Schizophrenia and Modern Culture

Connecticut Hospital for the Insane,

Middletown, CT, 1922 (founded 1868)

SOUTH CAROLINA LUNATIC ASYLUM, pen and ink drawing, c. 1822

Genealogy of “Schizophrenia”* Augustin Morel (1860): Dementia

Praecox• Ewald Hecker (1871): Hebephrenia• Karl Kahlbaum (1874) Paranoia,

Catatonia* Emil Kraepelin (1896): Dementia

Praecox (included Hebephrenia, Catatonia, Paranoia)

* Eugen Bleuler (1911): Schizophrenia

Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)

Manic Depressive Insanity

• Combination of mania & melancholy

• Good prognosis

Dementia Praecox

• Form of early-onset dementia

• Deteriorating course• Included

hebephrenia, catatonia, paranoia

Kraepelin’s Nosology

Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939)

Dementia Praecox: or the Group of the

Schizophrenias (1911)

Director of Burghölzli Hospital, at University

of Zurich

Zurich, Switzerland

Bleuler’s Primary Symptoms of Schizophrenia

1) Association: loosening of mental associations similar to the process of dreaming.

2) Affect: dysfunction between cognitive and affective apparatus.

3) Ambivalence: Simultaneous presence of contrary feelings.

4) Autism: distanced from reality; seek their own way, engaged in symbolic thinking.

Hans Prinzhorn (1886-1933)

Artistry of the Mentally Ill (1922)

Karl Gustav Sievers (schizophrenia) “untitled”

Josef Heinrich Grebing (dementia praecox)

“Untitled”

Peter Meyer (Moog) (Schizophrenic)

“Destruction of Jerusalem”

Katharina Detzel (Manic-Depression/Schizo.)

Josef Forster (Schizophrenia) “Untitled”

Marie Lieb Periodic Mania “Cell floor decorated with torn strips of cloth”

Paul Goesch (Schizophrenic)

“Horus Dismembered”

August Natterer (no diagnosis given) “Witch’s head”

August Natterer (no diagnosis given) “Witch’s head”

Paul Klee

Runner at the Goal

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann1889 - 1957

I Never Promised you a

Rose Garden, 1964

“Schizophrenogenic mother”

Wagner-Jauregg overseeing Malarial Therapy c. 1918 (at back)

Bringing a patient out of insulin coma, Belgian asylum c. 1940

Patient in convulsions following Metrazol treatment, c.1941

Electroconvulsive Shock Treatment

Fever and Shock Therapies• Julius Wagner-Jauregg: 1918 Malarial

Fever Therapy• Manfred Sakel: 1933 Insulin Coma

Therapy• Ladislav Meduna: 1935 Metrazol

Shock Therapy• Ugo Cerletti: 1938 Electroconvulsive

Shock Therapy