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Second ESC meeting in Toledo, SpainVOL. 1 • NO. 1 JANUARY 2002

Newsletter of theEUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

Message from the President:

Report from Lausanne

Josine Junger-Tas

When the European Society ofCriminology was founded just overone year ago, one of its objectiveswas to organize annual meetings.The first, on 6–8 September 2001 inLausanne, was more sucessful thanwe had hoped or anticipated.

Our expectation was that bySeptember the ESC would haveabout 200 members, and about thesame number would attend theconference. However, there were 351 participants, practi-cally all of whom are ESC members now, resulting in5 plenaries with 13 presentations, 55 panels, and a total of227 papers.

Participants came from Austria, Belgium, Canada,Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Nether-lands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the UK, and the US.The table on page 8 shows the countries represented andthe number of attendees from each.

The president of the American Society of Criminology,Ronald Huff, was present, as was the president of theBritish Society of Criminology, Keith Bottomley. There

Continued on page 8

Professor Norval Morris, longtime professor of crimi-nology at the University of Chicago, has been internation-ally active throughout his career. He was foundingdirector of the Department of Criminology, University ofMelbourne, founding director of the United Nations Asiaand Far East Institute for the Treatment of Offenders, andchair of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment inCeylon, as Sri Lanka was then called. He spoke at the firstmeeting of the European Society of Criminology.

by Norval Morris

It was a tribute to the tolerance of the European Societyof Criminology to have invited to speak at its inauguralbanquet a criminologist from a country that now imprisonstwo million of its citizens; has just under six millionpersons under control of the federal and state criminal

Values in Criminology

Continued on page 10

INSIDE THIS ISSUE:

December board meeting ................................. page 2

Call for nominations ........................................ page 2

ESC Journal call for papers ............................. page 3

2002 meeting in Toledo ................................... page 4

Student paper award ........................................ page 9

The European Society of Criminol-ogy will hold its second annual meetingin Toledo, Spain on September 5–7,2002. Its theme: “European Criminol-ogy: Sharing Borders, Sharing aDiscipline.” Cristina Rechea Alberolaof the Institute of Criminology, Facultyof Law, University of Castilla-LaMancha is the conference organiser.Rosemary Barberet of the University ofLeicester, UK, is the programme chair.

Inside is more detailed informationon the conference, including registra-tion fees and contact information forprogramme chairs.

Toledo is a beautiful, ancient citythat continues to incorporate elementsof Islamic, Christian, and Jewish

traditions. It is also the city in whichEl Greco settled and painted many ofhis most famous works. Conferenceparticipants may wish to allow acouple of extra days for exploring thesurrounding area. Toledo is an easybus or train ride from Madrid with itswealth of art galleries, pleasantsquares, and lively tapas bar and cafescene.

For a taste of traditional Spain, thepicturesque cities of Segovia, Avila,Chinchon, and Cuenca are all easilyaccessible from Madrid. The food andwine of Spain are, of course, legend-ary and you could do worse thancombine a stimulating couple of daysexploring the frontiers of European

criminology with a short holidayexploring one of Europe’s mostdiverse and beautiful countries.

September in Spain in general, andToledo in particular, is typically hot;that month is still considered to bepart of the Spanish tourist season.Consequently, though the conferenceorganisers can provide information onhotels and have arranged sufficienthotel space, participants are stronglyadvised to reserve rooms before theend of May 2002.

The second meeting of the Euro-pean Society of Criminology promisesto be an even greater success than thefirst. We look forward to seeing youall there. ■

EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGYPAGE 2 ● JANUARY 2002

Call for Nominations—

President-Elect, andBoard Member-at-Large

Nominations for ESC President-Elect and one at-largemembership (one-year term) on the ESC Board should bemade by the close of business 15 April 2002 to JosineJunger-Tas at the address below. Both will join the boardimmediately after the Toledo meeting and the President-Elect will assume office as President for one year at the2003 meeting. Nominations must be supported by thesignatures of at least 10 registered members and writtenconfirmation by the nominee of willingness to serve.

Mail to arrive no later than 15 April 2002:Josine Junger-Tas,

Parsifalstraat 9, 2555 WG The Hague, The Netherlands.

by David J. Smith

The board began detailed planningfor the next annual meeting in Toledo.As a guide to planning, we reflectedon what could be learned from thefirst meeting in Lausanne. About350 people had attended that meeting.Although they came from a range ofcountries, northern and western Europewere heavily over-represented, andattendance from southern and easternEurope was relatively sparse. Animportant objective for the future is toincrease participation from the southand east.

The financial outcome from theLausanne conference was good, witha modest surplus, but expenses willneed to be carefully controlled infuture. The board decided that infuture no fees or expenses will be paidto plenary speakers. We also decidedthat our first objective at presentshould be to nurture the developmentof criminology within Europe. Thatwill be reflected in the choice ofplenary speakers for Toledo andbeyond.

Unstructured feedback from the

December board meetingLausanne meeting suggested greatenthusiasm and intensity of discus-sion, and a wide range of researchactivity. The timetable had been toocrowded, with too few breaks, and notime for lunch. Control by chairs ofparallel sessions had often lapsed, sothat presenters coming last receivedshort measure. There had been toofew women presenting in plenarysessions, and too few members ofminority groups participating at all.

