scientific programs and strategies concerning … programs and strategies concerning hydrogen ......
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Scientific programs and strategies concerning hydrogen
storage and fuel cells in ItalyM. Baricco
Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS, Università
di Torino, [email protected]
Energy in Italy•
59.762.887 inhabitants
•
Energy consumption in 2007: 360170 GWh•
Energy production in 2007: 313887 GWh
•
Thermoelectric 73,8% –
Natural gas 65 %
–
Coal 17 %–
Oil products 9 %
–
Others 9 %•
Renewable 13.4 %–
Hydroelectric 80 %
–
Geothermic 11 %–
Eolic
9 %
–
Photovoltaic small quantities (39 GWh
in 2007)•
Import 12,8%
Why H2/FC in Italy•
In Italy there is a growing interest in hydrogen and related technologies, like fuel cells, according to the similar trends in most industrialised
countries.
•
This interest is mainly driven from the following factors:–
diversification of primary energy sources, with increase of energy security and reduction of dependence on imported fuels
–
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (target for Kyoto Protocol) and the local pollution in urban areas
–
creation of opportunities for the national industry to increase their capability to provide innovative technologies, characterised
by a high added value and
export potential
Hydrogen chain
Hydrogen productionNatural gas, oil Renewable Nuclear
Steam reforming Electrolysis Thermolysis
UseFuel cells
PEM-SOFC
Mobile
Stationary
Distribution and storagePipes, re-fillng stations
Compressed gas
Liquid
Solid state
Motivations
•
Central and local governments–
Environmental issues
–
Politics–
Sustain to industries
•
Industries–
New business
–
New technology–
Development of new companies
•
Research–
Fundamental interests
–
Connections with industry –
Technological transfer–
Funding opportunities
Italian H2/FC platform•
To coordinate the activities in this field, an agreement was established in 2004 between the Ministry of Education, University and Regions, with the following objectives :–
to define an Italian research and deployment strategy for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and promote initiatives capable of increasing the national industry’s competitiveness
–
to establish a strong and co-ordinate relationship with the European Platform and to favour a major participation of the national organizations
–
to avoid duplication of efforts between different projects so that resources can be used in the most effective way
•
The development of an Italian Platform for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells is still under discussion.
Specific
agreements: associations
•
Italian Association for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - H2IT–
over 100 members (Regions, Universities, Research centres, Industries)
–
the goal is to stimulate and develop the market for the use of hydrogen, to create a strong industry voice of companies and institutes involved in the sector, and to secure a leading role for Italy in the world market.
–
www.h2it.org
Specific
agreements: associations
•
Italian
Hydrogen
Forum –
ITFORUM•
Its mission is:–
to ease hydrogen development as an energy vector and to promote hydrogen related technologies;
–
to spread knowledge about hydrogen related technologies and their applications in the industrial sector;
–
to improve the relationship among Italian researchers and foreign associations, organizing either national based and international
meetings, workshops and conferences, or promoting congresses and conferences held in countries different from Italy;
–
to provide a reliable meeting point for academia, R&D departments and industry, involved in the development of hydrogen based energy systems;
–
to promote contracts, exchanges and co-operations with foreign operators.
•
www.h2forum.it
Specific
agreements: associations
•
H2ROMA–
Magazine, events and education.
–
H2Roma is •
Green Expo, a low emission cars exhibition
•
Green Drive, a test drive on the road of future's cars
•
Agorà
for the schools•
Conference Hall, a free entrance place for various debates and meetings
–
www.h2roma.org
Specific
agreements: hydrogen laboratories
•
Hydrogen
Park–
A consortium for Hydrogen has been established in Marghera, near Venice, an industrial area characterized by:
•
availability of large quantity of hydrogen (6,000 tonn/year, 40% of the Italian production) as by-product of industrial processes
•
presence of many industrial organizations already involved in hydrogen field
–
Various demonstration activities, both for stationary and transport applications of hydrogen.
–
www.hydrogenpark.com
Specific
agreements: hydrogen laboratories
•
HySyLab–
is
a centre
of excellence
on hydrogen
technologies;
co-financed
by
EU, it
was
launched
by
Environment Park together
with
Gruppo Sapio, GTT, Provincia di
Torino, Politecnico di Torino, and with
the support
of Regione Piemonte and Città
di Torino
–
is the competence centre of the Piedmont Hydrogen System and of the operators of the sector, as a support laboratory for small and medium sized enterprises and as a training centre for future technicians working in the sector of the applied research.
