scientific paper writing
TRANSCRIPT
Types of Scientific Writings
• Editorial
• Original Article• Review Article• Case Reports• Letter to Editor• Personal Views • Special Communication• How I do it? • Abstract • Meta-Analysis
Editorial
An editorial is an article in a journal, newspaper or magazine that expresses the editor's personal bias.
EXAMPLE How to Review an Article. Satish K. Shukla. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2, 93-96, 2010.
Bariatrics, Metabolic Dysfunction and the Surgeon. Anil Sharma. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72, Number 4, 283-284, 2010.
Original ArticleOriginal article is the predominant type of publication for articles.
EXAMPLE•Quality-of-life: A study on patients of carcinoma breast and its pitfalls in Indian society. A.K. Shah and L.S. Vohra. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72, Number 2 107-111. Preoperative ultrasound guided needle localisation for non-palpable breast lesions. Kalyan Das. Diptendra Kumar Sarkar, RejaulKarim and Asim Kumar Manna. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72, Number 2,2010.
A comprehensive article published after examination of all available published material on a subject.
EXAMPLE
Triple assessment in the diagnosis of breast cancer in Kashmir . Masooda Jan, Javed Ahmed Mattoo, Nazir, Ahmed Salroo and Shahnawaz Ahangar. Indian Journal of Surgery, Volume 72, Number 2,97-103. 2010. Rare cause of intestinal obstruction - Vaginal enterocele. Dharmendra Mehta, Deval, M B Shaam and J K Yadav. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72, Number 2, 104-106,2010.
A clinical presentation that is followed by thorough investigations and leads to a diagnosis.
EXAMPLE Primary hyperparathyroidism: A report of two unusual
cases. Sanoop K. Zachariah and P.A. Thomas. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,135-137, 2010. •The ileosigmoid knot. Rajaram Burrah, Arun Menon, H. Pathan, R.Ravikanth and Arun Kilpadi. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,140-142, 2010.
Is hyperaldosteronism a pathognomonic feature of conn’ssyndrome? R. Nagaraj, K Kuberan, M.S. Senthil Kumar and M. Chandresekaran. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,146-148, 2010.
If you are deeply concerned about something you've seen, heard or read, write a passionate point of view to the editor of the journal.
The incidence of soft tissue sarcoma in Daskhina
Kannada: Study in a district government hospital. Bobby V.M. Dasari Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,146-148, 2010.
Extended pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. SagarSadhu and Manas Kr Roy. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,168-169, 2010.
Opinion essays require a combination of personal and argumentative approach-
EXAMPLE
Hippocratic Oath, 21st Century. Anand Kumar. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,171-175, 2010.
A work mostly related to a particular topic.
EXAMPLE FOR INSTITUTION AND SURGEONS
Sir Astley Paston CooperHistory, English Surgeon and Anatomist . Rikki Singhal, Rajinder Pal Singal, Amit Mittal, Sudeep Sangwan and Nidhi Gupta. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 3, 93-96, 2010. (Online first)
ABOUT SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND INNOVATIONS
Radiographic griding of subcutaneous soft tissue metallic foreign bodies in emergency department. Akhilesh Kr Agarwal, Utpal De, Udita Ray, AnshuAgarwal and Pankaj Singodia. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,133-134, 2010.
The economical way to off-load diabetic foot ulcers [Mandakini off-loading device]. Sunil V.Kari. Indian Journal of Surgery Volume 72 Number 2,133-134, 2010.
Brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject. It is a self-contained, short, and powerful statement that describes a larger work.
Comparison of Ligasure Hemorrhoidectomy with Conventional Ferguson’s Hemorrhoidectomy. Rahul Khanna, Seema Khanna, Shilpi Bhadani, Sanjay Singh and Ajay K. KhannaAbstract
Conventional hemorrhoidectomy for grade III and IV hemorrhoids is a tedious procedure associated with significant morbidity and a prolonged convalescence. We compared Ligasure™ hemorrhoidectomy with conventional ‘closed’ Ferguson’s hemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of grade III and IV hemorrhoids…………..
Keywords Hemorrhoidectomy - Ligasure - Ferguson’s
consists of several studies using a quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies drawn from the published literature and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness or plan new studies.
It is often an overview of clinical trials.
EXAMPLEMeta-analysis of laparoscopic and open distal gastrectomy for gastric
carcinoma. Muhammad Ashraf Memon, Shahjahan Khan, Richard Barr and Breda Memon. Surgical Endoscopy Volume 22, Number 8, 1781 – 1789, 2009.
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Current status
Highlight the gaps in knowledge which the proposed research will fill.
State what you intend to do and
Give relevent references
Study design
What subjects/animals/specimens or techniques were used?
Reason for selecting the experimental design of the study
Statistical methods used for analysis
Material and Methods - if inanimate specimens have
been used. Numbers
How are they grouped - (cases /controls)
Exclusion and inclusion criteria
Informed consent obtained
Description of technique – confirm validity of the method and results.
Repeat the study to ascertain validity.
Standard technique - give reference with any modifications should be clearly explained
Drug trial – complete description of trial
Statistical methods or statistical package employed for verification of results.
(consult a statistician before starting the study)
Presentation of facts, measurements,
and observations gathered by the author
Start with the results that are easier to interpret
Results should be set out in tables and figures
Main results should be summarised at the beginning of discussion
Mention previous results or that can be compared with the current study.
What gaps in knowledge remain to be filled?
Last paragraph - message of the article
Where further research is needed
Future work
Thank all those who deserve recognition for their contribution - staff and Institutions providing financial support.
1.Articles Vega K., Pina I., Krevisky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreaticobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1: 124(11): 980-3
2. Books Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Bremier BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. P.465-78.
3. Thesis and DissertationKaplan SJ. Post-hospital home health care: the elderly's access and untilizaiion (dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Washington Univ: 1995.
4. Electronic material Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious disease. EmergInftect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar (cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from URL: http:/www.cdc.gov/ncdod/EID/eid.htm
Requirements for Submission of Manuscript -Must Read Instructions to Authors -requirements for submission of manuscripts
Required number of copies/ figures / photos / photographs
Covering letter signed by all co-authors
Approved by all authors and not been submitted else where
Choose an appropriate Journal – ask for favourite journal of your Faculty.
Go through the requirements for submission of manuscripts.
Write simple grammatically correct sentences
Avoid irrelevant details
Show the draft to colleagues – 5 times Rule
Read final draft carefully
No grammatical or typographic mistakes