The board is trying to address allof these matters in planning theToledo meeting. For example, clearinstructions will be sent well before-hand to chairs of all sessions.

The board agreed to a conferencetimetable for Toledo, which providesfor four plenary sessions (each withtwo speakers), nine parallel panelsessions, and one poster session. Tenrooms will be available for theparallel sessions, so that a maximumof 360 papers can be given (at fourper session). This allows room forexpansion compared with theprogramme in Lausanne.

The poster session is an opportu-

VOL. 1, NO. 1JANUARY 2002

The ESC Newsletter is publishedquarterly by the European Societyof Criminology. Comments,criticisms, and suggestions forimprovements are welcomed.The editorial office is located at:Institute of CriminologyCambridge University7 West RoadCambridge CB3 9DT, UKTel: 44 1223 335369Fax: 44 1223 335356Email: [email protected]

◆

President—Josine Junger-TasPresident-Elect—Paul WilesTreasurer—Martin KilliasBoard Member—Sebastian RochéJournal Editor—David J. SmithNewsletter Editor—Michael Tonry

◆

Communications should beaddressed as follows:

To the president:Josine Junger-TasParsifalstraat 92555 WGThe HagueTHE NETHERLANDSTel: 31 70 325 9362Email: [email protected]

To the business office:Martin KilliasUniversity of LausanneSchool of CriminologyBFSH-1CH-1015 LausanneSWITZERLANDTel: 41 2169 24640Fax: 41 2169 24605Email: [email protected]

Concerning the2002 meeting:Rosemary BarberetScarman Centre154 Upper New WalkLeicester LE1 7QA, UKTel: 44 116 252 5767Fax: 44 116 252 5766Email: [email protected]

Continued on page 7

ESC membership and conferenceregistration form—page 12.

EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY JANUARY 2002 ● PAGE 3

The European Society ofCriminology is founding a refereedacademic journal, the EuropeanJournal of Criminology, to bepublished by Sage. The first twoissues will appear in 2003, followedby four issues a year from 2004.Authors are invited to submit papersto the editor at the address below.

Priority will be given to paperspresenting findings about Euro-pean countries, or discussingissues relevant to these countries.Europe should be taken to includeall countries in the wider Europe,and not just the European Union.Papers discussing findings fromoutside Europe are not excluded,provided that there is a link withEuropean concerns.

Priority will be given to papersusing sound social sciencemethods to tackle criminologicalissues. The interpretation given tosound social science methods willbe broad but rigorous. Paperspresenting legal or theoreticalanalyses of criminological issueswill also be considered.

Many or most papers consid-ered for publication will be

European Journal of CriminologyCALL FOR PAPERS

relevant to policy issues. However,papers that only describe policydevelopments do not fall within thescope of the journal.

Papers will be published inEnglish. The length normallyallowed is up to 10,000 words. Inexceptional cases, papers up to15,000 words may be accepted.

Each issue of the journal willinclude a “country survey,” that is areview of recent publications anddevelopments in a selected Europeancountry (or in some cases, a group ofcountries). The editor would bepleased to hear from persons who areinterested in the possibility ofcarrying out one of these surveys.

Inquiries or expressions ofinterest should be sent by email to<[email protected]>.

Papers should be sent (as hardcopies) to the address below, andmarked European Journal ofCriminology on the envelope:

David J. SmithSchool of LawUniversity of EdinburghOld College, South BridgeEdinburgh EH3 6NPUK

Toledo is both capital of theprovince with the same name, as

well as capital of the AutonomousCommunity called Castilla-La Mancha.It is located 70 km (43 miles) south ofMadrid on the Autovía N-401.

Although the city is small, it is aleading political, economic and socialcentre, oriented primarily towards theproduction of its characteristic craftsand the promotion and care of itsgreat historical, artistic, and culturalheritage.

With the exception of the moun-tains along the southern fringe, theprovince, one of the largest in Spain,is a land of flat terrain devotedprimarily to agriculture, livestock andlight industry. Erected on a small hill,Toledo has a typical continentalclimate, cold in winter and hot insummer, although slightly temperedby the presence of the Tajo Riverflowing around its historic centre.

In December 1987, UNESCOdeclared Toledo a World Heritage cityin recognition of its uniqueness, as it isalmost impossible to walk its streetswithout coming across an ancientmosque, a Gothic or Mudéjar church, aRomanesque or Visigothic structure, asynagogue, or a Renaissance palace.

Toledo is known as “The City of theThree Cultures,” which refers to theChristian, Islamic, and Hebrew culturesthat coexisted for centuries within itswalls. This almost brotherly union oftraditions can best be seen in thearchitecture, where the customaryartistic styles of each one are interwo-ven, exchanging influences andforming hybrids with their ownpersonalities. The Mudéjar style, amixture of Islamic and Christian styles,predominates in the city, combiningprincipally Romanesque structures andtypical Islamic elements.

Rome conquered a stronghold ofvillages in 190 B.C. and gave it thename of Toletum. A very importanttown developed while Christianitytook hold around the first century,remaining until the present day andmaintaining, for better or worse, theGreco-Latin cultural legacy.

In the year 569, after the fall of theRoman Empire at the hands of peoplesfrom the North of Europe, Leovigildo,

King of the Visigoths, established hiscourt in Toledo. In 589, it became thepolitical and religious capital ofHispania, after the abandonment ofArianism and conversion to Catholi-cism by the Visigothic king Recaredo.Although dating from older times, theJewish presence was not pronounceduntil 712, the year in which the Moorsconquered the city.

The Moors occupied Toledo for373 years, a relatively short period,but their influence was enormous. In1085, when Alfonso VI took the citywalls with no bloodshed, many of theMuslim inhabitants decided to staywith the Christians and Jews. Theharmony between the three culturesbore fruit as notable as the School ofTranslators of Toledo, renowned forhaving recaptured part of classical

A little about Toledo, Spainculture from various Arab documents.The Islamic legacy faded with time,and the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinandand Isabella, expelled the Jews in the15th century. However, the culturalmix in the city had been determinedand can still be felt today. With thecrowning of Charles V in 1519,Toledo became the most importantcity in the world, known as theImperial Capital.

In 1561, Philip II moved thecourt to Madrid, initiating a period ofpolitical decline, but fortunately it hadno effect on religious, artistic orcultural aspects. It was right at thistime when Domenico Theotocopoulos,El Greco, the extraordinary painterborn in Crete, settled in the city andpainted the majority of his universallyacclaimed works of art. ■


See membership/conference registration form on page 12.

EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

Conference 2002 • Toledo, Spain, September 5–7, 2002Call for Papers

Theme:European Criminology: Sharing Borders, Sharing a Discipline

The ESC is pleased to announce its call for papers for the second annualconference to be held in Toledo, Spain from September 5–7, 2002.

The European Society of Criminology was founded in 2000 with the following aims:

• To bring together in Europe persons activelyengaged in research, teaching, or practice inthe field of criminology;

• To foster criminological scholarship, research,education, and training;

ESC President: Conference Organiser: Programme Chair:Josine Junger-Tas Cristina Rechea Alberola Rosemary BarberetUniversity of Leiden Unidad de Criminología Scarman CentreMeijersinstitute Facultad de Derecho University of LeicesterParsifalstraat 9 Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 154 Upper New Walk2555 WG Den Haag 02071 Albacete, SPAIN Leicester LE1 7QA, UKTHE NETHERLANDS Tel.: 34 967 59 92 00, Ext. 2139 Tel.: 44 116 252 5767Fax: 31 70 325 9362 Fax: 34 967 59 92 16 Fax: 44 116 252 5766Email: <[email protected]> Email: <[email protected]> Email: <[email protected]>

Conference website: <http://www.esc-eurocrim.org/index.html>

• To encourage scholarly, scientific, and practicalexchange and cooperation among criminologists inEurope and elsewhere; and

• To serve as a forum for the dissemination ofcriminological knowledge at the European level.

Procedures:1. Submission of abstracts

You are welcome to submit an abstract for a panelsession presentation, an entire panel session (no morethan four papers), or a poster presentation. Posterpresentations will take place on the afternoon ofSeptember 5, 2002. Panel sessions will be scheduledthroughout the three days of the conference; therefore,participants should plan on attending the entireconference. Only two presentations per person arepermitted. Presentations should deal with the results ofrecently completed or ongoing research, includingpolicy analysis.

For panel sessions, please send a 100-word abstractfor each presentation to the appropriate theme chairlisted below, either by post, fax or email to arrive byMay 2, 2002. Your abstract should be accompanied byyour personal details: name, affiliation, full address,telephone, fax and email. You will receive confirmationof the receipt of your abstract from the theme chair. Ifyou are in doubt as to whom to send your abstract,please send it to the programme chair, RosemaryBarberet (contact details listed above).

For poster sessions, please send your abstract anddetails directly to Rosemary Barberet (contact detailslisted above).

2. Conference registrationAll presenters will receive confirmation and a

conference registration mailing before June 1, 2002,and must register for the conference by July 1, 2002.A registration form is provided on page 12.

Registration fees: Before AfterJuly 1, 2002 July 1, 2002

Non ESC members 150 Euros 200 EurosNon ESC members (students) 100 Euros 150 EurosESC members 100 Euros 150 EurosESC members (students) 60 Euros 100 Euros

If paying by cheque, please add 10 Euros to thetotal. The fee for the conference includes a welcomingreception on the evening of September 4, all coffeebreaks, a banquet, and conference documentation.

Continued on next page


3. ESC MembershipESC conference participants may wish to consider

joining the ESC since a discount is available to ESCmembers as specified above in “registration fees.”

4. Hotel ReservationsAlthough arrangements have been made for

sufficient hotel rooms in Toledo, conferenceparticipants will need to reserve their rooms before theend of May 2002. Toledo is a popular city for tourists,September is still prime tourist season, and hotel

availability in the city centre is especially prized.Information regarding hotel reservations will beavailable on the ESC web site.

