Chapter 4

Chapter 4The Periodic Table of Elements

Sec.1INTRO. TO PERIODIC TABLE

What we’ll learn?

• Describe the history of the periodic table• Interpret an element key.• Explain how the periodic table is organized.• https://sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-table/

Vocabulary:

• Period• Group• Representative element• Transition element

Why is the Periodic Table important to me?

• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.

• You get to use it on every test.

• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.

Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …

• …was a mess!!!• No organization of

elements.• Imagine going to a grocery

store with no organization!!• Difficult to find information.• Chemistry didn’t make

sense.

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)(Father of the Table)

-1st version of PT -Russian Chemist-Arranged elements according atomic mass.-(15yrs) missing elements (gallium, scandium, germanium)

Moseley, Henry

• English Physicist• Arranged the PT according to atomic number.

The Current Periodic TableNow the elements are put in rows by increasing

ATOMIC NUMBER!!• The horizontal rows are called periods and are

labeled from 1 to 7.(properties change gradually)• The vertical columns are called groups are

labeled from 1 to 18.( similar physical & chemical properties)

Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!• Elements in the

same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!

• (Mendeleev did that on purpose.)

Why??• They have the same

number of valence electrons.

• They will form the same kinds of ions.

Families on the Periodic Table

• Columns are also grouped into families.

• Families may be one column, or several columns put together.

• Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)

ZONES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS Groups 1& 2 13- 18MetalsNon MetalsMetalloids

TRANSITION ELEMENTSGroups 3-12Metals

Inner transition elements:a. Lanthanide seriesb. Actinide series

ELEMENT KEY:

• A box in the periodic table where each element is represented.

• Contains: name of the elementAtomic no.Atomic massSymbolState of matter

SYMBOLS:

• 1, 2, or 3 letters (element)• Greek or Latin names

Scientist names Geographic LocationEx. Mendelevium Md Dmitry Mendeleev Lead PB Latin-Plumbum Thorium Th God of thunder- Thor