schizophrenia
TRANSCRIPT
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S C H IZ O P H R E N I A
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O B J E C T I V E S
• History of classification
• Theories /etiology – BPS
• Premorbid personality
• Brain changes – structural, histopathological and physiological
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• The history of classification
• • Kraepelin
• • Bleuler
• • Schneider
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B IO LO G I C A L
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P S YC H O - S O C I A L
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T H E O R I E S
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S UM M A RY
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• Mechanism of different symptoms: positive, negative. Executive functional decline, smooth eye pursuit disturbances etc
• Schizophrenia type 1& 2 or A& B
• Intermediate phenotypes
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B - S N I P C O N SO RT I U M
• Smooth pursuit eye tracking deficits are intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia and possibly for psychotic disorders more broadly.
• The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium
• Probands with schizophrenia (N=265), schizoaffective disorder (N=178), psychotic bipolar disorder (N=231), their first-degree relatives (N=306, N=217, N=273, respectively) and healthy controls (N=305) performed pursuit tracking tasks designed to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive/predictive aspects of pursuit.
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The Andreasen model adapted from Andreasen (2000)
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• Functional brain abnormalities
• functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) positron emission tomography (PET)
• working memory and episodic memory because they represent areas of cognition; disrupted in patients with schizophrenia
• known to rely on gray matter regions (frontal lobes and hippocampus) that are compromised.
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• Functional brain abnormalities (cont.)
• "default mode network” (DMN) that includes ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobe (Raichle et al., 2001).
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• Functional brain abnormalities (cont.)
• In healthy subjects, greater suppression of DMN activity during task performance is associated with better performance and greater task-related activity and functional connectivity on working memory and other tasks (Kelly et al., 2008). Schizophrenia patients, as well as their first-degree relatives, may show a lack of the normal suppression of DMN activity during a working memory task (Whitfield-Gabrieli et al., 2009).
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Histopathological changes
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Premorbid deficits
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R E F E R E N C E S
• https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/sridharlrao1993/etiology-of-schizophrenia-51538525
• Karlsgodt KH, Sun D, Cannon TD. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia. Current directions in psychological science. 2010;19(4):226-231. doi:10.1177/0963721410377601
• Orellana G, Slachevsky A. Executive Functioning in Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2013;4:35. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00035.
• Lencer, R., Sprenger, A., Reilly, J. L., McDowell, J. E., Rubin, L. H., Badner, J. A., ... Sweeney, J. A. (2015). Pursuit eye movements as an intermediate phenotype across psychotic disorders: Evidence from the B-SNIP study. Schizophrenia Research, 169(1-3), 326-333. 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.032
• Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology Schizophrenia, Abel Lajtha, Daniel Javitt, Joshua Kantrowitz . ISBN: 978-0-387-30365-9.