, the PUP will thenbe known as Peoples University of the Philippines upon recommendation by theCongress sponsored by PUP alumnus Congressman Pablo Ocampo andCongressman Padilla of Manila. However, a summon is waiting upon the passageof the law that will make this state university an autonomous university---it wouldhave to endure the Dr. Jaime Gellor as the first President of the Peoples Universityof the Philippines.ix

What is in the name?Shakespeare once said. People or Polytechnic?Unlessotherwise these names are less rectified in consonance with its idealism, with itsrevolutionary ideology inherited from the Marcos times. The revolutionary stanceof PUP was nevertheless an enduring one. The students, teachers, and staffs, the


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whole community barricaded the gates, enforcing a tribune of wholeness---the realuniversity preventing its head to penetrate his voidal office. What is in the name?The name is people. More likely it is the real Peoples Univers ity of the Philippinesthough not in the auspices of the Congress. This is autonomy, and freedom in theacademe warranted by the authenticity of individual to save the Oneness. In other

words, the rearrangement of verses in the parchment just to dilute the theme ofthe poem. As far as the history goes, the 1970s Polytechnic University of thePhilippines with the allowed chance of time would then be the 1990s PeoplesUniversity of the Philippines, however more revolutionary and angst in the sensethat it is pro-masses and pro-people. Unfortunately, the Bill was rejected becausecommunists might take advantage of the autonomy to establish a Maoist -inspired commune inside the campus!x The state feared the existence of a TotalUniversity---the Peoples University. Liberal might be interpreted; the post-EDSAepoch had an anti-communistic stance. Whos on earth that time will favor for theCommunists movement? None I think. The yellow ribbons would not let be

tainted with red hue by the Filipinos marched delusional in the Revolution.The word people then was a mainstream. People, as the universal entity of

the Filipinos. The PEOPLE POWER is a very good example---a totality of forcesthat toppled a Dictator for his 20 years regime. Whenever one hears the termpeople it always signifies a strong force or movement. People itself is auniversal term of humanism, polity, freedom, independence and justice. Theabsolute singularity of the I is a mere sense of people. Be it noted, this is anexposition with the misgivings of our universitys history. Why would then theCongress inhibit the word people to the name of the University of thePhilippines? Are they too suspicious to the entity that this name will be driving on

the future? Maoist regime on the campus will never be justified because of theterm people. They lack the faculty to understand the Spirit or the Geist of theuniversity. Schelling would be too rude in this dialectic of understanding of one-self name by the way? People University Philippines

Geist und Natur, the Emergence of a University

It is on the same shore of epistemic clarifications that this so-calledUniversity of ours is a large organism, like of a Platonic State with Rulers,Auxiliaries and Artisans. Some tend to work for the larger Being, some tend toguard and protect its interests and yet only one can rule and become its head.

These compose the University. The Large Being of finitude, the Spirit or Geist ofthe community and the Nature orNaturof indifferences. However, the spirit of theUniversity, welcomes contradiction like the Schellingean Philosophy of Nature.The creator of the university sees forces that surround the hegemony of it thoughdifficult to discern in some extent. Schelling proposed a way to understand theself, in this paper is the University, through Dialectics of Self-Understanding. Thetransformation of Spirit that would be the Spirit of the People in this plan ofPeoples University of the Philippines faced several incongruity to be able to


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understood, if not, to know at least. This Spirit I am referring to is the entity ofmultiplicity of people into a University of the People. How could be many be one?How could there be an existence of plural forms be unified in a single Form.Schelling, he wrote,

you recognise its [the earth's] true essence only in the link bywhich it eternally posits its unity as the multiplicity of itsthings and again posits this multiplicity as its unity. You alsodo not imagine that, apart from this infinity of things which arein it, there is another earth which is the unity of these things,rather the same which is the multiplicity is also unity, and whatthe unity is, is also the multiplicity, and this necessary andindissoluble One of unity and multiplicity in it is what you callits existence () Existence is the link of a being (Wesen) asOne, with itself as a multiplicity.xi