5. Participants from EU Applicant StatesAn application has been made to the EU for travel,

accommodation and meal grants for participants fromEU applicant states.

Please contact Cristina Rechea Alberola, ConferenceOrganiser at <[email protected]> to be keptinformed about this possibility.

Crime Trends and Marcelo F. AebiCross-National Instituto Andaluz InteruniversitarioComparisons de Criminología

Universidad de SevillaFacultad de Informática y EstadísticaAvda. Reina Mercedes s/n41012 Sevilla, SPAINTel.: 34 954 55 13 96Fax: 34 954 55 13 97E-mail: <[email protected]>

Theory Maria Angeles LuengoDevelopment Facultad de Psicologíaon Causes of Departamento de PsicologíaCrime Clinica y Psicobiología

Universidad de Santiago deCompostela

Campus Universitario Sur15782 Santiago de CompostelaSPAINTel.: 34 981 653100, Ext. 13734Fax: 34 981521581Email: <[email protected]>

Developmental Michel BornApproaches in Ecole de Criminologie,Criminology Faculté de Psychologie

Université de Liège,B33 Sart TilmanB4000 Liège, BELGIUMTel.: 32 43662271Fax: 32 43662988Email: <[email protected]>

Communities Uberto Gattiand Crime Section of Criminology and

Forensic PsychiatryUniversity of Genoa, Via De Toni 1216132 Genoa, ITALYTel.: 39 010 3537892Fax: 39 010 3537578Email: <[email protected]>

Programme Themes for Panel Sessions

Historical Thomas GillyCriminology 61 rue du Faubourg St. Martin

75010 Paris, FRANCETel.: 33 1 42067136Fax: 33 1 44072304Email: <[email protected]>

Political Beata GruszczynskaTransitions and Warsaw University (IPSiR,Crime Department of Criminology)

ul. Podchorazych 2000-721 Warsaw, POLANDTel.: (48-22) 55 30 712Fax: (48-22) 55 30 753Email: <[email protected]>

Research Andromachi TseloniMethods in Department of SociologyCriminology Aegean University

Limnou 1 & ArchipelagousMytilini 81 100, GREECETel.: 30 251 36517Fax: 30 251 36599E-mail: <[email protected]>

Corruption, Sabrina AdamoliOrganized Crime, TRANSCRIME, University of Trentoand White Collar Via Inama 5Crime 38100 Trento, ITALY

Tel.: 39 0461-882304Fax: 39 0461-882303Email: <[email protected]>

Violent Crime Juan MedinaDepartment of Social Policy and

Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterWilliamson Building, Oxford RoadManchester M19 9PL, UKTel.: 44 161 275 4726Fax: 44 161 275 4724Email: <[email protected]>

THEME CHAIR

A.Current Trends in Theory and Research

THEME CHAIR


See membership/conference registration form on page 12.


Treatment Santiago Redondo IllescasMethods of Departamento de PersonalidadCriminal Evaluación y TratamientoBehaviour Psicológicos

Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de BarcelonaPasseig de la Vall d’Hebron, 17108035 Barcelona, SPAINTel.: 34 93 312 51 09Fax: 34 93 402 13 62Email: <[email protected]>

The Politics of Elena LarrauriPunishment and Facultad de DerechoSentencing Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona

08193 BellaterraBarcelona, SPAINTel. 34 93 581 22 36

or 34 93 581 22 47Fax: 34 93 581 2988Email: <[email protected]>

Economics of Amor Díez-TicioCrime Dpto. De Estructura e Historia

Económica y Economía PúblicaFacultad de DerechoUniversidad de ZaragozaCalle Pedro Cerbuna, 1250009 Zaragoza, SPAINTel.: 34 976 761446Fax: 34 976 761499Email: <[email protected]>

Gender and Loraine GelsthorpeCrime Institute of Criminology

University of Cambridge7 West RoadCambridge, CB3 9DT, UKTel.: 44 1223 335377Fax: 44 1223 335356Email: <[email protected]>

Race, Ethnicity, Ruth Chigwada Baileyand Crime 98 Aldridge Avenue

Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 IDDUKTel.: 44 20 820 49587Fax: 44 20 8204 9587Email: <[email protected]>

Juvenile Crime Britta KyvsgaardMinistry of JusticeSlotsholmsgade 10DK - 1216 Copenhagen K.DENMARKTel.: + 45 33 95 41 84Fax: + 45 33 93 35 10Email: <[email protected]>

THEME CHAIR THEME CHAIR

B. Research on Policy IssuesCrime and Michael TonryPublic Policy Institute of Criminology

University of Cambridge7 West RoadCambridge CB3 9DT, UKTel: 44 1223 335369Fax: 44 1223 335356Email: <[email protected]>

Crime Control Christina Zarafonitouand Prevention Department of Sociology

Panteion University136 Syngrou Avenue176 71 Athens, GREECETel.: 30 1 920 17 95Fax: 30 1 92 23 678Email: <[email protected]>

Drugs, Alcohol, Christine Wilkinsonand Crime Scarman Centre

University of Leicester154 Upper New WalkLeicester LE1 7QA, UKTel.: 44 116 252 5707Fax: 44 116 252 5788Email: <[email protected]>

Victimization Per Stangelandand Fear of Crime Universidad de Málaga

29071 Málaga, SPAINTel.: 34 952 13 23 33Fax: 34 952 13 22 42Email: <[email protected]>

Criminal and Vicente GarridoJuvenile Justice Instituto de Creatividad e

Innovaciones EducativasUniversidad de Valencia, Avda.Blasco Ibañez, 3246010 Valencia, SPAINTel.: 34 96 3864440Fax: 34 96 3864035Email: <[email protected]>

Policing and Svetlana StephensonSocial Justice DFID Consultancy on Access to

Justice and Human Rightsin Russia

37 Lower Dagnall StreetSt Albans Herts AL3 4PX, UKTel./Fax: 44 1727 811 256Email:<[email protected]>

Programme Themes for Panel Sessions, cont’d



Prosecution Michael Kilchlingand Courts Max Planck Institute for Foreign and

International Criminal LawDepartment of CriminologyGuenterstalstr. 73D-79100 Freiburg, GERMANYTel.: 49 761 7081 230Fax: 49 761 7081 294Email: <[email protected]>

Sentencing, Roy WalmsleyCorrections, Consultant to HEUNI and Associate ofand the International Centre forAlternatives to Prison StudiesIncarceration 7 Stables End, Orpington

Kent BR6 8PD, UKTel./Fax: 44 1689 811133Email: <[email protected]>

Education Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalvesand Training Instituto de Educação e Psicologia

Universidade do Minho4700 Braga, PORTUGALTel.: 351 253 604267Fax: 351 253 678987Email: <[email protected]>

Programme Themes, cont’dTHEME CHAIR

The European Society of Criminology islooking for one or more editors to compile abook of proceedings from the upcomingannual conference in Toledo, Spain inSeptember 2002.

The editor(s) will be responsible forrecruiting and selecting papers given at theconference, editing and supervising proof-reading of the papers, and supplying thepublisher with the final formatted document tobe typeset.

Interested persons should be ESC mem-bers, have English as their native languageor be comparably fluent, be planning toattend the conference in Toledo, and bewilling to commit to this task so as to producethe book in the first half of 2003. This taskcarries no financial remuneration.

Please send a current cv to: RosemaryBarberet at <[email protected]>for consideration at the next ESC boardmeeting in May 2002.

Call for Editor(s) forBook of Proceedings from theESC Toledo 2002 Conference

nity for scholars to present their workwithout giving an oral presentationin English. The board chose thefollowing themes for the plenarysessions: criminal justice experiments;the contributions of psychology andpsychiatry to criminology; transitionalproblems of crime and disorder; andviolence.

Plans were well advanced for thenew European Journal of Criminol-ogy. The editor reported that a draftagreement was under discussion withthe publisher, Sage, and wouldprobably be signed at the turn of theyear. Publication will start with twoissues in 2003, followed by fourissues in following years. (See the callfor papers, page 3.)

The editor proposed that each issueshould include a “country survey”reviewing publications and policydevelopments in a selected Europeancountry, and this proposal was agreedby the board. Detailed plans for the

Board meeting Continued from page 2

newsletter were also agreed.The board set up an interim

procedure for appointment of officersof the society. Currently the boardincludes the president, a treasurer(who is also past-president), apresident-elect, the two organisers ofthe annual meeting for the currentyear, the newletter editor, the journaleditor, and one other. It was inevitablethat when the society was founded theofficers could not be elected, but thegeneral assembly at Lausanne hadapproved the president-elect and otherboard members including the journaland newsletter editors.

The board agreed that the societyshould move as quickly as practicabletowards a system that would allowmembers to vote for candidates whohad emerged from a nominationprocess involving the membership. Afull-fledged system will be introducedwhen the society’s constitution isrevised in 2003.

In the meantime, the board agreedthat in 2002 members should elect apresident-elect to succeed Paul Wiles,that is, to occupy the presidency in2003–2004, and one other member ofthe board.

The election will take place inthree stages. First, members will beinvited to put forward nominations,which will have to be signed by thenominee and by ten other members.Members will vote via a postal ballot.The general assembly will confirm thevote at the conference in Toledo. Thegeneral assembly must take the finaldecision, as the postal ballot proce-dure is not written into the currentconstitution.

The board decided to make anannual award for the best paperpresented by a student at the confer-ence (see page 9). Students will beasked to submit papers in advance, sothat the presentation can be made atthe conference. ■

ESC membership and Toledo conference registration form—page 12.


was a sizable US representation,many of whom have had long-standing contacts with researchersin different European countries.

The spread and number ofcountries represented, and theunexpectedly high number ofparticipants, show how great theneed is for a European platform ofcriminology, allowing bothexperienced and young promisingresearchers to present their work.This will be one of the mainfunctions of the ESC conferencesfor the European researchcommunity.

The conference itself was quitesuccessful, in particular becausemany of us discovered colleaguesworking in neighboring countries,who were previously unknown tous and who presented quiteinteresting studies in similar fieldsas our own. Although the officiallanguage of the ESC is English, therewas room for presentations in otherlanguages. As a consequence, therewere some presentations in French, asthere will no doubt be some inSpanish next year in Toledo.

Conference chair Martin Killiastook great pains—as he alwaysdoes—to organize a great program ofevening events. These included asteamboat trip and dinner on LakeGeneva, and a banquet in the univer-sity restaurant, including a perfor-mance of some Schubert songs and aspeech by Norval Morris, recipient ofthe American Society ofCriminology’s Sutherland Award.Norval Morris gave an elegant andmoving talk, emphasizing his manyties to Europe and the importance ofinternational collaboration.

Of course there were errors andmistakes: abstracts got lost, panelswere wrongly placed, and there werelong queues of participants who hadnot pre-registered. In addition, theprogramme was too crowded and wehad not planned a lunch break: inEurope worse than a mistake, a crime!

There were also some criticisms, asthere should be: too few women andno members of ethnic minority groupsspeaking, and session chairs oftenfailed to control speaker schedules,

which disadvantaged the lastspeakers. We will try to take all thisinto account in planning the 2002meeting and make amends nextyear in Toledo.

Finally, I think this is the placeand moment to express, in the nameof the founders of the EuropeanSociety of Criminology, ourgratitude to the American Societyof Criminology, in particular to RonHuff and Chris Eskridge, for all thesupport and assistance they haveprovided to help us realize what wewanted to achieve. Launching anew and cross-European society isnot an easy thing to do and if wehave had a measure of success, thisis in part thanks to much enlighten-ing information and concrete helpthey provided.

ESC electionsIn the ESC’s second year of

existence we will completebuilding of the structure of thesociety and introduce someimportant procedures that willfacilitate increased participation ofmembers in its affairs.

An important issue is theelection of the executive board. Aswill be clear to anyone having triedto get a new organization off the

Countries represented at theESC Lausanne conference,

September 2001

United Kingdom ..... 90

Netherlands ... 44

Germany ....... 40

Italy ................ 26

United States ......... 23

Sweden ......... 18

Switzerland.... 16

Belgium ......... 15

France ........... 13

Spain ............. 11

Denmark.......... 8

Ukraine ............ 7

Finland ............ 6

Canada ........... 5

Norway ............ 4

Austria ............. 3

Poland ............. 3

Russia ............. 3

Croatia ............. 2

Hungary........... 2

Israel ............... 2

Japan .............. 2

Slovenia .......... 2

South Africa ............ 2

Greece ............ 1

Czech Republic ....... 1

Gambia............ 1

Ireland ............. 1

Message from the President Continued from page 1

ground, beginnings are difficultand one needs to have an enthusi-astic group willing to do the work.Such a group is generally self-selected, as was true in our case.

However, the time has come toreach out to the membership andfind more democratic ways to electofficers. The constitution, whichdeals with the subject, will bereviewed and may be amended in2003, so a fully-fledged systemmay be introduced only in 2003.

In the coming year (2002), therewill be the election of the presi-dent-elect and of one member ofthe board. Other officers such asthe treasurer and the editors of thenewsletter and the EuropeanJournal of Criminology wereelected in Lausanne for more thanone year in order to guaranteesome stability and continuity.

All members of the society areinvited to nominate candidates forthese two posts. A candidate should beproposed in writing by at least 10members and must confirm in writinghis or her willingness to be a candi-date. A postal ballot will be sent to allregistered members in May 2002. Theresults of the ballot will be presentedto the general assembly in Toledo inSeptember, and members will beinvited to confirm the election.

Working groupsFurthermore, on the request of a

number of members with specialinterests, the board is sympathetic tothe idea of creating working groups.These groups might organize sessionsat the annual conferences, organizemeetings between conferences, orstart comparative studies or projects.

However, it is essential that thegroups be defined by subject and notby discipline. The society welcomesparticipation of all social sciencedisciplines, but would not like to seegroups develop based purely ondiscipline, since that could divide thesociety and split it up into smalldiscipline-based sub-societies.

Members who want to start such aworking group are invited to make awritten statement of its purpose and



Eligibility Criteria➤ Authors should be graduate students enrolled at a

European university or institute of higher education.➤ The paper should treat a criminological topic and

should cover either empirical research or crimino-logical theory.

➤ The paper should not exceed 10,000 words,including tables, charts and bibliography.

Since papers will be evaluated anonymously,authors’names should be printed only on a coverpage.

➤ The paper should not have been published previ-ously nor have received any previous award.

➤ The paper should be written in English, althoughspelling and grammatical style will not be takeninto consideration when judging the paper’s quality.

➤ Papers must arrive by May 1, 2002. Six copiesshould be mailed to:

Martin Killias, Universite de LausanneIPSC – BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

➤ The committee may decide that there is no paper ofsufficient quality for a winner to be declared.

Quality criteria➤ The paper should treat methodological, theoretical,

or evaluative issues of broad interest to the crimino-logical community.

European Society of Criminology Student Paper Award

➤ Research papers should apply quantitative orqualitative techniques that are commonly adoptedby the research community. Innovative contributionsare welcomed.

➤ Theoretical papers should make an original contri-bution to existing theory or develop new theoreticalavenues.

➤ Papers may present evaluation studies of policyexperiments. Similar technical requirements applyto these as to other empirical research papers.

Procedures➤ A selection committee of five members will be

appointed by the president. The committee will bechaired by a European university professor. Mem-bers will include representives of different Europeancountries as well as the editor of the EuropeanJournal of Criminology.

➤ Papers will be divided among members in order tomake a first selection. Papers selected in the firstround will then be judged by all members. If there isnot a majority for one specific paper, the chair willhave the decisive vote.

➤ A certificate will be presented to the winner by thepresident during the conference banquet or at aplenary meeting. The winning paper will be pub-lished in the European Journal of Criminology.

operations and invite other membersto join. Space will be made availablein the newsletter.

Student paper awardFinally, we have established an

annual Student Paper Award (seemore information in the announce-ment below). The award will be givento the student or students who presentthe best paper at the coming confer-ence, and will be announced at thatconference. To be considered for theSeptember conference in Toledo,papers must be submitted by May 1,2002. The prize will be publication inthe European Journal of Criminology.

A special committee, appointed bythe president, will judge the quality ofthe papers. It is my hope that theaward will stimulate young Europeanresearchers to make an originalcontribution to the advancement ofcriminological theory or empiricalresearch on our continent.

This is the second year of ESC’sexistence. I want it to be a year of

both consolidation and new initiativesto make the society into a lively andinteracting community, which iscommitted to high scientific standardsin research as well as in theory.

I would also like us to find ways(this might be the subject of a specialworking group) to make known to thewider community, including

Quotation …The mood and temper of the public in regard to the treatment of crime

and criminals is one of the most unfailing tests of the civilization of anycountry. A calm and dispassionate recognition of th rights of the accusedagainst the State, and even of convicted criminals against the State, aconstant heart-searching by all charged with the duty of punishment, adesire and eagerness to rehabilitate in the world of industry all those whohave paid their dues in the hard coinage of punishment, tireless effortstowards the discovery of curative and regenerating processes, and anunfaltering faith that there is a treasure, if you can only find it, in theheart of every man—these are the symbols which in the treatment of crimeand criminals mark and measure the stored-up strength of a nation, andare the sign and proof of the living virtue in it.

Winston Churchill, July 1910

policymakers, what criminologicalfindings might offer them in terms ofimproving criminal justice policies.

Of course, I don’t have the illusionthat this will be realized in one year.However, let us make a start!

Josine Junger-TasPresident


“I have inflicted many speeches on

many people and have attended far

too many conferences and

conventions, but none, not one,

has given me the deep satisfaction

of this evening and this

conference. I see it as a harbinger

of knowledge and decency in an

area of human endeavor very

much in need of those qualities.”

justice systems; puts criminal offend-ers to death at the rate of two a week;and in punishing offenders selects aracial minority for particular oppres-sion. However, though thus puzzledby the invitation I was sensible of thehonor.

There is an extreme contrast in theUnited States betweencriminological knowledgeand the practices prevailingin catching, convicting, andpunishing criminals. Thisyawning gap between theoryand practice merits consider-ation and that is what Iwanted, briefly, to talk about.

I want, first, to reflect onthe astonishing growth incriminological studies andthe surging ranks of crimi-nologists since I first foundmyself concentrating oncriminology. And I want tomention one or two people inmy pantheon of criminologi-cal heroes.

In 1947, when I leftAustralia and started to study crimi-nology in England there were onlythree people in England who could bethought of as criminologists: MaxGrunhut, Hermann Mannheim, andLeon Radzinowicz. Grunhut was atOxford, Mannheim at The LondonSchool of Economics, andRadzinowicz at Cambridge. Thesethree were the great contribution thatfascism made to English criminology,driving the best European scholarsacross the English Channel.

There had, of course, been scholarsthroughout Europe from otherdisciplines since the eighteenthcentury, publishing seminal works inour field, but they saw themselvesprimarily as lawyers, or sociologists,or statisticians, or philosophers, orpsychiatrists, or political econo-mists—not as criminologists. Now, ahalf century later, a department orschool of criminology is an essentialcomponent of most every university.

Likewise with criminologicalassociations. One can trace the originof the American Society of Criminol-ogy back to a meeting of seven peoplein Berkeley, California, in 1941, but

their interests were confined to policeadministration and training, and it wasnot until 1946 that the AmericanSociety of Criminology was born. Itnow numbers nearly four thousandmembers, mostly in the United States,but also quite a few in Canada,Australia, and Western Europe.

In Europe the growth has beensimilarly luxuriant, but not until thismeeting has there been the promise ofa genuinely pan-European society ofcriminologists, and we were fortunateindeed to be at the birth of this newinitiative.

Why the half century delaybetween the United States and thiscontinent in establishing a profes-sional organisation? After all, as adiscipline, if it is an independentdiscipline, criminology had emergedin Europe in the eighteenth andnineteenth centuries. In the shadowand under the stimulus of that growthit took root in the United States earlyin the twentieth century. Yet theUnited States formed its professionalorganization in 1946 and here we aredoing just that in Europe more thanhalf a century later. It is as if one’sparents had earlier found no timesuitable for a marriage ceremony andwe are now rectifying the omissionfor them.

So, fellow criminologists, thebanns have been proclaimed, thewedding ceremony performed. TheEuropean Society of Criminology

now exists. Our private isolation isnow past. We are now a professionwith our very own professionalorganization.

Criminologists and criminologicalassociations have thus blossomed; butwhat of criminology? Has it similarlyflourished? That is a more challenging

question, given the gapbetween theory and practiceto which I referred.

Aldous Huxley oncesuggested that there are onlytwo entirely satisfactoryprofessions: medicine andastronomy. Medicinebecause you can easilypersuade yourself that youare doing good; astronomybecause you can be sure youare doing no harm. Howstands criminology on thatcontinuum?

A little of each I think. Wehave gradually minimizedthe pain that victims andcriminals suffer from thecriminal justice system,

though in that regard there stillremains a great deal to be done.

We often sail under the flag of“reform.” But that, too, gives mesome anxiety. Some years ago Ifound a nineteenth-century Englishquotation that captures my doubts.It goes: “Reform, Sir, Reform. Don’ttalk to me of Reform, things are badenough as it is!”

Nevertheless, I believe, we areincreasingly avoiding that result.Gradually we are influencing thepopulace and politicians to the meansof achieving a larger social peace.Though, again, there remains a greatdeal to be done, and you tend to domuch better on this side of theAtlantic than we do in the UnitedStates.

As you all know, conscience is thatinner voice that tells you somebodymay be watching. If so, repentance isthat powerful regret that you werecaught. I think that in punishmentdecisions we place too much empha-sis by far on expressions of repen-tance as a sign of likely reform.

All in all, our discipline of crimi-Continued on next page

Values in Criminology Continued from page 1


nology is flourishing. Our ideas areless frequently corrupted by populismto achieve socially injurious ends. Weare more frequently consulted bypolitical leadership, and our advice isoccasionally acted on.

It is deeply encouraging to thinkhow truly international are ourauspices and progenitors. Speaking ofmyself, I have been employed inmany countries and have thus had aninternational perspective forced uponme. As I thought about this society,and the pantheon of Europeanscholars who laid the foundations ofour discipline, I came to realize whata fine inheritance we have.

Indeed, I spent some time making alist of those criminologists to whom Ifeel intellectually indebted. It startedwith Beccaria and went on and on,winding from country to country andage to age. I shall not inflict it on you;make your own list. What emerged asparticularly important to me was thatnone on my list felt confined bynational boundaries.

I suspect that a similar eagerness toreach across national boundaries tostudy the practices of others and tolearn from their work characterizesmost everyone in this room.

We each have our own heroes.Mine are prison reformers whodemonstrated both a reformist zealand a precision of observation. Menlike John Howard and my personalidol Alexander Maconochie ofNorfolk Island (it never does any

harm to advertise an impendingbook). But the man I wish to bringparticularly to your attention here isAnton Chekhov. This story may bewell known to you. If so, I apologize,but just in case:

In 1890, Anton Chekhov, a medicaldoctor aged 40, and suffering fromtuberculosis which would soon killhim, and he probably knew it, was atthe height of his reputation, with TheCherry Orchard, The Three Sistersand his other writings praisedthroughout Europe. But he turned hisback on his European admirers andset out on the six-thousand-mile,two-and-a-half-months, cross-countryjourney from Moscow to the SakhalinIslands northeast of Siberia and northof Japan. Traveling by horse-drawncoach on ruts we would not recognizeas roads, stopping exhausted everynight at miserable inns, his was ajourney that not one of us wouldeasily tolerate.

Then, when he arrived in the penalcolony, which was then the mostremote gulag of the Tsar’s empire, hespent three months, sometimes workingnineteen hours in a day, meticulouslydescribing the daily lives of theprisoners and staff—not remonstrating,not exaggerating, not criticizingdirectly—just precisely describing withno rhetorical flourishes, no emotionalpleas, just the facts.

For example, he measured andrecorded the length of the chains withwhich on arrival at the penal colony

many prisoners were fastened to theirwheelbarrows–“married to thewheelbarrow” was the idea. Theprisoner worked with it by day, sleptbeside it by night, and it was a seriousimpediment to an escape attempt—though escaping back to civilizationfrom that distance was not a realisticpossibility. These, and many otherdetails, he then published on return toMoscow, traveling this time morecomfortably by boat and train, beforedying at the age of 44, his deathexpedited by his journey to theSakhalin Islands.

We do indeed have some greatpredecessors in our criminologicalpantheon.

Vocationally I have been a wan-derer: Employed by universities andgovernments in England, Australia,the United States, Ceylon (as it thenwas), Japan, South Africa, and theUnited Nations. In these wanderingsI have inflicted many speeches onmany people and have attended fartoo many conferences and conven-tions, but none, not one, has given methe deep satisfaction of this eveningand this conference. I see it as aharbinger of knowledge and decencyin an area of human endeavor verymuch in need of those qualities.

Our business is the diminutionof pain, for potential victims,victims, and criminals alike, and in avery uncertain world that is a suffi-ciently noble aim for me, and I hopefor you. ■


European Society of CriminologyMembership/Conference Registration

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