science and technology policy for sustainable development ... · sustainable development in sd...
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Science and Technology Policy for Sustainable Development in Vietnam
Dr. Le Dinh Tien,Vice-minister of Science and Technology of Vietnam
Presentation at1st Asian Science and Technology Forum
Tokyo August 9th, 2005
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Outline of Presentation
1. Development context, achievements and challenges since 1990s
2. Government policy concerning sustainable development (SD)
3. S&T Policy for SD• 3.1. Decision-making processes for S&T Policy• 3.2. Transformation of S&T Policy for SD
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Some key figures about Vietnam
Population: 83.22 million (2005)
Urban - 20%; Rural - 80%
Land Area: 330,991 km2
Regions: 64 Provinces
Climate: Tropical and temperate
Geography: Two major rivers:
Red River and Mekong River
More than 3000km of coastline
People: Kinh people - 87%
53 ethnic minority groups - 13%, of which
90% are living in rural areas
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Development context• 1986: Introduction of economic reform (Doi moi) transforming
national economy from a centrally planned system into a market oriented one and open-door policy, gradually integrating it into world economy
• 1990: “10-Year Strategy for socio-economic Stabilization and Development” for period 1991-2000, took the “Doi moi” reform process much further and deeply, leading to significant changes and covering all sectors of the economy.
• 1996: Focus on promoting industrialization and modernization designed to reach industrialized status by 2020 and to prepare conditions for joining WTO.
• 2001: “10-Year Strategy for socio-economic development” for period 2001-2010.
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Development Achievements
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Development achievements• GDP Growth rate: 6.9% per annum (1996-2000); and 7.5%
(2001-2005)– An industrial growth rate of 12.9% per annum raising the share of
industry from 22.7% (1990) to 40.5% (2003) of GDP and reducing share of Agriculture from 38% to 21.7% accordingly.
– Sustained growth of 4.2% in agriculture, making Vietnam the second largest exporter of rice and third largest exporter of coffee in the world; Agricultural export constitutes 30% of the country’s export.
– Export growth: 16.2% per annum (2001-2005)– FDI shared 16.8% of total investment (2001-2005)
• Reduction of the rate of poverty (Vietnam's standard) from 30% of the total households in 1990 to 10% in 2000 and 7% in 2005
• The area covered by forest increases from 23% (beginning 1990s) to 34.5% (2001) and 37% (2004)
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Growth of GDP (Annual Rate %)
0
2
4
6
8
10
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
GDP
Average GDP Growth: 7.6% per annum doubling the size of Vietnam’s economy between 1995-2001
Viet Nam’s GDP per capita has increased this decade, but remains low ( at US$ 440 per capita in 2002; estimated US$ 600 in 2005). Source: Government Statistic Office
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Major development challenges
• The exhaustion of natural resources due to rapid economic growth based on natural resources and inefficient utilization of natural resources.
• Increased population vs. limited land resource (more 82 millions population; less 0.1 ha agricultural land per capita)
• Pollution caused by industrial development based on out of date technologies
• Pollution due to over-use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture
• Natural disaster (flooding, typhoons: El Nino, La Nina, earth quake,etc)
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Land Areas(Million Hectares)
56789
101112131415
1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1994
AgricultureForests
In 35 years, almost 1/3 of forests have been lost...
Source: UNDP
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Forest decline in Vietnam
• Rapid loss of forest in northern highlands
• Encroachment on Central Highlands (coffee, rubber)
• Loss of mangroves in Mekong Delta and Coastline (shrimp farming)
• Loss of valuable species
• Degradation of remaining area
19901970
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Natural Resources Base(Ha/Capita)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Malaysia Indonesia Thailand Viet Nam Philippines
Forest
Agriculture
… with less than 1/10 ha of agricultural land per capita
Source: UNDP
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Outline of Presentation
1. Development context, achievements and challenges since 1990s
2. Government policy concerning SD3. S&T Policy for SD
• 3.1. Decision-making processes for S&T Policy• 3.2. Transformation of S&T Policy for SD
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Government policy concerning SD (1)
• 1991: Gov. passed the first Vietnam National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development 1991-2000 (NPESD)– Recognition of the need to integrate socio-economic
development with environment
• as result of NPESD:– 1992: Establishment of MOSTE and – 1994: National Assembly passed Law on Environment
Protection
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Government policy concerning SD (2)
• 2002: Gov. approved the National Strategy for Environmental Protection (NSEP) up to 2010 and Vision toward 2020– NSEP is considered as part of the national socio-
economic Development Strategy towards SD
• 2004: Gov. approved the Strategic Orientation for SD in Vietnam (VN Agenda 21) – A framework strategy to ensure the SD in VN in 21st
Century
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Recognition of the role of S&T in the SD Policies
• S&T have been recognised to play key role for sustainable development in SD policy documents , e.g.
