Second Semester Exam -- Answers

Early American History

Part of the Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool

1. During the War of 1812, the New England states:

a. fully supported the United States' war effort

*b. lent more money and sent more food to the British army than to the American army

c. supported neither the Americans or the British

d. allowed their militias to fight wherever the federal government requested

e. called Aaron Burr to help create a new confederacy

2. While serving as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall’s rulings helped ensure:

a. states' rights were protected

b. the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned

*c. the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government

d. both the Supreme Court and the president could rule a law unconstitutional

e. that the court would work closely with Democratic Republican presidents

3. The War of 1812 received the strongest support in America from:

a. practically all Americans

b. New England and the seaboard states

c. very few people

*d. the West and Southwest

e. Native Americans and free blacks

4. In the election of 1800, the presidency went to Jefferson as a result of a vote by the:

a. state legislatures

b. Electoral College

*c. House of Representatives

d. wealthy

e. Senate

5. The “Revolution of 1800” is significant because it:

a. weakened America’s democratic ideals

*b. marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties

c. ended Jefferson’s presidency

d. created a parliamentary system in America

e. weakened the power of the Federalists in the judiciary

6. Thomas Jefferson was selected president by the House of Representatives when:

a. John Adams withdrew from the race

b. Aaron Burr withdrew from the race

c. Jefferson agreed to appoint John Marshall to the Supreme Court

d. the Supreme Court issued a ruling in favor of Jefferson

*e. Hamilton urged several Federalists members of the House not to oppose him

7. Napoleon decided to sell Louisiana to the United States because he:

a. had suffered setbacks in Santo Domingo

b. hoped that the territory would one day help America to thwart the ambitions of the British

c. did not want to form an alliance with the British

d. needed money for his European wars

*e. all of the above

8. One of the main causes of the weakening of the Federalist Party was its:

*a. inability or unwillingness to appeal to the common people

b. attempt to change too quickly to suit the changing times

c. lack of past achievements

d. lack of political talent in leadership positions

e. close ties to Revolutionary France

9. Thomas Jefferson had serious reservations about his role in the Louisiana Purchase because:

a. the Federalists supported his action

*b. he believed that the purchase was unconstitutional

c. he thought it would not benefit the yeoman farmer

d. war with England might occur

e. he felt France was not receiving just compensation

10. The Jeffersonians opposed Adams’ midnight judges because:

a. the men appointed were not qualified to serve on the federal bench

b. they believed that the appointments were unconstitutional

c. they did not want a showdown with the Congress

*d. the appointment was an attempt by a defeated party to entrench itself in the government

e. they wanted to dismantle the federal court system

11. Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of:

a. travel across the isthmus of Panama

*b. an overland trail to the Pacific

c. settlement in the southern portion of the Louisiana territory

d. gaining Florida from the Spanish

e. all of the above

12. When the Jeffersonians gained power in Congress, they immediately repealed:

a. assumption of state debts

b. the charter of the National Bank

*c. the excise tax on whiskey

d. the funding of the national debt

e. the decision of Marbury v. Madison

13. Thomas Jefferson began to support a stronger navy when the:

*a. Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States

b. U.S. Marine Corps was established

c. "mosquito fleet" was defeated by the French during the Quasi-War

d. army was disbanded

e. War of 1812 began

14. Marbury v. Madison revolved around the issue of who had the right to:

a. commit the United States to entangling foreign alliances

b. impeach federal officers

*c. declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

d. impose excise taxes on residents of the western states

e. purchase foreign territory for the United States

15. To deal with British and French violations of America's neutrality, Thomas Jefferson:

a. declared war on Britain

b. recalled John Adams as ambassador to England

c. declared war on France

d. did nothing

*e. hastily enacted an embargo

16. Macon's Bill No. 2:

a. forbade American ships from leaving port

b. permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would stop trading with the other

*c. forbade American trade with Britain and France but promised to open trade with either country if it would cease its violations of American neutrality rights

d. repealed the Embargo Act of 1807

e. threatened war with all countries that did not respect freedom of the seas

17. The Battle of New Orleans:

a. was another example of American ineptness

b. forced the British to begin peace negotiations

*c. saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson's soldiers

d. prevented America from taking Canada

e. gained Spanish Florida for the United States

18. The outcome of the War of 1812 was:

a. a decisive victory for the United States

*b. a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States

c. an embarrassment for American diplomacy

d. a heavy blow to American manufacturing

e. a decisive loss for the United States

19. In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812:

a. was a disaster for the United States

*b. could be considered the Second War for American Independence

c. was considered a victory for Britain

d. resulted in the fall of the British government that concluded the conflict

e. led to a dramatic loss of European respect

20. The Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for:

*a. a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared

b. New England's secession from the Union

c. a separate peace treaty between New England and the British

d. the dissolution of the Federalist party

e. the dissolution of the Supreme Court

21. One of the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was:

a. a renewed commitment to states' rights

*b. a heightened spirit of nationalism

c. a resurgence of the Federalist party

d. an increased economic dependence on Europe

e. the creation of several small political parties

22. The War of 1812 was one of the worst-fought wars in American history for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:

