Science9Unit3:EnvironmentalChemistryReadingLogs–SCIENCEinACTION

Note–textbookpagescorrespondtoScienceinActionText,afullPDFcopyofthistextisavailableonD2L.

Topic# TopicTitle ScienceinActionPage Due Complete

✔ orX

1.1ChemicalsintheEnvironment

182-190

1.2 AcidsandBases 191-195

1.3CommonSubstances

EssentialtoLivingThings

196-203

1.4HowOrganismsTakein

Substances

204-211

2.1 MonitoringWaterQuality 212-224

2.2 MonitoringAirQuality 225-228

2.3 MonitoringtheAtmosphere 229-235

3.1 TransportofMaterialsthroughAir,SoilandWater 237-242

3.2ChangingtheConcentrationofHarmfulChemicalsinthe

Environment243-247

3.3 HazardousChemicalsAffectLivingThings 248-252

3.4 HazardousHouseholdChemicals 253-259

Review

260-269

2

EnvironmentalChemistrySection1:Theenvironmentismadeupofchemicalsthatcansupportorharmlivingthings

Chemicalsintheenvironment p.182-183

Chemical ChemicalNomenclature PossibleSource RoleinEnvironment

Water CarbonDioxide

Oxygen SulfurDioxide Ammonia Nitrogen

NitrogenCycleAddarrowsandfillinthetextboxestoexplainthenitrogencycle:p.184-185

- DefineNITROGENFIXATIONandexplainwhyitisanessentialprocess.

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-Whatbioticfactorisresponsiblefornitrogenfixationandwhatabioticfactorsperformtheprocess?- Whatfactorscanchangetheamountofnitrogenthatisinthesoil?

IndustrialProcesses(P.190)Industrialprocessessuchaselectricalpowergeneration,mineralprocessingandfertilizerproductionmayreleasechemicalsintotheair.AcommonindustrialprocessinAlbertaisnaturalgasprocessing.Whatisnaturalgascomposedof?Howisnaturalgasprocessed?WhatisSOURGASandhowdoesitrelatetoNaturalGas?

AgriculturalActivitiesp.186-187 Definition Positive Negative

Fertilizers

Pesticides

Explainthefollowingstatement:“Wenaturallyandunnaturallyaffecttheenvironment’schemicals.”p.185

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POLLUTION–p.185

Processes and Activities that

Affect Environmental

Chemicals

SolidWastesDefinition:p.187PotentialProblems:Waystoreducelandfills:(Useourcommunityasanexample)

WasteWaterWhatissewageandhowisitprocessed?p.188Whatpotentialproblemsarisewhenacitycannottreatallofitswastewater?

IndustrialProcessesp.190Howdoesnaturalgasprocessingcontributetotheissueofpollution?Whatcanbedonetoreduceitsimpact?

FuelCombustionp.188Hydrocarbons+O2àCO2+H2O+energy(fossilfuels)Describehowthecombustionequationabovecontributestotheissueofpollution.

5

DefineAcid: Definebase:Describetheprocessofneutralization:

Section1.2:AcidsandBasesp.191-195pHisameasureof…pHscale:Asyoumovebetweennumbersthereisa10folddifferenceintheacidityorbasicnatureofthesubstance.Forexample:asolutionwithapHof5wouldbe10timesmoreacidicthanpHof_____andapHof12is10timesmorebasicthanpHof_____.

CompletethepHscalebelowwithatleast6ofthecommonvaluesandsubstancesasshownonp.191.

Whatchemicalsaretheingredientsofacidrainandwheredotheycomefrom?Negativeconsequencesofacidrainare:Howareacidiclakessometimestreated?

NameanddescribehowthetwomethodsformeasuringpHwork:

pH=0StrongAcid

pH=14StrongBase

pH=7Neutral

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Nutrients:

Section1.3:CommonSubstancesEssentialtoLivingThings

NUTRIENTSp.197

Define: Macronutrients: Micronutrients:

Nutrient ImportanceinPlants ImportanceinHumans

Nitrogen

(N)

Phosphorus

(P)

Potassium

(K)

Magnesium

(Mg)

Calcium

(Ca)

Sulfur(S)

EssentialElementsforLivingThingsp.196

Ourbodiesneed____________elementsfornormalgrowth.

3mostcommonare:_________________________________________

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Essential Elements for Living Things p.196

ORGANICANDINORGANICELEMENTS

Whatisthedifferencebetweenanorganicandaninorganicelement?

TypesofOrganicElementsp.199,202-203

Drawit! Whatarethey? Arefoundin:

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteinsand

AminoAcids

NucleicAcids

_________________________________________________________________________________________

DefineOptimumAmountsandgiveanexample:p.198

HowcanyoutellifaplantoranimalisNOTreceivingoptimumamountsofanutrient?

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Section1.4:HowOrganismsTakeinSubstancesp.204-206

ANIMALS PLANTS

UptakeofMaterialsbyLivingThings

Consumersrelyon____________________

compoundsmadeby__________________for

theirenergy,growthandrepair.

