sdr for radar 090623

NATO RTO SET-136 (23-25.06.09.) - SM on "Software Defined Radar" 1www.sagax.hu

Software Defined Radio TechnologySoftware Defined Radio Technology

forfor Radar SystemsRadar SystemsDr. Bertalan EGEDDr. Bertalan EGED

Managing DirectorManaging Director

Sagax Communications, Ltd.Sagax Communications, Ltd.

Haller u. 11Haller u. 11--13. Budapest 1096 Hungary13. Budapest 1096 Hungarywww.sagax.huwww.sagax.hu

Analog- and digital hw Signal processing- and operating sw Equipment System


OutlineOutline•• RootsRoots

•• ModelingModeling

•• Implementation levelsImplementation levels

•• Analog frontAnalog front--end processingend processing

•• Domain conversionDomain conversion

•• Digital signal processingDigital signal processing

•• SCA operating environmentSCA operating environment

•• Related work in RTORelated work in RTO

•• Future trendsFuture trends

•• Conclusions and remarksConclusions and remarks


SINCGARS ESIPHAVE QUICK II

Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW)

DAMA 181/182/183/184

Link 16 (TADIL J)

HF ISB w/ALEHF SSB w/ALE

VHF ATC Data LinkVHF AM ATC

VHF AM/FM

STANAG 5066 (HF)STANAG 4529 (HF)

Link 4A (TADIL C)Link 11 (TADIL A)

Link 11B (TADIL B)

SATURN

BOWMAN

UHF AM/FM PSK

HF ATC Data Link

VHF AM ATC Extended

GPS/SASSMBFT/RFT

NIPRNETSIPRNET

NDL

Joint Network Management System (JNMS)

Soldier and M16A2

Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW)

Link 22 (NILE)

JTRS WNW Network Manager (JWNM)

TETRA

Roots of SDR conceptRoots of SDR concept

US DoD inventory of at least 25 to 30 different radio types: 750,000 radios in all, many nearing end of operational lifetime


Radio electronic devices Radio electronic devices modelingmodelingTraditional implementation

IF DownConversion

BasebandDown

Conversion

BasebandDemodulation

andProcessing

RF IF BB

Conversiontechnology

RFtechnology

DSPtechnology

GUItechnology

AnalogSignal

Processing

DigitalSignal

Processing

DomainConversionA/D or D/A

Software defined implementation


Different implementation levelsDifferent implementation levelsDigitalsignalhandling

DigitalBB

processing

DigitalIF

processing

DigitalRF

processing


Analog Analog frontfront--end end signal processingsignal processing

•• Frequency transformation of airFrequency transformation of air--band to the digitally band to the digitally processableprocessable frequency, bandwidth and levelfrequency, bandwidth and level

•• Performance merits:Performance merits:–– Noise/dynamic rangeNoise/dynamic range

–– Frequency bandwidthFrequency bandwidthand agility and agility

•• TypicalTypical technologies:technologies:–– Frequency generationFrequency generation

–– MixingMixing

–– FilteringFiltering–– Gain controlGain control

–– AmplificationAmplification


Typical analog frontTypical analog front--end architecturesend architectures

DigitalBB

generation

DigitalIF

generation

DigitalRF

generation


•• Conversion between the analog and digital representation Conversion between the analog and digital representation of the signalsof the signals

•• Performance merits:Performance merits:–– Input and instantaneous bandwidthInput and instantaneous bandwidth

–– Noise level and dynamic rangeNoise level and dynamic range

•• Possible technologiesPossible technologies–– FlashFlash

–– PipelinePipeline

–– FoldingFolding–– SigmaSigma--deltadelta

–– InterleavedInterleaved

Domain conversionDomain conversion


Analog to Digital converterAnalog to Digital converter’’ss evolution evolution

@2005@1990

100 MHz to 3 GHz @ 12 BITS

Close to Moore’s law: X2/2Y


Sampling clock jitter requirementsSampling clock jitter requirements

––––24

–––0.16 ps20

––0.12 ps1.21 ps18

–0.05 ps0.49 ps4.86 ps16

0.02 ps0.19 ps1.94 ps19.4 ps14

0.08 ps0.78 ps7.77 ps77.7 ps12

0.31 ps3.11 ps31.1 ps311 ps10

1.24 ps12.4 ps124 ps1.24 ns8

1 GHz100 MHz10 MHz1 MHz

Input frequencyADCres.

in bit


Improved dynamic range by ditheringImproved dynamic range by dithering


Digital signal processingDigital signal processing

•• FSIC (Function Specific Integrated Circuit)FSIC (Function Specific Integrated Circuit)–– Best in size and power consumptionBest in size and power consumption

–– Limited configurabilityLimited configurability

•• FPGA (FieldFPGA (Field--Programmable Gate Array)Programmable Gate Array)–– Could implement any hw with arbitrary changed configurationsCould implement any hw with arbitrary changed configurations

–– Slower and more expensiveSlower and more expensive

•• DSP (DDSP (Dedicatededicated Signal Processor)Signal Processor)–– Optimized architecture for typical processing tasksOptimized architecture for typical processing tasks

–– Limited data transfer capabilityLimited data transfer capability

•• GPP (General Porpuse Processor)GPP (General Porpuse Processor)–– The performance limited by its architectureThe performance limited by its architecture

–– The speed of execution overdrives architectural limitsThe speed of execution overdrives architectural limits


How these chips should be usedHow these chips should be used•• It is best to combine FSIC, FPGA, DSP and GPP It is best to combine FSIC, FPGA, DSP and GPP

taking advantage of each characteristicstaking advantage of each characteristics

Common Object Request Broker Architecture


JTRS SCA operating environmentJTRS SCA operating environment


SDR related work in RTOSDR related work in RTO

•• ISTIST--80 RTG80 RTG

•• Possible way for followPossible way for follow--up:up:–– SCA compliant SCA compliant (passive)(passive) radar radar (receiver)(receiver) waveform demonstratorwaveform demonstrator


•• OptoOpto--electric deviceselectric devices–– Optical sources have better Optical sources have better

jitter (jitter (=phase noise) performance=phase noise) performance–– Better frequency mixers and samplersBetter frequency mixers and samplersRX: 2RX: 2--18 GHz, 500MHz BW, 3dB NF, 147dBHz18 GHz, 500MHz BW, 3dB NF, 147dBHz2/3 2/3 DRDR

•• HighHigh--temperature superconductingtemperature superconducting–– One of the limits of highOne of the limits of high--level integration level integration

is the power dissipationis the power dissipation–– Handling heating problems leads to moreHandling heating problems leads to more

compact and effective devicescompact and effective devicesADC: 20 GHz sampling and 12 bit resolutionADC: 20 GHz sampling and 12 bit resolution

Future trendsFuture trends impact SDR technologyimpact SDR technology


ConclusionsConclusions and commentsand comments•• Software defined radio technology determines the Software defined radio technology determines the

development trends in radio electronic evolutiondevelopment trends in radio electronic evolution

•• Radar systems also will follow this general trendRadar systems also will follow this general trend

•• Some potential technology could be seen to ensure Some potential technology could be seen to ensure the base of developments in bandwidth and dynamic the base of developments in bandwidth and dynamic rangerange


References and readingsReferences and readings• R.C.Hiks „A Servey of Analog to Digital Converters for Radar aplication”, Radar 92.

International Conference, 12-13 Oct 1992, pp. 534 - 537• Kent H. Lundberg, „High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Converter Survey”,

http://web.mit.edu/klund/www/papers

• F. Boré, S. Bruel, M. Wingender „A 10-bit 2.2 Gsps ADC Operating Over First and Second Nyquist Zones”, ATMEL Application journal, Number 6, Winter 2006, pp. 43-48.www.atmel.com

• Analog Devices Application Note 501: Aperture Uncertainty and ADC System Performance ,www.analog.com

• Linear Technoligy Design Note 1013: Understanding the Effect of Clock Jitter on High Speed ADCs, www.linear.com

• R. H. Hosking, „Building SCA-compliant software-defined radios „„ DSP DSP DesignLineDesignLine , , September 27, 2006September 27, 2006, , www.dspdesignline.com

• MUKHANOV et al.: SUPERCONDUCTOR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 92, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2004, www.hypres.com

• www.ece.drexel.edu/CMLE/index.html

sdr for radar 090623

Technology

software defined radar

nato rto set

digital hw signal processing

digital converteranalog

processing rf

hf link

tadil c link

level performance merits