*a. there was no militia to draw on to supplement the regular army

b. disunity was widespread

c. only a zealous minority supported the war

d. the army was scandalously inadequate

e. the American navy was outmatched by the British navy

23. The Hartford Convention resolutions:

*a. helped to cause the death of the Federalist party

b. resulted in the resurgence of states' rights

c. called for southern secession from the union

d. supported use of state militias against the British

24. America's Canadian campaign in the War of 1812 was:

a. noted by its brilliant military leadership

*b. a complete failure

c. marked by good coordination of a complicated strategy

d. supported unanimously by New England and Southern states

e. led by the best and brightest young leadership in the American military

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Part Two

1. The Monroe Doctrine was:

a. a striking new departure in American foreign policy.

b. quickly codified into international law.

c. a binding pledge on each subsequent presidential administration.

*d. an expression of deepening American isolationism from world affairs.

e. supported unanimously by all European powers.

2. The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history:

a. to be enacted.

b. that was intended to raise revenue.

*c. that aimed to protect American industry.

d. to impose customs duties on foreign imports.

e. to be defeated in the Senate.

3. When the House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment, the South thought that the amendment:

*a. would threaten the sectional balance by limiting slavery.

b. might keep alive the institution of slavery.

c. would slow the growth of the West.

d. would silence the abolitionists.

e. end the debate on the tariff.

4. Andrew Jackson's military accomplishments helped the United States' gain:

a. a favorable border with Canada from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains.

*b. possession of Florida.

c. joint fishing rights in Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland.

d. naval limitations on the Great Lakes.

e. the Oregon Territory.

5. Spain sold Florida to the United States because it:

a. wanted to help America to become a rival to Britain.

*b. could not defend the area and would lose it in any case.

c. received America's promise to give up claims to Oregon.

d. was pulling out of the Western Hemisphere.

e. wanted to prevent a renewal of the Franco-American alliance.

6. As a result of the Missouri Compromise:

a. there were more slave than free states in the Union.

b. slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-second parallel.

*c. slavery was banned north of Missouri’s southern border in the Louisiana Purchase territory.

d. Missouri was required to free its slaves when they reached full adulthood.

e. Maine was admitted as a slave state.

7. Henry Clay's call for federally funded internal improvements, including roads and canals, received wholehearted support from:

a. President Madison.

b. New England.

*c. the West.

d. Jeffersonian Republicans.

e. the South.

8. New England expressed concern about the American System's federally constructed roads because:

a. they cost too much.

b. the Democratic-Republicans favored them.

c. railroads were a superior means of transportation.

d. New England was historically in favor of strict construction.

*e. they would drain away needed population to the West.

9. Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay's American System because:

a. it favored only the South.

b. it would provide stiff competition to the Erie Canal.

*c. they believed that it was unconstitutional.

d. the Bonus Bill of 1817 made it unnecessary.

e. they sought to win votes in the West

10. The Missouri Compromise affected slavery in that it:

a. made the question moot.

b. delegated the decision to the Supreme Court.

*c. fueled the controversy.

d. ensured the inevitability of southern secession.

e. solved the question for the next sixty years.

11. All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise EXCEPT that:

a. extremists in both the North and South were not satisfied.

b. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state.

c. Maine entered the Union as a free state.

*d. sectionalism was reduced.

e. the sectional balance in the Senate was maintained.

12. At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was:

*a. incapable of being enforced by the United States.

b. greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South America.

c. universally acclaimed in Britain as a great act of statesmanship.

d. welcomed with relief by European powers who feared British power in the Western Hemisphere.

e. opposed by Monroe’s Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams.

13. John Marshall’s method of constitutional interpretation:

a. consistently deferred to the legislative branch.

b. supported "strict construction."

c. supported an unchanging document.

d. favored state control of interstate commerce.

*e. favored "loose construction."

14. The Rush-Bagot agreement:

a. required the Indians to relinquish vast areas of tribal lands north of the Ohio River.

b. ended all future disputes between the United States and Great Britain.

*c. limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes.

d. provided for Canadian independence from Great Britain.

e. allowed France a new, limited presence in Canada.

15. The Era of Good Feelings:

a. was marked by the absence of any serious political and economic disputes.

b. was noted for cooperation between the Democratic and Federalist parties.

*c. marked a temporary end to sectionalism.

d. was brought about by the election of 1824.

e. lasted for 30 years.

16. In Mc Culloch v. Maryland , Cohens v. Virginia , and Gibbons v. Ogden , Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of:

*a. states' rights.

b. judicial review.

c. federalism.

d. constitutionalism.

e. political parties.

17. John Marshall uttered his famous legal statement that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy" in:

a. Gibbons v. Ogden .

b. Fletcher v. Peck .

*c. Mc Culloch v. Maryland .

d. Dartmouth College v. Woodward .

e. Marbury v. Madison

18. John Marshall's rulings upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in:

a. Mc Culloch v. Maryland .

b. Marbury v. Madison .

c. Cohens v. Virginia .

*d. Fletcher v. Peck .

e. Gibbons v. Ogden .

19. Early-nineteenth-century Irish immigrants:

a. mostly settled on western farmlands.

*b. were mostly Roman Catholics.

c. were warmly welcomed by American workers.

d. identified and sympathized with American free blacks.

e. came with great wealth and the ability to invest in factories.

20. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized:

*a. the Whig Party.

b. the "Molly Maguires."

c. Tammany Hall.

d. National Republicans.

e. the American Party (the “Know-Nothings”).

21. The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed:

a. on southern plantations.

*b. with textile mills.

c. in rapidly growing western states.

d. with shipbuilding.

e. in the oil industry.

22. As a result Eli Whitney’s cotton gin:

*a. slavery expanded and became more profitable.

b. American industry bought more southern cotton than did British manufacturers.

c. a nationwide depression immediately followed.

d. the South diversified its economy.

e. slavery gradually shrunk as machines placed human workers.

23. German immigrants to the United States:

a. quickly became a powerful political force.

*b. left their homeland to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.

c. were as poor as the Irish.

d. contributed little to American life.

e. formed early labor unions with African Americans.

24. The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was:

a. Robert Fulton.

b. Samuel F.B. Morse.

c. Eli Whitney.

*d. Samuel Slater

e. Elias Howe

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Part Three

1. A main tenet of Jacksonian democracy was the belief that government should be:

a. highly centralized.

*b. in the hands of the common people.

c. confined to property owners.

d. left to the well educated.

e. recreated by revolution every twenty years.

2. Andrew Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill illustrates his:

a. strong nationalism.

*b. support of states' rights.

c. desire to win more western votes.

d. hostility toward southern interests.

e. complete disrespect for the legislative process.

3. The property qualification to vote became almost meaningless in the West because:

a. so few owned land.

b. new ways had been found to keep the common man from voting.

*c. land was so easily obtained.

d. so few on the frontier wanted to vote.

e. new voting restrictions took the place of property requirements.

4. The Hayne-Webster debate revolved around the issue of:

a. presidential veto power.

*b. state nullification of federal laws.

c. reform of the scandalous spoils system.

d. the morality of slavery.

e. sectional balance in the Senate.

5. Jacksonian democracy was based on the idea that the right to vote should be extended to:

a. all adults.

b. women and blacks.

c. only those who owned property.

*d. all adult white men.

e. Native Americans.

6. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when:

*a. no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.

b. William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race.

c. the House was forced to do so by "King Caucus."

d. the Supreme Court ordered them to do so.

e. the Tariff of Abominations split the electorate.

7. The intent of the spoils system was to:

a. press those with experience into governmental service.

b. make politics a hobby and not a full-time business.

*c. reward political supporters with public office.

d. build professionalism by establish a civil service system.

e. build professionalism by keeping bureaucrats in their positions longer.

8. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because:

a. it would expand the South’s manufacturing base.

*b. they believed that the federal power this bill represented could be used to suppress slavery.

c. it might hurt John Calhoun’s political career.

d. they feared it would lead to export taxes.

e. it significantly lowered duties on cotton.

9. The most important outcome of the Peggy Eaton affair was that it weakened the political relationship between Andrew Jackson and:

*a. John C. Calhoun.

b. Martin Van Buren.

c. his Kitchen Cabinet.

d. the Democratic-Republican party.

e. John Quincy Adams

10. John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" argued for:

a. secession.

b. protective tariffs.

c. majority rule.

*d. states' rights.

e. internal improvements.

11. The "nullification crisis" was caused by:

a. Jackson’s Indian removal policy.

b. internal improvements.

c. the Second Bank of the United States.

d. public land sales.

*e. federal tariff policy.

12. The strongest support for the Tariff of 1833 came from:

a. the South.

b. New England.

*c. the middle Atlantic states.

d. the West.

e. Native Americans.

13. Andrew Jackson responded to South Carolina’s nullification of the tariff by:

a. hanging several of the nullifiers.

*b. dispatching limited naval and military forces to the state while preparing a larger army.

c. asking John Quincy Adams to mediate the situation.

d. ignoring the issue, hoping the crisis would fade.

e. referring the issue to the Supreme Court.

14. Jackson decided to weaken the Second Bank of the United States after the 1832 election because of:

*a. his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter.

b. his desire to halt the rising inflation rate that the bank had created before 1832.

c. his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West.

d. his fear that the Supreme Court would rule it must be reinstated.

e. all of the above.

15. Henry Clay helped end the nullification crisis by working to get:

a. Andrew Jackson to use the court system to force compliance.

b. the federal army to crush all resistance.

c. Congress to use the provisions of the Force Bill.

*d. Congress to pass the compromise Tariff of 1833.

e. the Supreme Court to force Southern compliance.

16. White Americans applied all of the following measures as Indian policy, EXCEPT:

a. using the powers of the national and state governments to force their removal.

b. arguing that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society.

c. trying to acculturate them.

d. tricking them into ceding land to whites.

*e. recognizing the tribes as separate, independent nations.

17. Andrew Jackson supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states to the west because:

a. the Indians assimilated too easily into white society.

b. the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy.

*c. he wanted to avoid open conflict when white settlers would take their land.

d. Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands.

e. he was working in opposition to Congress.

18. Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on:

a. constitutional grounds exclusively.

b. advice from Henry Clay.

c. the Supreme Court's Mc Culloch v. Maryland decision.

*d. the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation.

e. advice from John Marhsall.

19. One of the positive effects the Bank of the United States had on the nation was:

a. its preference for loans to the West and the South, instead of the East.

b. its preservation of the public trust.

*c. its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant.

d. its issuance of depreciated paper money.

e. it issuance of the Specie Circular.

20. The Second Bank of the United States:

*a. was the depository of the funds of the national government.

b. irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes.

c. limited economic growth by extending public credit.

d. forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.

e. lost the support of Andrew Jackson only after the election of Van Buren.

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Part Four

1. One the most popular topics for painters in the Hudson River school of art was:

a. portraits.

*b. landscapes.

c. animal life.

d. daguerreotypes.

e. European settings.

2. The Second Great Awakening tended to:

*a. promote religious diversity.

b. limit social class differences.

c. sharpen regional differences.

d. discourage church membership.

e. promote racial integration.

3. Deist beliefs promoted all of the following EXCEPT:

*a. the concept of original sin.

b. an emphasis on reason rather than faith.

c. belief in a Supreme Creator.

d. belief in human beings' capacity for moral action.

e. a belief in the importance of nature.

4. Jefferson, Franklin, and other deists endorsed the concept of:

a. a literal interpretation of the Bible.

b. the depravity of humanity.

c. the deity of Christ.

*d. a Supreme Being who created the universe.

e. revelation.

5. "Civil Disobedience," an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., was written by the transcendentalist:

a. Edgar Allen Poe

b. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

c. Nathaniel Hawthorne.

*d. Henry David Thoreau.

e. William Cullen Bryant.

6. The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening were the:

a. Mennonites and Lutherans.

b. Unitarians and Adventists.

*c. Methodists and Baptists.

d. Congregationalists and Presbyterians.

e. Roman Catholics and Episcopalians.

7. By the 1850s, the reform movement that overshadowed women’s rights was:

a. the temperance movement.

b. the Oneida Community.

c. the Bloomer movement.

d. prison reform advocates.

*e. abolitionism.

8. Women became involved in the reform campaigns of the 1800s because these activities provided all of the following EXCEPT:

a. the opportunity to escape the confines of the home.

b. an entrance into the public arena.

*c. a means of finding a suitable husband.

d. a way to improve the world in which they lived.

e. a response to their religious convictions.

9. Reformer Dorothea Dix is most well known for her work in the field of:

*a. prison and asylum reform.

b. women’s suffrage.

c. temperance.

d. abolitionism.

e. the peace movement.

10. The cult of domesticity flourished in the 1800s because:

a. frontier life necessitated these distinctions.

b. men were regarded as morally superior beings.

c. it was the duty of men to teach the young how to be good, productive citizens.