Plantsrelyon__________________compounds

whichtheyturninto_______________

compounds.

PASSIVEUPTAKE:

Diffusion:OsmosisACTIVEUPTAKEActiveTransport:

INGESTION:MECHANICALDIGESTION:CHEMICALDIGESTION:Hydrolysis:Nutrientsaretransportedthrough

thebodyby

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AdaptationsforObtainingNutrientsInVariousEnvironmentsp.208-209

Environment Adaptation:Substrate:define

Ocean

BarrenEnvironments

Food

Provideexamplesofpotentialsubstratesintheenvironmentslistedontheleft:

Deserts

Grasslands

Tundra

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Section2:Thequantityofchemicalsintheenvironmentcanbemonitored.P.212

MONITORING:

2.1MonitoringWaterQuality

Explainthefollowingstatement:“Clearwaterdoesnotalwaysindicatehighwaterquality.”p.213

Waterqualityisdeterminedaccordingto…

5CategoriesofWaterUseare…

1.2.3.4.5.

BiologicalIndicators(rememberRiverWatch???)

Howdothefollowingdeterminewaterquality?p.214Microbes:AquaticInvertebrates:

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ChemicalFactorsthatAffectOrganismsp.215–222(REVIEWandUNDERSTANDPPMonpage216)

DissolvedOxygen Acidity Pesticides HeavyMetals Nutrients Salts

suchassodiumchlorideand

magnesiumsulfate

Dependson…-

-

-

-

AtwhatpHdofishbegintodisappear?

Howdopesticidesaffectwaterquality?

Heavymetalsare… Highlevelsofphosphorusand

nitrogenimpactaquaticenvironmentsby

Areasmostaffectedbychangesinacidity:

Howcanonlysmallamountscreatetoxic

substances?

Negativeconsequences:

Acceptablelevelformostlivingthingsis___________ppm.

Springacidshockis…

MeasuringChemicalsandToxicityp.216,221Theconcentrationofchemicalsintheenvironmentisusuallymeasuredin_____________________whichmeans…Toxicity:LD50means…

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2.2MonitoringAirQualityp.225AirComposition:AirQualityisdeterminedby:

ChemicalMonitoredforAirQuality

Effects Formation Source Reduction

Sulfur

Dioxide

p.225

Nitrogen

Oxides

p.226

Carbon

Monoxide

p.227

Ground-

Level

Ozone

p.227

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2.3MonitoringAtmosphereQualityp.229-230

GreenhouseEffect:

CO2isnotconsideredatoxicpollutantbecause…

butitisagreenhouse

gas.

Greenhousegassesare

thosethat…

Enhancedgreenhouse

effectiscausedby…

GlobalWarmingis…

Ozone:p.232

Purposeoftheozone

layeris…

Consequencesofa

thinningozonelayerare…

Thecauseofathinning

ozonelayeris…

Theozonelayeris

monitoredinthe

followingways…

TheGreenhouseEffect:Whenradiant

energyfromthesunreachesEarth’ssurface,

muchofitisreflectedbackintospace.But

someofthisenergyistrappednearEarth’s

surfacebyalayerofgassesthatactlikethe

glassinagreenhouse.

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Section3:Potentiallyharmfulsubstancesarespreadandconcentratedintheenvironmentinvariousways

3.1TransportofMaterialsThroughAir,SoilandWater

AIRà3Stages:p.237

1.

2.

3.

Howarethedirectionsanddistancetravelledby

airbornechemicalsdetermined?

-

-

-

GROUNDWATER(define)p.239:

Watertable:

Characteristicsthatpreventthedispersalof

chemicals…

Whattypesofsubstancescontaminategroundwater?

Whatfactorsaffectwatermovement?

-

-

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SURFACEWATERp.241Contaminantsources:

-

-

-

-

Propertiesof“problem”contaminants:

Becomeaproblemwhen…

Importanceofmonitoring:

SOILp.241

Waterthatsoaksintothesoilandmovesdownward

iscalled_________________________________.

What properties of soilmake itmore susceptible to

contamination?

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3.2ChangingConcentrationDescribehowthevarioustechniqueslistedbelowcanbeusedtochangetheconcentrationofpollutantsin

theenvironment.

p.243-244

Dispersion: Dilution:

Biodegradation:

-RoleofBacteria -FactorsAffectingBiodegradationp.246

Phytoremediation:p.246-247 Photolysis:

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3.3HazardousChemicalsAffectLivingThings:

Biomagnification:p.248

OilSpillsimpacton…p.250-252

Environment: People:

PlantsandAnimals: Clean-up:

3.4HouseholdChemicalsp.253-257Examples:

GovernmentRegulations:

Labeling–WHMIS MSDS:

NewProductRegistration: Transporting:

Disposal: HazardousWasteCollectionSites: