SCIENCE - RELIGION

NIKOLAS DAVARIS

CONTENT• 1 Unit: The

inquisition put Galileo on trial

• 2 Unit: What did ancient Greeks believe?

• 3 Unit: What do scientists believe?

• 4 Unit: What do religions say about our world?

• 5 Unit: Why is there science and religion?

THE INQUISITION PUT GALILEO ON

TRIAL

THE INQUISITION• The inquisition was a

Catholic Church’ s tribunal• It used to examine heretic

people• However the inquisition

often was undue• It judged El Greco and Galileo• It is famous now because it

used to rack the accused.

GALILEO VS THE INQUISITION

Galileo brought out a new book, which presented a dialogue between Copernicus ’ and Ptolemy ΄s system. He proved the correct system was the first. The Pope got angry about this. The inquisition limited Galileo’s activity and this restricted him.WHAT WAS THE RESULT?????

Religion conflicted with science and science conflicted with religion. Some still believe this. But: Why is there science and religion?What do religions say about our world?What do scientists believe?What do ancient Greeks believe?

What did the ancient Greeks

believe?

ANCIENT GREEKSThe Ancient Greeks worked on math (Pythagoras),

geometry (Euclid), astronomy and medicine (Hippokrates). Also they were interested in ethics and laws. But they used to wonder “How did our world begin?”. When they started

to wonder, they explained everything through myths. Myths were connected with religion.

‘’ The stars were created when Hera’ s milk was spilled by

Heracles and Hermes ‘’

ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS

Ancient Greek philosophers tried to explain “How our world began?” and many other questions. However today many people don’t consider them scientists because:1) They didn’t check their theories2) They didn’t have sound arguments about their

theories 3) They hadn’t observed nature before they formulated

their theories

WHAT DID THEY SAY ?

Τhales of Miletus Thales (640-546) was a mathematician, astronomer, engineer, meteorologist and philosopher.

He believed that “ Everything began from water ”. Apparently he was affected by Egyptians who believed

the same thing. Also Thales supported that earthquakes came from the water because the earth was flat and

floated over a big ocean. In the end he believed gods were everywhere

Anaximenes of Miletus

Anaximenes (585,528) was a philosopher. Anaximenes, Thales and Anaximander belonged to the Ionian school.

He believed that “ Everything began from the air”. Further he thought all differences between

things were due to how compact the air was. Therefore fire becomes rock because it comes

from the air! Anaximenes didn’t believe in Zeus etc.. In the end, he believed the air was

innumerable and spontaneous

Others

Empedocles) He believed that “Everything came from fire, water, earth and air”.

Also he introduced “φιλότητα” and “νείκος”

.

(Empedocles) He believed that

“Everything came from fire, water,

earth and air”. Also he introduced

“φιλότητα” and “νείκος”

Furthermore there were other

philosophers who didn’t believe the

world was from fire, water, air or earth. As

Democritus and Pythagoras.

Anaximander expressed a theory like Anaximenes.

CONCLUSIONWe saw the first attempts which explain how the world began. People created myths (which were connected with gods), theories which said that the gods existed (Thales) and others which said they didn’t (Anaximenes).

What happened after the ancient philosophers?

Thales

Anaximenes

What do scientists believe?

MIDDLE AGES • 30 BC: The Romans conquered Egypt• 313 AD: Constantine the Great signed the Edict of

Milan• 395 AD: Theodosius I separated the empire and

forbade idolatry • 529 AD: Justinian I closed the

Academy of Plato• Theocratic countries were

created• 1453 AD: Constantinople

was conquered• 1300-1600 AD: The Renaissance

The Catholic Church’ s power

The Catholic Church was powerful. Everyone would be harmed , if they doubted it or the Bible. Only Martin Luther managed to do that. The Catholic Church had oppressed people because of the Bible. This stemmed from the Middle ages and Galileo. There are some people who believe everything which is written in the Bible today.

GALILEOHe lived in Italy (1564-1642)He made the first telescopeHe was the first who saw the

solar system

He believed in the Bible and was religious but didn’t believe anything which was written about our world. Also he always told the truth despite what the Catholic Church was saying.

IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES1) Mobility laws2) Oscillation laws3) Law of fall4) Construction of the

solar system5) Zeus’ s natural

satellites

Isaac Newton

He believed there were three ships with which he could sail the oceans to find the truth. They are alchemy, religion (Bible) and science.

He was born on 1642Robert Hooke (who discovered

F=kx) envied him He made the best satellite ever

IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES1) Motivation laws2) Gravity3) Law of fall4) Optics laws

Charles Darwin

When he was a child, he believed in the Bible. When he was 19 years old, he tried to become a padre! Then, when he published his theories, he didn’t believe in in the Bible. He had doubts.

He never wrangled with other scientists while his friends protected his theories. (Darwin was quiescent)

He married his cousin.

IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES1) Evolution

CONCLUSIONWe saw three important scientists who changed our world! We would see the universe differently today, if they hadn’t existed. However they supported different theories about religion (and the Bible). Galileo didn’t abolish the Bible, Newton believed the Bible is a road to the truth and Darwin was a skeptic. All of them saw the world differently, but they helped scientists.What do religions say about our world?

Galileo

Newton

Darwin

What do religions say about our

world?

IMPORTANT RELIGIONSReligions (which have many follower) are:ChristianityIslamHinduismBuddhismTaoismConfucianism *Judaism

What do they say about our world?Are there any similarities between them?

Christianity - Islam Judaism

Christianity, Islam and Judaism have much likeness. They aren't polytheistic religions. The Old Testament is found in both Christianity and Judaism. Also the Islam considers Christ a prophet. Furthermore, three religions describe mainly the same theory about the beginning of the world. God made the world. God created Adam whom he put in a grand garden. “All of the plants and the animals would be controlled by Adam” God said. But Adam infringed on god’ s orders etc.

TaoismTaoism was created by Tao de Jing. Tao said the “Tai-ji” (big unity) gave birth to the yin and yang: On the one hand, Yin is associated with the earth,

darkness and humility. On the other hand yang is associated with energy,

brightness, solidness and highness. They constitute everything. Taoism is more like philosophy.

Yang and yin is alterated like day-night, youth-anility. Yin is sea, fresh, silver and yang is land,

bone, gold.

Hinduism

Brahma: is the world’ s creator. He has four heads and four hands. This symbolizes his strength. He is married to the god of wisdom. Vishnu: is the world’ s protector. He has four hands and he holds special symbols. He knows everything, he can do anything.Shiva: is the world’ s destructor

The universe is created, is preserved and is destroyed. Hinduism is a religion which has many

Gods. But here are the most important onesBrahma

Vishnu

Shiva

BuddhismGautama created Buddhism. He is known as Buddha which means enlightened. Everyone must meditate (yoga) to reach Nirvana (paradise). It comes from Hinduism. Buddhists believe in reincarnation and not in a greater god.

CONCLUSION We saw the most important religions. We learn that Confucianism is not a religion, Christianity, Islam and Judaism have many similarities, Taoism is like a philosophy. We must know how many different views there are about science, religions and their relations. We read about their theories about the creator of the world.But today:• What do people believe about science and religion?• Why is there science and religion?

Why is there science and

religion?

First viewReligion and science are seeking the same truth through different ways. Science is active, it tries through research and its results to find the truth. Whereas, religion is passive. It expects religious people to discover the truth.

A hypothetic dialogue - Do you believe in God ?- No, I don’t.- Why not ?- Because logic says that there is no God- There isn’t proof for that. As in positive sciences,

you can’t take something as a fact without proof.- Where do you base the existence of God?- I feel like God exists.- Well… I feel God doesn’t exist.

In the end, everyone can have their own opinion!

Second view Lastly, science deals with different questions than religion. In other words, science researches the ways nature works, and presents its laws. While religion tries to find who created the world and why.

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