MicrowaveEngineering

Second Edition

R.S. Rao

Microwave Engineering R.S. Rao

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ISBN:978-81-203-5159-2

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Second Edition

This thoroughly revised and updated edition, while retaining the major contents of the previous edition, presents the latest information on the various aspects of microwave engineering. With improved organization and enriched contents, the book explores expanded and updated information on the basic principles, characteristics and applications of commonly used devices in the design of various microwave systems.

The book commences with a discussion on microwave basics, EM wave theory, transmission line theory, hollow pipe waveguides, microwave junctions and goes on to provide in-depth coverage of waveguide components, klystrons, magnetrons and TWTs. The book focuses on the solid-state devices and microwave measurements as well.

The book has an added advantage of exercise section involving essay type questions, exercise problems, fill in the blanks, match the following and multiple choice questions, designed to reinforce the students' understanding of the concepts. This tailor-made book is appropriate for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of electronics and communication engineering.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SECOND EDITION

q Two new chapters, namely, Klystrons, and Magnetrons and TWTs are incorporated into the book.

q Several sections like coaxial line analysis, microwave link analysis, microwave bench design, measurement of phase shift, measurement of dielectric constant, and network analyzers have been introduced into the book.

q Numerous questions and solved problems have been added to the exercise section of each chapter.

THE AUTHOR

R.S. RAO, Ph.D., is Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle. He received his B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering from College of Engineering, Andhra University, Waltair and M.E. in Microwave and Radar Engineering from College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad. He obtained Ph.D. in EM Field Theory from JNT University Kakinada, Kakinada. He has more than fifteen years of teaching experience and ten years of industrial experience. He is active member of several professional bodies, including Indian Society of Technical Education, Biomedical Society of India and Society of EMC Engineers (India).

Dr. Rao is also the author of Electromagnetic Waves and Transmission Lines, published by PHI Learning, and has also co-authored another book titled Antennas and Wave Propagation.

Microw

ave Engineering

Rao

Second Edition

MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

MICROWAVE ENGINEERINGSECOND EDITION

R. Srinivasa RaoProfessor

Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringMadanapalle Institute of Technology and Science

Angallu, MadanapalleAndhra Pradesh

Delhi-1100922016

MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, Second EditionR. Srinivasa Rao

© 2016 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN-978-81-203-5159-2

The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.

Second Printing (Second Edition) … … October, 2015

Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi-110092 and Printed by Mudrak, 30-A, Patparganj, Delhi-110091.

ToThe Lotus Feet of

LORD GAUTAMA, THE BUDDHA

The Symbol of

Sympathetic Joy and Compassionate Love

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................xvAcknowledgements .............................................................................................................................xvii

1. MICROWAVE BASICS 11.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................11.2 Salient Features ..............................................................................................................21.3 Circuit Modelling ...........................................................................................................31.4 Microwave Link .............................................................................................................4

1.4.1 Field Strength at Receiver .................................................................................71.4.2 Microwave Link Range ......................................................................................91.4.3 Wave Polarization .............................................................................................11

1.5 Major Applications ......................................................................................................131.6 Symbols and Units ......................................................................................................16

1.6.1 Units.....................................................................................................................171.6.2 Bandwidth ..........................................................................................................181.6.3 Logarithmic Units .............................................................................................19

Exercise Section ........................................................................................................................22Essay Type Questions ....................................................................................................22Exercise Problems ...........................................................................................................23Match the Following ......................................................................................................23Fill in the Blanks ............................................................................................................24Multiple Choice Questions.............................................................................................25

2. EM WAVE THEORY 272.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................272.2 Electron Motion in Fields ...........................................................................................29

2.2.1 Electrons under Normal Fields ......................................................................342.3 Maxwell’s Equations ...................................................................................................35

2.3.1 Equations in Integral Form .............................................................................362.3.2 Equations in Differential Form .......................................................................372.3.3 Equation of Continuity ....................................................................................38

2.4 Boundary Conditions ..................................................................................................39

vii

Contents

viii p Contents

2.5 Electromagnetic Properties of Media .......................................................................402.6 Poynting Theorem .......................................................................................................42

2.6.1 Poynting Theorem in Time Domain ...........................................................422.6.2 Complex Poynting Theorem .........................................................................43

2.7 Wave Equations ...........................................................................................................442.8 Electromagnetic Waves ...............................................................................................452.9 Uniform Plane Wave (UPW) .....................................................................................472.10 ReflectionandRefraction ...........................................................................................51

2.10.1 Perfect Conductor ...........................................................................................522.10.2 Perfect Dielectric .............................................................................................54

2.11 Lossy Media ..................................................................................................................652.11.1 Plane Waves in Good Conductor ................................................................652.11.2 Plane Waves in Poor Conductors ...............................................................652.11.3 Plane Waves in Lossy Dielectrics ................................................................662.11.4 Skin Depth and Surface Impedance ...........................................................662.11.5 Power Loss in Plane Conductor ..................................................................69

2.12 Guided Waves ..............................................................................................................702.12.1 Fields between Parallel Plates ......................................................................712.12.2 Transverse Magnetic Wave ...........................................................................732.12.3 Transverse Electric Wave ..............................................................................742.12.4 Filter Characteristics .......................................................................................752.12.5 Modal Propagation .........................................................................................772.12.6 Phase and Group Velocities .........................................................................77

2.13 Planar Transmission Lines .........................................................................................792.13.1 Microstrip Lines ..............................................................................................812.13.2 Shielded Strip Lines .......................................................................................842.13.3 Coplanar Strip Lines ......................................................................................852.13.4 Parallel Strip Lines .........................................................................................86

Formulae Boxes ........................................................................................................................88Exercise Section ........................................................................................................................90

Essay Type Questions ....................................................................................................90Exercise Problems ...........................................................................................................91Match the Following ......................................................................................................92Fill in the Blanks ............................................................................................................95Multiple Choice Questions.............................................................................................97

3. TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 1063.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................1063.2 Categories ....................................................................................................................1073.3 Terminology ................................................................................................................1083.4 Equivalent Circuits ....................................................................................................1093.5 Primary Constants of Coaxial .................................................................................1103.6 Losses in Lines ...........................................................................................................1143.7 Secondary Constants .................................................................................................114

3.7.1 At Microwave Frequencies ............................................................................116

Contents p ix

3.8 Analysis of Uniform Line ........................................................................................1203.8.1 Time Domain ...................................................................................................1203.8.2 Frequency Domain ..........................................................................................121

3.9 Line Impedance ..........................................................................................................1263.10 Input Impedance ........................................................................................................1273.11 Measurement of Secondary Constants ..................................................................1343.12 Line Sections ...............................................................................................................1353.13 ReflectionCoefficient .................................................................................................1383.14 Standing Waves ..........................................................................................................149

3.14.1 Analysis ..........................................................................................................1513.14.2 Observations ..................................................................................................151

3.15 Nature of Waves over Lines....................................................................................1523.16 Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) ....................................................................................1543.17 ReflectionLosses ........................................................................................................1563.18 Impedance Measurement .........................................................................................1583.19 Load Matching ...........................................................................................................162

3.19.1 Quarter-Wave Transformer (QWT) ...........................................................1633.19.2 Single Stub Matching ...................................................................................1643.19.3 Double Stub Matching .................................................................................169

3.20 Smith Chart .................................................................................................................1733.20.1 Theory .............................................................................................................1753.20.2 Single Stub Matching ...................................................................................1773.20.3 Double Stub Matching .................................................................................178

Formulae Boxes ......................................................................................................................184Exercise Section ......................................................................................................................187

Essay Type Questions ..................................................................................................187Exercise Problems .........................................................................................................188Match the Following ....................................................................................................189Fill in the Blanks ..........................................................................................................192Multiple Choice Questions...........................................................................................194

4. HOLLOW PIPE WAVEGUIDES 2014.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................2014.2 Rectangular Waveguides ..........................................................................................203

4.2.1 Fields in RWGs ................................................................................................2034.2.2 Boundary Conditions .....................................................................................2074.2.3 Transverse Magnetic Waves .........................................................................2074.2.4 Transverse Electric Waves .............................................................................2094.2.5 Electric and Magnetic Flux Lines ................................................................2114.2.6 Filter Characteristics .......................................................................................2114.2.7 Modal Propagation .........................................................................................2144.2.8 Guide Dimensions and Modes ...................................................................2164.2.9 Bandwidth of RWGs ......................................................................................2174.2.10 Excitation of RWGs ........................................................................................219

4.3 Circular Waveguides .................................................................................................2254.3.1 Fields in CWGs ...............................................................................................225

Microwave Engineering

Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : 9788120351592 Author : RAO, R. S.

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