science & technology june 12 2012 .pdf · science & technology einstein’s lost notes...
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Science & Technology
Einstein’s Lost Notes
“Replace beehive burners”
“Use Alterna Energy”
“E = bc2, where bc = BIOCARBON”
Alterna Biocarbon Inc.
P.O. Box 2250 Prince George, BC
V2N 2J8 www.alternabiocarbon.com
Science & Technology
Einstein’s Lost Notes
“Replace beehive burners”
“Use Alterna Energy”
“E = bc2, where bc = BIOCARBON”
Alterna Biocarbon Inc.
Hugh McLaughlin, Ph.D., P.E.
Director of Biocarbon Research
www.alternabiocarbon.com
1
BIOMASS BIOCARBON DRYING Pyrolysis
Dehydration Decarbonylation
Carbonization Depolymerization Radical formation
COOLING
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Concept Design
Commercial Facility
Alterna Biocarbon
South Africa
McBride Biocarbon
Technical Facility
McBride Biocarbon
Technical Facility
Emissions after high temperature
oxidation – integral to process
Particulate = 13 mg/m3 SO2 = N.D.
NO2 = 28 ppm CO = 34 ppm
Volatiles = 9 ppm
Currently under construction in Isle Pierre, BC is the first commercial
scale Van Aardt Process. Isle Pierre is 32 km west of Prince George
and adjacent to the Canfor-Isle Pierre Sawmill. The initial line will
process 4,000 to 5,000 tonnes of various “Biocarbon” products per
year, with the site capacity of 25,000 tonnes per year when completed.
Coal blend Maple Leaf
Charcoal
Alterna Energy
Charcoal
Proximate Ash 7.30 2.30 6.11
VM 29.26 15.50 12.90
FC 63.44 82.2 80.99
Ultimate %C 87.26 84.92
%H 2.86 1.90
%N 0.46 0.42
%S <0.05 <0.05
%O 7.07 6.66
Ash %SiO2 51.62 3.01 50.61
%Al2O3 30.73 0.87 8.70
%Fe2O3 8.62 0.82 10.03
%P2O5 0.385 3.80 1.14
%CaO 1.67 53.2 15.93
%MgO 0.86 8.05 3.01
%Na2O 0.56 2.74 1.38
%K2O 1.97 12.42 5.27
Data provided by CanmetENERGY, O3 April 2009 – private communication
(35 wt %) (40 wt %) (25 wt %)
57% of carbon 33% of carbon
0% + 6% + 4% of carbon
as found in Antal & Gronli, The Art, Science and Technology of
Charcoal Production, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 1619-1640,
on page 1621, Klason and co-workers (1908, 1925) report:
For the carbonization of “wood”, at 400 Celsius:
Excerpt from: The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production,
Antal, et.al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 42, No. 8, 2003 (page 1621).
Excerpt from: The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production,
Antal, et.al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 42, No. 8, 2003 (page 1621).
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Maximum Biomass Processing Temperature Celsius
Mas
s f
rac
tio
n (
%)
Carbon Hydrogen
Oxygen wt fuel per wt dry wood
FC content FC yield
FIGURE 1: Trends on biocarbon properties with increasing carbonization temperatures
FIGURE 2: Derived Fuel Metrics of Biofuels (dry wood = 100%)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Energy Yield (dry wood = 100%)
Energy Density (dry wood = 100%)
Fuel Yield (wt fuel per wt dry wood)
Moisture Content Highest Treatment Temperature0%
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 200 250 300 350 400 450
Highest Treatment Temp C
En
erg
y d
en
sti
y (
GJ/m
etr
ic t
on
ne)
0%moisture content of wood
carbonization at 400C - 2.53 GJ excess per tonne dry wood
carbonization at 350C - near iso-energetic w ith 50% moisture
torrefaction at 300C - iso-energetic at 30% moisture
Energy for Drying
Drying = removing 1 ton of water out per ton of dry wood - 2.32 GJ
FIGURE 4: Energy Balance - supplying the energy for Drying from the Pyrolysis Process
Vapor = 6500 Btu/# x 28%/58% = 3140 Btu/#
Energy = 72% - 51% = 21%
Weight = 42% - 27% = 15%
Science & Technology
Einstein’s Lost Notes
“Replace beehive burners”
“Use Alterna Energy”
“E = bc2, where bc = BIOCARBON”
Alterna Biocarbon Inc.
P.O. Box 2250 Prince George, BC
V2N 2J8 www.alternabiocarbon.com