• Vietnam Agenda 21: – one of eight principles to pursuit SD in
Vietnam is to applying S&T, particularly in modern, clean and environmental friendly technology in production.
– The need to develop research capacity on environmental protection
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Outline of Presentation
1. Development context, achievements and challenges since 1990s
2. Government policy concerning SD3. S&T Policy for SD
• 3.1. Decision-making processes for S&T Policy• 3.2. Transformation of S&T Policy for SD
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National System of S&T in Vietnam
Government
Line Ministries/Agencies
Provinces/Centrally-Managed Cities
Council forSectoral S&T Policy
MOST
DOST of ministries DOST of provinces
R&D institutions under lineministries/agencies
R&D institutions affiliated to localities, associations, business-entities, joint-ventures, partnerships
Universities
National AssemblyVietnam Communist Party CSTECCSTE
National Council forS&T Policy
Department of Science & Education
Vietnam Academies of S&T
MOST: Ministry of S&T; DOST: Dept of S&T
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10 Year Socio-economic Development Strategy 2001-2010approved by National Party Congress
10 year Sectoral Development Strategy incl. S&T Strategy 2001-2010 approved by the Prime-minister
National SC from concerned ministries, chaired by the Minister of MOST
Drafting Working Group from Depts of concerned ministries, coordinated by NISTPASS
Supporting Research team from NISTPASS staff
Workshops/seminars to provide comments on the draft from concerned stakeholders (scientist, managers, business, NGOs, international experts)
Draft S&T Strategy 2001- 2010
Approved S&T Strategy
Decision-making process for S&T Policies:The case of the S&T Strategy 2010
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Transformation of S&T Policy for Sustainable Development
• Changing policy agenda/priority to address the need of integrating economic, social and environmental aspects in development planning and building endogenous S&T capacity to meet the need of SD.
• Wider participation of various stakeholders in the S&T policy process
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Changing Policy Agenda
• Since 1990s: S&T Policy focuses on the economic aspect – promotion of commercialization of research and technology and innovation in enterprises
• Recently ( as indicated in the S&T Strategy 2001-2010), S&T policy highlights the need to ensure the quality of development and achieve sustainable development.
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S&T Strategy 2001-2010
The Strategy focuses on achieving 3 groups of objectives:1. To ensure the supply of scientific grounds for the
shortened industrialization process, sustainable development and successful integration into the world economy;
2. To contribute to a decisive part to raising quality of economic growth and competitiveness of national economy;
3. To build and develop the scientific and technological capacity to be reached above average level of the region.
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State priority R&D Programs related to SD1996-2000
• National R&D Program (1996-2000): Total number is 11; and 5 of them concerning high technologies and environmental protection– R&D Program on ICT with 25 projects– R&D Program on Biotech for sustainable agriculture, forestry and
fishery sectors, environmental protection and health care with 28 projects
– R&D Program on Materials with 30 projects– R&D Program on Automization with 18 projects– R&D Program on Rational Utilization of Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection with 17 projects
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State priority R&D Programs related to SD2001-2005
• R&D Programs (2001-2005): Total number is 10; and 6 of them concerning high technologies and environmental protection, health care:– R&D Program on ICT– R&D Program on New Materials – R&D Program on Automization – R&D Program on Biotech – R&D Program on Environmental Protection and
Natural Disaster Prevention – R&D Program on Community Health Care
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Wider participation of stakeholders in policy formulation process (1)
• Move from sectoral approach to inter-sectoral one: involvement of many concerned sectors in policy formulation to deal with the intersectoral issues
• Move from a centralized and internal debate among policy makers to more broader involvement of concerned stakeholders and open debate.
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Wider participation of stakeholders in policy formulation process (2)
• Preparation of the S&T Strategy 2010 involved various groups of stakeholders representing academic, bureaucratic, economic and also civic communities:– Forms of participation: sending draft for review and comments,
holding workshop/seminar/roundtable discussion to discuss and reach collective consensus,
– Flexibility of conducting policy dialogue to adjust the policy goals and priorities, taking into consideration of concerns of relevant stakeholders.
• Using technology foresight as tool to involve stakeholders in setting priorities for S&T investment, e.g. TF for food-processing and tea:– First time to involve business community from food processing
and tea in the discussion to setting priorities for tee production.
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Conclusions• Vietnam has achieved a remarkable economic growth since
the Doi Moi reform in 1986. However, it also faces a number of development challenges.
• Government recognized the need for SD and implements a number of policies and strategies to ensure the sustainability of the development
• S&T Policy is considered a key instrument to contribute to SD in Vietnam. Thus, S&T policy has been transformed in terms of policy agenda/priorities and policy-making process: – Policy priorities include State R&D programs relevant to SD. – The Policy making process is more participatory involving
concerned stakeholders in the open debate.
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Thank you for your kind attention!