–
www.hysylab.com
Production:Hydrogen generation via anaerobic digestion of organic materials
The activity is oriented to generate hydrogen from organic waste through a 2-steps anaerobic digestion.
Presently the process is running on a pilot scale plant, testing different results feeding different organic materials and trying to set up the easiest conditions for a real scale transfer.
•No thermally driven processes
•Strict control on kinetics
•Use of easily available bacteria to drive the process
P1-B
P1-C
Polmone
B
C
M
Stoccaggio Idrogeno
Serbatoio Fanghi
Acido Base
P2-D
P1-D
D E
P2-A
Pompa per vuoto
Timer
Timer
35
200 litri
V1-B
V1-C
V4-B
H2O
Stoccaggio Biogas
D E
V2-C
H2O
120
140
160
180
200
A 200 litri
TrituratoreTramoggia700 litri
FI
H2O
P1-A
A Serbatoio di alimentazione e pretrattamentoB Bioreattore per la produzione di IdrogenoC Bioreattore per la produzione di BiogasD LavaggioE DeumidificazioneM Membrana di separazione IdrogenoP1 Pompa di movimentazione liquameP2 Pompa di alimentazione reattore BP3 Pompa di reintegro reattore CP4 Pompa di ricircolo serbatoio AP5 Pompa a vuoto per idrogenoP6 Pompa dosatrice sol. acidaP7 Pompa dosatrice sol. basica
Cubo1000 litri
filtro
V1-A
T1-AlLS-A
hLS-A
hLS1-C
ricirc
olo
rH1-C
2,5 Litri
5 Litri
hLS-B
Litri
pH1-BrH1-BT1-B
V4-D
V3-D
V1-D
V2-DpH1-A
T1-C
pH1-C
Serbatoio liquami
P2-CP3-C
V2-B
V3-B
Tramoggia700 litri
C1-B
PS1-B
C1-C
PS1-C
LM-C
hLS2-C
VI1-B
VI1-C
Composition of gas
61.23
38.73
0.040.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
H2 CO2 CH4
%
Applications: Test of PEM stacks
PEMFC-stacks characterisation up to 10 kWSingle cells and global voltageIntegration and tests of auxiliary modules
PEM-FC up to 20 kWThin-film water evaporators for
gas humidificationThermal mass flow controllers for
anode gas composition control (pure oxygen, reformate, syngas…)
Electronic loadRemote control
Ready for high temperature FCs
Local Authorities
Laboratories
Universities
70 private companies including 5 start-ups
•
support and direct research in hydrogen technologies;
•
promote the professional growth of technical and management personnel in universities, laboratories, and private enterprises;
•
support the development of regional infrastructures for hydrogen exploitation;
•
promote the transfer of technology from lab- to industrial-scale;
•
sustain research on technologies for hydrogen production from renewable sources.
Specific agreements: Sistema Piemonte Idrogeno SPH2
Piedmont and Lombardy (13 million residents, 9.3 million vehicles, 29% of Italian GDP, highest concentration
of industries and commercial activities) have agreed upon a common and integrated strategy on H2 and FC.
Next 5 years planned resources: 50 M€
5th corridor
Contacts are in progress with several countries along the 5th
corridor and with other Italian Regions to expand this network with a focus on H2 & renewable energies.
Specific agreements: Piemonte and Lombardia regions
Status of fuel cell activities in Italy
PEFCPEFC• 1-50 kW systems for residential power generation• Development of systems for transportation• Modular systems for multi-MW power plants
MCFCMCFC • Development of systems for stationary applications (125 kW – 4 MW)
SOFCSOFC• Basic research on novel materials and
components • Demonstration of a 100 kW CHP unit (GTT,
Turin)
DMFCDMFC • Basic research on materials and components• Development of stacks for portable applications
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Nuvera Fuel Cells
►
PowerFlow™- 2.5-5 kW PEFC module for a variety of industrial applications
►
AVANTI™ - 4.6 kW CHP system►
FORZA™- modular systems (up to120 kW) for multi-MW power plants and heavy-duty applications
STATIONARY APPLICATIONSSTATIONARY APPLICATIONS
TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION►
ANDROMEDA™- 85 kW FC stack►
STAR™ - gasoline fuel processor
Hydrogen power modules for industrial vehicles and equipmentSystems for cogenerationGasoline fuel processor and fuel cell stacks for automotive
Andromeda
PowerFlow (5 kW)AVANTI
FC Qualification Lab OsioFORZA
STAR
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Arcotronics Fuel Cells
Development of PEFCPEFC
stacks and integrated systems (500 W systems (500 W --
50 50
kW) kW) for stationary applications for stationary applications and transportationand transportation.
5 kW CHP PEFC system1kW PEFC portable power module
30 kW CHP unit
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells Ansaldo
Fuel Cells
•
Development of stacks and balance of plant components
•
Development of multi-megawatt demo units
Production and commercialization ofProduction and commercialization of0.1 0.1 –– 10 MW MCFC plant10 MW MCFC plant
Two electrochemical modules, each formed by two stacks, integrated with their relevant ancillaries
“Series 2TW”
FA150R stack (AFCo)
Stack conditioning (Guadalix)
““Series 2TWSeries 2TW”” plantsplants
Projects: hydrogen public refilling stations
Eni
realised in a AGIP multienergy station in Collesalvetti
(near Livorno)
an integrated demo system, producing energy by wind turbines, by a photovoltaic field and by a CHP micro turbine fuelled with natural gas.
Produced electric energy is used for normal utilization in the station and to generate hydrogen
Milano
Collesalvetti
Torino
H2/CH4 distribution planned in Puglia
Specifications
Frame: Monty E70 Modified
Electric engine: Brushless. 250W, 500W peak
Battery: Lead Acid. 48V-7.6Ah
Maximum speed: 30 Km/h
Charging time: 7-9h (batteries), 1h (metal hydride tanks)
Range: 60Km
Wheels: 16”x2.4
Brakes: Drum brakes
Analogic speedometer: Speed / Charge
Weight: 80 Kg
FC system
Fuel cell: Arcotronics, 20 cells, 20- 10V, 500W
H2 tank: 2 Metal Hydride H200 Bond by LabTech, 200 Nl
Electronics
DSP based controller
control of power flow from stack to batteries and motor
LCDshows all parameters of power system
System diagnostic and communication:
via laptop intarface (RS232)
Projects: Hysyrider®
H2
scooter
Projects: hydrogen driven “vaporetto” in Venice•
Fuel
cells
with
hydrogen
stored
in metal
hydride
tanks.
Hydrogen School: Development of Teaching Labs on the Hydrogen Chain
600 Nml/min Electrolyser100 Nl @ 4 barg TankAir Compressor200 W Fuel CellElectronic DC LoadGas Management SystemSoftware for Data,Acquisition
and Control
Design, realization and set up of 9 teaching labs 9 teaching labs Technical High School of Technical High School of each Piedmont district each Piedmont district in order to promote and in order to promote and diffuse the knowledge diffuse the knowledge of hydrogen of hydrogen technologies.technologies.
Projects: educational
HySyOne: is an educational lab to learn and observe all the hydrogen chain
Projects: Hysy
Vision at the RegioSTARS 2007, short listed among the 6 best european
funded projects in the tech transfer field
Development of a metal hydride tank:
•Alloy preparation
•Thermofluidodynamic studies
•Tank production
•Testing
European collaborations
•
JTI–
Industrial group
–
Research
group–
Regional
group
•
Projects
in the 6°
and 7°
FP–CMA–Hytran–COSY–FlyHy–ZEROREGIO
–HYSYS–ROADS2HYCOM–AUTOBRANE–ZEOCELL–HyRamp–………….
Conclusions•
In Italy there is a large interest in hydrogen and related technologies, like fuel cells.
•
Some FC companies are already in the market.•
Scientific competences are available.
•
Many R&D projects are being carried out in this field, in the frame of European and national programs, with the involvement of industries, research organisations and users.
•
An effort has to be undertaken to coordinate the programs with the establishment of an Italian Platform on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells.