seasonal effects of indian ocean freshwater forcing in a ... · in a regional coupled model-barrier...
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Seasonal effects of Indian Ocean freshwater forcing in a regional coupled model
-Barrier Layers and Indian Monsoon-
Hyodae Seo, Shang-Ping XieRaghu Murtugudde, Markus Jochum, Art Miller
IPRC SymposiumJune 2, 2009
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Outline
• Background
River discharge ➜ Freshwater flux ➜ Barrier layers (BLs) ➜ Heat flux and SST ➜ Air-sea interactions ➜ Monsoon precipitation
• Tool
Regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model
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Introduction: BLs and temperature inversion
de Boyer Montegut et al. 2007
BLs decouple dynamics and thermodynamics of the ocean by acting as a barrier to sub-thermocline water to mixed layer.
Winter heat flux coolingSummer weak heat flux
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Introduction: BLs and temperature inversion
de Boyer Montegut et al. 2007
BLs decouple dynamics and thermodynamics of the ocean by acting as a barrier to sub-thermocline water to mixed layer.
Winter heat flux coolingSummer weak heat flux
![Page 5: Seasonal effects of Indian Ocean freshwater forcing in a ... · in a regional coupled model-Barrier Layers and Indian Monsoon- ... (>10 months) • BLs form during ... winter. •](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051803/5b0c11837f8b9a952f8b741f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction: BLs and temperature inversion
de Boyer Montegut et al. 2007
BLs decouple dynamics and thermodynamics of the ocean by acting as a barrier to sub-thermocline water to mixed layer.
Winter heat flux coolingSummer weak heat flux
![Page 6: Seasonal effects of Indian Ocean freshwater forcing in a ... · in a regional coupled model-Barrier Layers and Indian Monsoon- ... (>10 months) • BLs form during ... winter. •](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051803/5b0c11837f8b9a952f8b741f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Seasonal cycle of BLT
• Permanent feature persisting throughout the year (>10 months)
• BLs form during summer monsoon due to river discharge and rainfall
• Maximum in boreal winter.
• Expect more impacts of BLs during the winter time!
Mignot et al. 2007
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Regional coupled model
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Model and Experiment:Scripps Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) Model
• Higher model resolution in the ocean and atmosphere.
• Dynamical consistency with the NCEP Reanalysis forcing
• More complete and flexible coupling strategy
• Parallel architecture• State-of-the-art physics implemented in
RSM and ROMS
• Greater portability
NCEPRegional Spectral Model (RSM)
IC,BC: NCEP2
Regional Ocean
Modeling System (ROMS)
OCEANATMOS
Flux-SST
Coupler
BC: WOA05
SST
Flux
Sequential coupling
Seo, Miller and Roads, 2007
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Model and Experiment:Scripps Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) Model
• Higher model resolution in the ocean and atmosphere.
• Dynamical consistency with the NCEP Reanalysis forcing
• More complete and flexible coupling strategy
• Parallel architecture• State-of-the-art physics implemented in
RSM and ROMS
• Greater portability
NCEPRegional Spectral Model (RSM)
IC,BC: NCEP2
Regional Ocean
Modeling System (ROMS)
OCEANATMOS
Flux-SST
Coupler
BC: WOA05
SST
Flux
Sequential coupling
Seo, Miller and Roads, 2007
EXPs
SR SSS is restored to WOA05
NoSR No SSS restoring
• Resolution: 25 km ocean and atmosphere• Integration: 1993-2004• Coupling: Daily
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Simulated Salinity Fields
• In WOA05, the freshest water is found in BoB in both seasons.
• Too high salinity in NoSR
• SSS restoring removes error.
• So, we are adding a strong perturbations (>4 psu) in salinity fields.
!
JJA SSS DJF SSS
WOA05
NoSR-WOA05
SR-WOA05
SR-NoSR
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Seasonal cycle of BoB Salinity and Temperature
• Largest salinity signal found in July-October.
• Temperature only marginally increases in summer
• In winter, surface layer cools but the subsurface warms
➜ temperature inversion
SALT SR TEMP SR
TEMP SR-NoSRSALT SR-NoSR
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Surface heat fluxes
JJA SR-NoSR DJF SR-NoSR
Winter: surface heat flux cooling ➜ temperature inversion
Summer: Weak heat flux ➜ near-isothermal structure
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Model Validation
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!
JJA SST DJF SST JJA Rain/Wind DJF Rain/Wind
OBS
SR
SR-OBS
• Summer: Warm east/cold west. Weak upwelling in the Arabian Sea and cold bias in BoB.
• Monsoon rainfall is excessive in the western and northern IO.
• Winter: SST is lower over the whole basin, but the rainfall bias is less than in summer.
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Seasonal sensitivity of ocean and atmosphere to freshwater forcing
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• BLT increases ➜ MLD decreases
• BoB SST increases by 0.1-0.2°C.
• Amplitudes are not large 1) Isothermal structure, 2) Weak heat flux
• Equatorial changes in SSS/SST cause increases in rainfall➜ This is not directly related to river flux forcing
Summer response: SR-NoSRBLT MLD
SST Rain/Wind
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• BLT thickens substantially ➜ MLD shoals more than 25m (MLD in SR is ~5-25m)
• The entire northern Indian Ocean cools with significant change of SST by 1°C.
1) Max. BL and Min. ML2) Heat flux cooling
• Divergence atmospheric flows ➜ enhances precip. in the ITCZ.
Winter response: SR-NoSRBLT MLD
SST Rain/Wind
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Conclusion and Future Work
• A fully coupled high-resolution regional climate model is used to find that it is in the boreal winter that freshwater flux from river discharge is most influential to the atmosphere1) Max. BLT and Min. of MLD2) Wintertime heat flux cooling and the temperature inversion
• Summer precipitation is not sensitive to river discharge in BoB, (n.b.: But, it is sensitive to equatorial changes in SSS/SST)
1) Isothermal structure of the ocean 2) Weak total heat flux
• Future work 1) Treat the river discharge as a local forcing 2) Better tuning of model parameter to reduce mean model bias 3) Survey of BLs from coupled GCMs to detect robust sensitivity of monsoon
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Thanks!