science-based management of fish resources in iceland€¦ · science-based management of fish...
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J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Science-based managementof fish resources
in Iceland
Jóhann Sigurjónsson, Director GeneralMarine Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
Conference on New partnerships between Iceland and the Caribbean Small Island Developing States
Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Science-based managementof fish resources
in Iceland
Jóhann Sigurjónsson, Director GeneralMarine Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
Conference on New partnerships between Iceland and the Caribbean Small Island Developing States
Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Photographed off Icelandand in the CaribbeanTracked by individuallyidentifiable “fingerprints”
Summer feeding grounds
Winter breedinggrounds
Humback whalemigration from
Iceland to the Caribbean
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
0
400.000
800.000
1.200.000
1.600.000
2.000.000
2.400.000
1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995
Annað
Krabbadýr
Loðna
Síld
Karfi
Ufsi
Ýsa
Þorskur
World War I
World War II
4 miles
200
miles12
miles
50
miles
Other
Crustaceans
Capelin
Herring
Redfish
Saithe
Haddock
Cod
Cod
Capelin
Herring
Iceland: Total cathces 1905-2004
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
OCEAN CURRENTS
Gulf-Stream (warm)
E-Greenland Current (cold) EE--Iceland Current Iceland Current
(cold)(cold)
ICELAND
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
THE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Research/Advice
• Environmental factors affecting stock development
• Stock structure and productivity• Advice on TACs
> Marine Research Institute
> International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
> Stakeholder involvement
• Management framework
• ITQ’s introduced in 1984, later further developed
• Effective monitoring and enforcement of regulations> Ministry of Fisheries and
Agriculture
> Fisheries Directorate> Icelandic Coast Guard
> Transparency
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Temperature variations north of Iceland 1952-20054-5 °C deviations from warmest and coldest years
-2
-1,6
-1,2
-0,8
-0,4
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002
Dev
iatio
n fro
m m
ean
Warm period 1920Warm period 1920 --6464
°C
Ice yearsIce years
WarmWarm //ColdCold Warm period ?Warm period ?
Iceland Seas - August 2007Sea temperature at 50m depth
Temperature at the coast of Icelandin summer:
-1-10+°C
Great variability intemperature range
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
CAPELIN STOCK SIZE AND WEIGHT OF COD THE FOLLOWING YEAR
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
ME
AN
WE
IGH
T O
F A
GE
6 C
OD
(kg
)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
CA
PE
LIN
(T
HO
US
. TO
NN
ES
)
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96YEAR
COD 6yrCAPELIN
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Who shall eat the capelin, man, cod, the humpback whale ? And how much ?
Capelin vessel
Diving humpback whale
FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT AND ANNUAL ADVICE
Assesssment model
Population size, dynamics, fishing rates and forecasts
• Fishery-independent methods- Surveys
• Fishery-dependent methods- Sample catches or landings
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
30° 28° 26° 24° 22° 20° 18° 16° 14° 12° 10°
63°
64°
65°
66°
67°
68°Autumn BTS
Shrimp surveys
Spawning survey
Spring BTS (March)
Lobster survey
1500 stations !!
ANNUAL STOCK MONITORING SURVEYS
Measured = 720 thous. fish Age determined = 113 thous. fish
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
GROUND FISH SURVEY: 3 YEAR OLD CODAND 4 YEAR OLD FOLLOWING YEAR
999897
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
100
R2 = 0.91
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Fjöldi 3 ára
Fjö
ldi 4
ára
91% of 4yr olds explained by 3yr olds the year before
Index for 3yr old cod
Index for 4yr oldcod
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
MAIN MANAGEMENT MEASURES
• TAC’s, setting catch limits• Mesh size, gear type• Season length and timing• Closed areas
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
CLOSED AREAS: BOTTOM TRAWLFor protection of juvenile fishAnd unwanted bi-catches
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
CLOSED AREAS: LONG-LINING
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Cod: Development of Spawning StockBiomass 1961-2007
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
Sustainable, but measurestaken (cuts in quota) to increasestock size and long-term yields
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Icelandic Summer-Spawning herringHarvested at optimal harvest strategy since early 1970’s
0
200
400
600
800
1947 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002
Year
Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB)Thous. tons
Collapse
Full recovery
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
Iceland Haddock: Fishable biomass
0
100
200
300
400
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004
B3+Environmental influence
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
IN CONCLUSION
• World is not perfect - progress still made• The concept of science-based management
is widely accepted in Iceland, although practical details are always debated
• Communication is the key element to obtain sufficient involvement and participation of all stakeholders
• Such an approach requires wide ranging research and monitoring– this needs to be understood by all stakeholders, including
authorities
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
IN CONCLUSION
• The potential lies in better utilisation of our fish resources
• E.g. lesser fishing effort can:– Easily yield 10-20% more cod in Iceland– Much higher cpue, lower cost
• Regard needs to be taken to multispecies aspects - even marine mammals are part of the ecosystem!
• Important to establish long-term sustainable harvest strategies with a wider ecosystem view
J. Sigurjónsson: Iceland-Caribbean SIDS, Bridgetown, Barbados, 25-27 March 2008
THANK YOU !!