SDH AND PDH OVERVIEW

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION

USE OF MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

LOS

TYPES OF MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

STANDARD MULTIPLEXING HIERARCHIES

SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

PDH(Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)

WHAT IS SDH ?

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard for telecommunications transport formulated by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU), previously called the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT).

SDH is also defined for use on radio relay links, satellite links, and at electrical interfaces between equipment.

SDH was first introduced into the telecommunications network in 1992

SDH

SDH Rates

SDH is a transport hierarchy based on multiples of 155.52Mbit/s

The basic unit of SDH is STM-1:

STM-1 = 155.52 Mbit/sSTM-4 = 622.08 Mbit/sSTM-16 = 2588.32 Mbit/sSTM-64 = 9953.28 Mbit/s

Each rate is an exact multiple of the lower rate therefore the hierarchy is synchronous.

THE STM FRAME

PROCEDURE FOR SDH LINK

IF CABLE

OFC

SDH

MUX

SDH RACK

NOC receives the break then we conclude E1 is dumped

EUROPEAN STANDARDS

AMERICAN STANDARD

PDH

PDH EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURE FOR PDH LINK

PROBLEM WITH PDH