Schematic Picture of Region close to protostar

From Matt & Pudritz (2005)

disk

envelope

outflow

Different outflow manifestations

1 pc

L1551

Optical: traces hot shocked region

Bally et al.

3

Looney et al. (2007)

Different outflow manifestationsIR: excited H2 emission (traces slow shocks)

H2 not dissociated by shock

Smith et al. (2007)

Spitzer observations

L1157HH 212

2.12µm (NIR) observations

HH 46-47 flow poking out of a globule, optical (DSS)

Spitzer Infrared Image: A. Noriega-Crespo (SSC/Caltech)

Outflow in IR observed with Spitzer Space Telescope

0.5 pc

1 pc

L1551Images: Optical or NIR

Contours: CO outflow emission ( λ ~ 1 - 3 mm )

Bally et al.; Stojimirovic et al. (2006)

Looney et al. (2007); Bachiller et al. (2001)

Different outflow manifestations

mm: CO traces entrained+accelerated cloud gas

History of HH object research (I):

• 1950’s- discovery by Herbig and Haro

(Herbig 1951; Haro 1952)

• 1970’s- detailed study of HH object spectra

showed shock-like spectra in HH objects (Schwartz 1975)

• late 70’s, early 80’s- proper motion studies

revealed velocities of 100 - 350 km s-1, and “bipolarity” (non-spherical) aspect

of stellar wind. (e.g., Cudworth & Herbig 1979; Herbig & Jones 1981)

0.25 pc

HH 1 - HH 2: Herbig & Jones 1981

HH 1

HH 2

C-S star

0.25 pc

History of HH object research (II):

• 1980’s- CCD surveys of HH objects revealed

HH jets originating from young stars

(e.g., Mundt & Fried 1983; Mundt et al. 1984)

HH 34 - Buehrke et al. 1988

0.13 pc

• late 1980’s , early 1990’s - Episodic nature of

HH flows discussed (e.g., Reipurth 1989; Hartmann et al. 1993)

History of HH object research (III):• 1990’s- HST images of HH

flows

103 AU

• mid to late 1990’s- wide-field CCD

camera surveys of star-forming

regions: giant HH flows discovered

(e.g., Eislöffel & Mundt 1997;

Reipurth et al. 1997)

History of HH object research (IV):

HH 315 - Reipurth et al. 1997

1 pc

History of HH object research (V):

• mid to late 1990’s

High-res. studies of jet proper motion using

HST (e.g., Hartigan et al. 2001;

2005)

History of HH object research (V):

History of HH object research (V):

1.5 pc

Before 1995:Herbig (1974)Aspin et al. (1994)

Mid 1990’s:Bally et al. (1996)

Today:Gutermuth et al. (2007)

Many outflows in a cluster: Our changing view of

NGC 1333 through the years

Near Future: CARMA, deep IRAC, Herschel, HH proper motions

14

HH knot spectra

Hartigan et al. 1999

History of Molecular (CO) Outflow research (I):

• 1970’s- detection of extremely high-

velocity gas toward star-formation

region

CO(1-0) spectrum of KL Nebula in Orion - Zuckerman et al.

(1976)

History of Molecular (CO) Outflow research (II):

CO(1-0) map of L1551 outflow Snell et al.

(1980)

• 1980’s- first molecular outflow maps revealed bipolar wind coincident

with HH objects.

(e.g., Snell et al. 1980; Rodríguez et al. 1980)

Proper Motions: Cudworth & Herbig 1979

Different outflow manifestations

1 pc

L1551Optical and NIR images

Contours: CO outflow emission ( λ ~ 1 - 3 mm )

Bally et al.; Stojimirovic et al. (2006)

Looney et al. (2007); Bachiller et al. (2001)

Resolution does matter!21”

beam

1.5” beam1.5” beam

HH211 OutflowGreyscale: NIR image

Contours: CO (2-1)

Conventional way to look for outflows in data cubes

Examining individual spectra… Examining individual channel maps…

Outflow Identification using 3D data visualization

Velocity

DEC

RA-DEC integrated intensity map of 12CO

RA

For more information on AM projects, related movies and animations, go to: http://am.iic.harvard.edu

Initiative for Innovating Computing (IIC) at Harvard Astronomical Medicine (AM) Project

Project led by Michelle Borkin, Alyssa Goodman, Mike Halle (IIC)

3D Visualization

For AM project related movies and animations, go to: http://am.iic.harvard.edu/movies

QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor

are needed to see this picture.