Focus on marine risk reduction measures today and thoughts for the future with a look at oil movement changes by geographic area affecting Washington State.

Scott J. Ferguson WA Ecology Spills Prevention Section Manager

To protect Washington’s environment, public

health, and safety through a comprehensive spill

prevention, preparedness, and response

program.

Spills Program Mission

Cooperative Vessel Traffic Service

A Traffic Separation Scheme exists for the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound and is recognized by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This vessel traffic service operates in cooperation with Canadian authorities as part of the Canada/U.S. Cooperative Vessel Traffic Management System

Key risk reducing measures – zero spills goal

• Emergency Response Towing Vessel: industry pays to keep it at Neah Bay.

• 125,000 dead weight tonnage limit for Puget Sound, these vessels can only be loaded to just under one million barrels to enter our waters.

• All oil tankers arriving into Washington waters are double-hulled. One way traffic Rosario

• BC Pilots and Puget Sound Pilots (treaty of 1846).

Tug escorts – U.S. and Canada

All laden oil tankers transiting to/from Washington ports must be accompanied by an adequate tug escort

• all points east and north from a line extending of the New Dungeness light to Discovery Island light (just east of Port Angeles).

• All laden oil tankers transiting to/from Canadian ports must be accompanied by an adequate escort tug • between Race Rocks (south of Victoria) and East Point (at the eastern end of

Boundary Pass).

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

350,000,000

400,000,000

450,000,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Bar

rels

Total OilMoved

Vessel

Pipeline

Rail

Truck

Oil Moved by Transport Mode

US existing & proposed terminals 2013

Washington Pipelines Two crude oil – Been receiving oil from Canada since 1980.

• Kinder Morgan Transmountain Pipeline – short BP Cherry Point line

Four others moving refined oil - Crucial delivery mode for refined oils to transportation hubs like commercial and military airports.

• Olympic Pipeline • McChord/US Oil • Tesoro Pipeline • P66

EXPORT BAN LIFTED • Energy independence was the goal

when the U.S. banned the export (with some exceptions) of crude oil out of the U.S.

• Now the country is divided on this issue.

• Ban now lifted.

Tank Ships in Puget Sound

• Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) U.S. and foreign tankers bring in crude oil from Alaska and around the world.

• In addition, a large number of foreign tankers transit our waters to load crude oil and refined product out of the Westridge Marine Terminal in Vancouver, BC.

• When traveling to and from Canada, not subject to Washington requirements.

TANKER SIZES, AND CAPESIZE BULKER* *General around 300 meters (3.28 Ft/Meter) long and 175K DWT to 400K DWT

Panamax vs. New Panamax

Panamax New Panamax

Length 294.13 m (965 ft) 366 m (1,200 ft)

Width 32.31 m(106 ft) 49 m (160.7 ft)

Draught 12.04 m (41.2 ft) 15.2 m(49.9 ft)

TEU 5,000 13,000

POLAR ENDEAVOUR AND ALASKA LEGEND

Tank Barges

• Tank barges range throughout the Puget Sound region, transiting most every major waterway and servicing most all ports.

• Major source of shipping fueling (bunkering).

• While most are traditional tow-wire barges in which a tug tows the barge, there are an increasing number of Articulated Tug and Barges (ATBs), where the tug is connected to the barge by pins and pushes it.

ARTICULATED TUG AND BARGE

DRY BULK SHIPS

• HANDYSIZE: 15K – 30K DWT, BELOW 500’ LOA

• HANDYMAX: 30K – 50K DWT, 490’-655’ LOA

• MODERN HANDYMAX 52K -58K DWT

• SUPRAMAX (PANAMAX): 50K – 60K DWT

CONTAINERSHIP SIZES

CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin

It was the largest cargo vessel to visit the United States, measuring 1,310 feet in length, or longer than the height of two Space Needles. This massive ship can carry 18,000 shipping containers. That is more than double the cargo of most container ships calling on the Port of Seattle. Loaded on a train (and most of them will be) those containers would stretch more than 68 miles, or the distance from Tacoma, Washington, to Everett. 4.5 million gallons fuel on board.

YouTube Video of the CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin’s transit from Seattle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2t--m0lpDgM

By comparison

Puget Sound Fishing Fleet

• Seattle is home to the North Pacific Fishing Fleet. Fisherman’s Terminal in the Ballard ship canal moors a few hundred small, to mid-sized fishing vessels and a few large vessels, as well. These vessels enter and depart Puget Sound via the Straits of Juan de Fuca and Georgia seasonally according to fish openings.

• Typically, they fuel at Ballard Oil or Covich Williams or from mobile fueling trucks.

Ferry System Part of the state highway system. Typically fuels by having mobile fuel trucks drive on board the ferries.

Columbia River

The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest. The distance between the mouth and the Ports of Portland and Vancouver is 106 nautical miles.

• Grain, oil, wood products and chemical

Mostly “tramps” or discretionary cargo, meaning having no long-term charters with regular trading routes.

Key risk reducing measures – zero spills goal

• Bar Pilots, River Pilots are responsible for navigating ships over the Columbia River Bar

• Vessel traffic management system through Marine Exchange in Portland.

• Occasional bar closures.

• Loadmax system and river gauges.

Large River System

• River from mouth to Lewiston Idaho, you rise 748 feet.

• Series of locks and dams. ACOE manage the system.

• Three distinct areas: mouth to Astoria, Astoria to I-5 bridge, bridge to Clarkston. Depth of river is dredged to 43 feet to the I-5 bridge, above this the depth is 14 feet.

Grays Harbor

Grays Harbor is a highly sensitive environment with numerous natural and cultural resources. Its narrow channel and bar present challenges for ships and barges entering and leaving the harbor.

A breaking bar at the entrance to Grays Harbor, coupled with strong and sometimes erratic currents, can present a navigational challenge to commercial and recreational vessels.

Key risk reducing measures – zero spills goal

• Grays Harbor Pilots, off shoot of Puget Sound Pilots.

• Occasional bar closures.

• Car carriers, biodiesel, agricultural goods, methanol and grains. About 100 ships a year, up and down.

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1508010.pdf

• Planning

• Contingency planning requirements for rail

• Geographic response planning

• Local emergency planning (EMD)

• Vessel Safety

• Vessel traffic risk assessment for Columbia River • Funding note also provided resources to update Puget Sound VTRA

• Rulemaking authority for Grays Harbor (Pilotage Commission)

• Other Policies

• New rail and pipeline reporting requirements

• Equipment grants

• Rail financial documentation (UTC)

• Purpose

• Provide an evaluation and assessment to the Washington legislature of vessel traffic management and vessel traffic safety within and near the mouth of the Columbia River

• Funding • $380,000 2015-17 biennium

• $70,000 2017-19 biennium (planned)

• Requirements • Consult with US Coast Guard, Oregon Board of Maritime

Pilots, Lower Columbia Region Harbor Safety Committee, Columbia River Bar Pilots, Columbia River Pilots, area tribes, public ports in Oregon and Washington, local governments, other appropriate entities

• Assess and evaluate • Need for tug escorts for oil tankers, articulated tug barges, other

waterborne vessels or barges • Best Achievable Protection • Required tug capabilities to ensure safe escort

• Provide recommendations for • Vessel traffic management and vessel traffic safety on the Columbia

River • Tug escort requirements for vessels transporting oil as bulk cargo

• Project Roles • Ecology

• Project sponsor and lead

• Communications, outreach and engagement

• Report and recommendations

• DNV-GL • Consultant conducting evaluation and assessment

• LCRHSC Workgroup • Voluntary group of industry stakeholders

• Provides input and feedback to Ecology and DNV-GL

• Participating Tribes and Stakeholders • Provide input and feedback to Ecology and DNV-GL

33

Risk Methodology Timeline

April / May 2016

Sept / Oct 2016

Model Inputs Finalized

Dec 2016

Feb 2017

Apr 2017

Input

Input

Input

Input

Briefing/Webinar

Scenario

Workshop

May 2016 Fall 2016 June 2018

Final Report

(pending funding)

April 2017

Draft Report

to Ecology

Spring 2017

Model

Results

December 2017

Draft Report

to

Legislature

Key opportunities for participation and input

Outreach/

Consultation

Summer 2016

©Seattle Times

• Purpose

• Update the 2010 Puget Sound Vessel Traffic Risk Assessment in order to: • Maintain the accuracy and usefulness of the VTRA model;

• Produce a final report and analysis presentations that will inform recommendations and actions by federal, state, tribal, and local governments; industry; environmental groups; and the public to reduce the potential for oil spills in the Puget Sound

• Funding

• $100,000 2015-17 biennium

• $60,000 EPA NEP grant

• Tasks

• Develop 2015 Base Case

• Update 2010 What-If Cases and compare them to 2015 Base Case

• Define 2015 What-If Cases and compare them to 2015 Base Case

• Define 2015 Risk Mitigation Measure Cases and compare them to 2015 Base Case

• Prepare final report and presentation

• Project Roles • Ecology

• Project sponsor and lead

• GWU/VCU • Contractor conducting assessment

• Final report and presentations

• Puget Sound HSC Workgroup • Voluntary group of tribes, industry, government, environmental groups

• Provides input using consensus-based process

Extrapolate to TANK FV

Extrapolate to CARGO FV

VESSEL TRAFFIC RISK ASSESSMENT (VTRA) 2015

9/20/2016 40 GW-VCU : DRAFT

Situations Incidents Accidents Oil Spill

Maritime

Simulation

Expert Judgment

+ Accident Data Incident

Data

Oil Outflow

Model

VTOSS 2010 DATA +

AIS 2015 COUNT LINE

DATA

BP TANKER + ATB/ITB

INCIDENT DATA

VTRA 2015 CALLIBRATION

TANK FV + CARGO FV

ACCIDENT DATA 31 Incidents 1995 - 2005

13 TANK FV Accidents 52 CARGO FV Accidents (1995 – 2005)

ALL FV ACCIDENT DATA

WITH SPILLS

2 FV Accidents (1990 – 2015)

Kick Off

What-If Workshop

Risk Mitigation

Workshop

March 2016 June 2016 July 2016 October 2016

Final Report

September 2016

Draft Report

Workgroup Input and Feedback; meets with Harbor Safety Committee

Salish Sea Risk

Workshop

GWU/VCU analysis and modeling

• Combination of several pending IMO and waterway changes (remove

special events; reduce mechanical error/human error on tugs by 50% (excluding oil barges); 100% protected fuel tanks for cargo focus vessels)

• Rescue tug for Haro/Boundary, stationed in Sidney, BC

• Tug escort for oil barges throughout the study area east of Port Angeles (towed barges and ATBs)

• Hypothetical removal of the 125,000 deadweight ton restriction on tankers in Puget Sound (load tankers to full capacity and reduce tanker traffic to maintain same volume of inbound crude oil)

• Escort of outbound tankers from Westridge Marine Terminal to Buoy J (escorts will not be modeled as returning; tankers will be limited to escort speed)

Questions?

• http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/spills/oilmovement/index.html

• http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/spills/OilMovement/2014MRStudy.html