The metaphorical earth is it noted as the University, the multiplicity ofverses of a poem into a university of thoughts as a Universal Poem. The spirit of aUniversity is the unity of the ideals of the units belongs to it. This exemplifies theoneness of everything and the justification of the existence of a Grand Being. Themultiplicity is the unity. There is diversity on its sense. Like Heraclitian dictum ofunity in opposites, Schelling would advocate the contradictions in nature. A livingunity is one which contains the opposites.xii Its spirit is a Great Contradictionunlike Spinozas deus sive natura which would prevent this contradictions tooccur. Without opposition, there is no life akin to a magnet by which two

opposites pole cannot be separated easily. An Opposition is always a prerogativefor the existence of this university. As what claimed earlier, there is such existenceof Dialectics of the Self-Understanding. To understand the Absolute Identity of aUniversity, it is necessary for us to understand the conflicting forces by which thepresent author will discuss later in this paper.

The Nature of the University is its anatomy of Oneness. Monistic though orPantheistical ascribed, it is always a prerogative for every being to go back to thisrealm of oneness, of the university. Every students, professors or staffs, as a part ofthe community, must always step back to the reality of the University wheneverthe spirit and the nature are separated because of circumstances maybe on strife or

crisisxiii:

World is falling away from such identity, an absence of infinitegoodness due to an abused free will. The purpose of life is amystical return to the God, to the one.


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On the Ideology of the Peoples University

The plan for renaming PUP into Peoples University of the Philippinesreflects its ideology at hand. Pro-people, pro-masses. Its growing activism since theMartial Law, the post-EDSA and the current state of the University is a clear

semblance why it should be called the Peoples University. Since, sons anddaughters of the working class are studying in this university, it is expected that itoffers a quality education in parallel with a cheaper rates. And this shall embodyby a State University more if it becomes an Autonomous University.

A Vision for a Total University was the agenda of the present President ofPUP, Dr. Dante Guevarra. It is best summarized as an aim for a qualitativeeducation, income generating projects, community involvement, researchextensions, information and communication technology and etc. This is aGuevarrian Welstanchauungxiv of the University. His term which inherited fromDr. Samuel Salvador, envisions a totalization of the PUP Community. Since his

beginnings last five years, this agenda was never realized into the community. PUPwas poor and became poorer. Its budget is always misallocated in which populaceare the living witnesses. Total University Vision was merely for Infrastructurepurposes. The classrooms are still like 20 years ago situation. Offices are not likeFaculty offices. More often, salaries of teaching staff and employees are alwaysdelayed. How will this large organism be in motion if its parts are stagnant? Is thisPeoples University a living identity of wholeness supposedly a marker of a changebeing on the line upbringing academic freedom with freebies of academicexcellence?

PUP Presidency which is represented by Dr. Dante Guevarra, is an

institution within an institutionxv. As he said, people in PUP address me as Mr.President. Yes I am. But I am not the Presidency. Presidency serves the idealitymeanwhile the President is the actual agent of Presidency either for the better orworse consequence. As the head of the institution of higher learning, he must bereflective of the ideology of the University. If it is pro-People, he must also be pro-people. This is the promise of the Presidency. Dr. Dante Guevarra created thisuniversity out of unconscious state that he is creating a total university for theworse. He thinks that PUP under his administration is a masterpiece oraesthetically led by his cabinet. As Schelling remarks, the I is conscious accordingto the production, unconscious with regard to the productxvi. He is ignorant of the

forces behind the back of the Peoples University.

I seemingly forgot that the conflicting force of the University whichmaintains its ideality is the Presidency and the President. Through the expanse oftime, only a few that took the presidency acted upon his obligations properly.Schelling suggests that there are two principles in us: an unconscious, darkprinciple and a conscious principle, which must yet in some way be identical. Theunconscious president must be one with the conscious presidency. The creation of


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the university through artistic intuition. Let the president be a president, otherwisesaid by Kung-Fu-Tze. The conflict will worsen when the president becomes blindof his agenda and will forget his responsibility to the Community he ought to serveutmost. Dr. Guevarra hanged himself in the portrait of noumenality. In the officeof my dear friend and professor, Ver Rivas, one can notice at ease his illusory

Draconian smile and eyes that entice with you wherever perspective you see hisportrait. A living president inside a non-living presidencyxvii. Moreover, he wantedto pursue another term yet I think a court decision will soon be on hand to stopthis unwanted Dictatorship of an old President. Stop the chimera of Presidency forhe had enough. He prevented himself to touch the noumenal Presidency whichcan be actualized in striving. The people know better. The unconscious poetry willsoon end in a period. True enough to put the commas, hyphen and apostrophes toprolong the dictions, rhythms and meters of the lovely poem Dr. Guevarra created.This is the university for the people and by the people. And the specter of thefoolishness and illusory must be halted either of activism or silent protests.

Oneness of the Peoples University as Panentheism or Panpsychism ofSchelling

For Schelling the self-positing ego emerges out Spinozas self-causedsubstance of nature. This self-caused substance of nature is best seen in self-reproductive life. Nature is life, spirit, not dead mechanism, same as the Spiritsand Nature of a University. University is a living organism that depends itsexistence on its parts. When the parts collapse, the community will also collapse.The 60, 000 student populace plus the staffs, professors and employees are the

living small entities within University by which they carry the idea of a PeoplesUniversity.

For Schelling, You are contained within the world and that your own egobecomes the highest expression of the world. The university is the composition ofseveral egos that attributes their total existence to the exegesis of the whole. As faras we are contained in this system, it is best to know the university as oneness.This is the Panpsychism of Schelling. The rejoin to the Universal System. In thiscase, becoming a part of a University. And this can be better explained through thefollowing arguments at hand.

First is the Historical Argument. According to Vico, we can know only whatwe create or what we empathetically understand creators like ourselves to havecreated. We can know the university because we are the one creating it, asidefrom the unconscious creation by the President. Its history is nothing without thesmall-scale intervention of its multiplicity.

A second panpsychist argument is the cognitive argument: Knowledge iscorrespondence between knower and known. But such correspondence is


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impossible unless the known is of the same nature as the knower. As part of alarger scale, we must know the whole university first and since we are within thissystem, we have the capability to know as such. And this is impossible unlessknowledge is empathetic, not an expression of our will to power or moral masteryof nature. The sentiment of the whole university is a reflection of the sentiment of

its parts. But knowledge of university is empathetic only if university, as a spiritand nature consists in mind or feeling like us rather than in dead matter.Knowledge is possible only if like knows like, only if mind knows mind. Empathy isa form of artistic intuition as Schelling puts it, in which we explain observedexternal behavior or object by asking what would have to be going on in our mindsfor us to have expressed ourselves externally in such behavior or objects.Moreover, there is one world soul called University that includes us, and thatknows itself only through the fact that we know it. When the part knows thewhole, the whole knows itself through the part.

Third is the moral argument. The university cannot a mere non-ego or not-

self as Fichte would suggest. It must be ones own self in disguise, so that one canbe free and self-determined even in being determined by it. The University muststand in dignity his principles and ideals to whatever circumstance and philosophyit would carry. It must not ridicule itself. It will continue to exists as long as itsparts more importantly the President incessantly act according to the duties of theseat of Presidency.

Fourth argument was from physical science, laws of attraction andrepulsion. The Nature of the University is a dynamic equilibrium of oppositespirits of President and Presidency, of actual and ideal. If the University had arepulsive subjective and objective spirits namely President and Presidency,respectively nothing will be formed for no one will be obliged to take as such onthe other hand, if attraction between the forces occurred, there will be a collapseinto one single part either of a President or Presidency. Either better or the worst-case scenario might occur in behalf of those singly combination of both. Forexample, if the President acted preponderate to his post in Presidency (excessivecorruption etc.) he will disharmonized the order of the contradiction of Nature(+A=B). On the other hand, if the Platonic Presidency dominates, all policies andacts will be floating far away to the air and nothing will be happening withrecourse of the President who acts as the mediator from ideality to the reality(A=B+). Ergo, the University must stand at the middle of the conflicting forces to

prevent the risk of the death of the large organism (A=B). As a Nature it muststand where the contradiction of the spirits occur so as to revive the living chaos ofthe aforementioned Spirits of President and the Spirit of the Presidency.

The Fifth and the last argument in panpyschism is that the basic concept iscommunity and organic wholeness. Community and wholeness are notconstructed mechanistically from aggregating atomic units for example studentsand faculty. Rather, atomic units are constructed by abstraction from prior


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wholeness. Nature is a community of microcosmic individual wholes, each ofwhich unifies and represents within itself all nature as a single universal whole, auniversity. The ideology of the individual units are attributed to the ideology of theuniversity, if not, the majority. As a large organism, the showing contradictionsmust be maintained for the benefit of the whole community at large. The

corruption, the unwanted death of the Presidency and the University is the non-sublime artistic creation of the ignorant man. Corruption is the disease, a viralinfection of many foregoing history of the PUP. Since we aim for an autonomousstate as Peoples University of the Philippines, we must condit ion ourselves as apart of this organism to maintain its life, its span of existence towards not a totaluniversity but of a Peoples University.

A dream of the Peoples University of the Philippines must be exalted by anartistic genius yet the present PUP symbolized by the unfinished Great Wall wascreated by the ambitious and unconscious genius by the persona of Dr. DanteGuevarra. As Schelling puts it, the application of a University in the making as an

art or more sublime as poetry. Aesthetic intuition/interpretation is imaginativeempathetic intuition of the creative impulse of the artist at the origin of theartwork. Creation in nature before human beings is unconscious. In line, Artisticcreation is both conscious and unconscious. Creation byartistic genius continuesthe unconscious creativity of nature on a higher level. And a genius is notconscious of how he/she produced his/her work. Only the interpreterof the workcan be conscious of how it is done in general. Dr. Guevarra, or like any other PUPPresidents like Gellor, Prudente, Luis, Carague and Olonan, they are unconsciousin their ergonomic chair and flawless table in signing tons of papers and havingglimpse with the Pasig River with knitting gossamers of problems in their heads.

Whats in their name? The respected honor inside the university, the title ofPresident who runs this institution of higher learning in a poor mans universityinsofar their delicate tastes of leadership where sacrificed in behalf of thecommune bonum, of the common good. This is the gift of the Presidency amidst ofthe luxuries and status one might possess when he or she dictates the order of theNature after the explosion of the Big Bang

This is a university, a bastion of socio-civic learning where academe is in itsglare of publicity. Its nature is great that which it is admired by other universitiesby the metro. Its noble and grandeur intellectual history and persona will not beequivalent to any other treasures of history. It bears the commonality of all the

poor mans sons and daughters and conveys them to the certain future ofdevelopment and betterment. It is its nature, the spirits that guides the Universityboth in reality and ideality---the poor mans university into a oneness peoplesuniversity.

For PUP has something to say in which it cannot whisper nor shout. Here Iam.


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EPILOGUE: The Specter of the University

The dream of the Peoples University will never be realized for if it isrealized then it is not a dream. It is depraved for a dream to be in reality. The faceto face contradictions are accepted in whatever system is being proposed for this

makes the system dynamic and responsive to the ever-changing picture of thesociety. Schellingian Philosophy, especially its romanticism upon inquiry of thefeeling and the totality adds to the picture of a strong reaction towards the unjustmode of an other itself. An other itself by no means an impossibility thatshackles us to ignorance and limits of thinking, in a way that this kind of PeoplesUniversity is hard to attain, a business of whomever President that will occupy thePresidency to furnish the realization of its nature.

The Specter is haunting the University. This Ghost-seer aimlessly threatensthe being of the Unified Verses City. The poem, written by its Grand Poet andcontinuously been writing by its present poet will not cease to exist unless the

small entities, its atomic units will perish upon the span of time. This collection ofverses will soon be eroded with many arrangements and foundations for a greaterleaning of the institution. This is our project then: to interpret this university inour own perspective as a belonging of the Oneness. This is the Specter. The spiritof how we see the university as it is, not other itself. The grandiosity of the Bigbang brought the nobility of this University. Identifying it as for the people, thisinstitution must strive for realizing its identity. Moreover, it must justify then thatit is pro-people. Its ideology, the nature of the Oneness must always be self-contradictory as to preserve its internal unity. Without A there will be nocontradictory of A and B. In other words, there will be no unity and identity of theuniversity if one of the spirits is omitted. Imagine (the thing we always wanted todo) our University without legal President voted by the Board of Regents. On theother hand, imagine the vacant elegant chair of the President were piles of papermade it way to be signed. Moreover, envisage a fatal President with no aim but amere playing with words of a Total University. A dream will always be a FreudianMiracle without enough action to be taken, otherwise, granted. Is this the ideal ofpresidency? Is this the Nature of the University then? What is in the name, ergo?

The specter has its growing interest to intervene with the contradictions ofthe spirit of President and spirit of Presidency. The specter with which theuniversity tried to avoid will then be a nightmare to its sleeps and Freudian

chambers of our nights. The unconscious poet will then be awaken and stop itsartistic intuitions in processing the reality of Nature, In consequent, the Natureitself, as totality might be destroyed and collapse then its philosophicalfoundations will suffer a lot of inquiries and skepticism from its reactionaries.Schelling would then be eliminated. The University as a totality of nature is aserious commentary towards it prediction of collapsing.


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History repeats itself. Since the time of Dr. Jaime Gellor, a president camefrom the outside; it repeats again the annals of history. The recent issue in PUPabout the administration crisis already ensued twenty years ago but on a differentsetting, different characters and scenario but same plot. The denouement was avisionary legal battle between Presidents over the Presidency which today has

found to be relevant especially on the accounts of the credibility andaccountability. A dictator still does not want to release the throne to someonemore upright than him. He has the Presidency that guards his interests towhatever account he supposed to be dealing. Until today of his retirement age, hisfirst hand portrait still hangs to the walls of the offices in the university, beingworshipped has a hero or the God of the Nature under the smiles of mockery forhis more than 5 years of rules and boulevard of broken promises.

This is the gift of the University----total package of justifiable existence inbehalf of the common abyss and voidness of the students, faculty and staffs. Thegift is the living contradiction of the Spirits. The ungiven gift that flourishes to the

annals of time for its 107years of total existence.

Nevertheless, the University as a nature of the students, faculty andemployees, despite of its low-funding sphere, will harmoniously defend itscontradiction as to endure survival ahead of time. This nature has the promise ofproviding a cheaper but quality mode of education to the sons of daughters of theworking class. It is, indeed, a Peoples University, though not recognized by theLegislation; there is this constant recognition from its alumni and students. Whowould know that mayhap Specter will come again sooner to haunt theimpossibility of being a Peoples University despite of the warring realities innature? Who knows?

This specter of greatness, not of frightening conditions, will eventually leapthe level thinking of whoever will observe. This is the Ghost that promised ofcoming back for tomorrows flux.

The Spirits that continually in motion tend to give life to the tenets of theUniversity.

A specter always haunts the impossibility of having an autonomous andgreat university.

An unscrupulous Dictator who still seats in his fanciful chair facing thePasig River while counting the pipes of the nearby oil depot.

A Student still in heat inside classrooms and offices.

A university, the coming specter, a nature per se still clinging to the clamor:HERE I AM.

Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Polytechnic University of the Philippines.


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N O T E S

i Spirit and nature

ii It is clearly postulated that there was a beginning, not of a being but a non-being or nil

or nothing. In the beginning there was nothing, in other words.

iii Hoffding, Harold. A History of Modern Philosophy (USA: Dover Publications, 1955) p 168.

ivFor if the Universe doesnt exists, it would be necessary to invent it just to satisfy our

craving for our own existence.

v

Rivas, Virgilio. The Gift of Presidency. OVPRED, ISH-RIPE, 2010. P. 43viSee George Orwells Animal Farm. Napoleon is a famous character of George Orwells

anti-totalitarian novel, The Animal Farm. He is a wise pig, who overthrows the leadership

of Snowball, also a pig, and ruled as a Dictator on the Animal Farm. He created a system

and laws to run the Animal Farm and later exploited the farm and co-animals by

conspiring with other Farm-owners. At the end of the novel, Napoleon was engulfed by

the system and became human in its attitude and character by which an animal of his

class must not do for ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL.

vii Rivas, Virgilio. The Gift of Presidency. OVPRED, ISH-RIPE, 2010. P.4

viii Ibid P. 4

ix Ibid P. 5

x Ibid. p. 6.

xiSW I/7, p. 56

xii Hoffding, Harold. A History of Modern Philosophy (USA: Dover Publications, 1955) p. 179

xiii First Schelling held that Nature and Spirit are one but after 1801 he postulated the

Identity of Indifference and said that both must go back again into one.xivWorld view

xvRivas, Virgilio. The Gift of Presidency. OVPRED, ISH-RIPE, 2010. P 21

xvi(SW I/3, p. 613).

xvii The more you live in your own world-view, the more you become unconscious.

schelling and the people's university endnote modified

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