*d. the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic roles.

e. the transcendentalist movement demanded it.

11. The Maine Law of 1851, sponsored by reformers like Neal Dow, called for:

a. mediation of international disputes.

b. a ban on war.

c. woman suffrage.

d. an end to capital punishment.

*e. a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

12. Noah Webster's dictionary:

a. had little impact until the twentieth century.

*b. helped to standardize the American language.

c. was used to educate nineteenth-century slaves.

d. came to the United States from Britain in the 1800s.

e. attempted to bring American English back to the way it was used in Britain.

13. Which of the following is NOT true of the Great Awakening?

a. It led to a large number of religious conversions.

b. It led to a wide variety of social reform.

c. It was a reaction against deism and other liberal movements in religion.

d. It was popular along the frontier.

*e. It was far smaller than the First Great Awakening.

14. In the West and South, which two denominations gained the most followers as the Second Great Awakening progressed?

a. Methodists and Baptists

b. Mennonites and Moravians

c. Congregationalists and Episcopalians

d. Unitarians and Lutherans

*e. Methodists and Baptists

15. The Second Great Awakening drew much of its religious vitality from:

a. the efficient organization of mainline churches in the East.

b. the support of the national government.

*c. the popular preaching of evangelical revivalist preachers.

d. foreign missionaries to the frontier.

e. the Unitarian movement.

16. Many evangelical preachers like Charles G. Finney taught that personal religious conversion would also lead to:

a. unity in American politics.

b. the building of large cathedrals throughout the Midwest.

c. the expansion of America across the continent in a movement called Manifest Destiny.

*d. reform of social ills such as slavery and the abuse of alcohol.

e. increased partnerships with the Roman Catholic church.

17. The “Burned-Over District” applied to:

*a. part of western New York that was the scene of several popular revivals.

b. the inner cities of the East where little reform took place.

c. areas dominated by Unitarians who were not moved by the Awakening.

d. the areas of the Utah Territory where Mormons settled.

e. areas of the West where slash and burn farming methods were employed.

18. The dispute over slavery within American churches led to:

a. a decision not to focus on political issues in churches.

*b. the split of several denominations, including Baptists and Presbyterians, into northern and southern branches.

c. a strong partnership between northern Protestant churches with Roman Catholics against slavery.

d. a Third Great Awakening.

e. the election of several strong anti-slavery Presidents.

19. The most controversial practice of the Mormons that aroused hostility was their:

a. attempt to use their religious power to lobby the national government.

b. movement westward away from more settled areas.

*c. practice of polygamy.

d. refusal to take a stand on the issue of slavery.

e. acceptance of Deism as the basis of their beliefs.

20. The primary goal of the American Colonization Society was to:

a. move Indians to western reservations.

b. take over Spain’s Latin American colonies.

c. settle the Oregon country.

d. send a missionary movement to Mormon settlements in Utah.

*e. send liberated slaves back to Africa.

21. The American writer credited with inventing the modern detective story and noted for his dark style is:

a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

b. Henry David Thoreau

*c. Edgar Allen Poe

d. Ralph Waldo Emerson

e. Margaret Fuller

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Part Five

1. Americans moved into Texas:

a. when invited by the Spanish government.

*b. after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin.

c. after Sam Houston's defeated of General Santa Anna.

d. to spread Protestant Christianity.

e. to escape the extension of slavery.

2. Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren delayed the annexation of Texas because:

a. Texans did not want to become part of the United States.

*b. antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery.

c. they were old political opponents of the Texas president, Sam Houston.

d. public opinion in the United States opposed annexation.

e. they were afraid of a war with Mexico.

3. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in the:

a. upper South states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee.

*b. Deep South states of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

c. old South states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina.

d. new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory.

e. eastern states of Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.

4. William Lloyd Garrison, through inflammatory speech and action, pledged his support of:

a. shipping freed blacks back to Africa.

b. outlawing the slave trade.

c. preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South.

*d. the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.

e. expanding slavery into the territories.

5. Southerners who argued for the extension of slavery after 1830:

*a. opposed much of the rest of the Western world.

b. opposed the North but were on the side of the Western world.

c. failed to compare slaves with the northern factory worker.

d. allowed considerable dissent in the South.

e. abandoned the idea of expanding slavery into the western territories.

6. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo included a provision that ordered:

a. Texas be returned to Mexico in exchange for the Southwest.

b. United States annexation of Texas.

c. the banning of slavery from all territory ceded to the United States.

d. a requirement that Mexico pay $3.25 million in damages to the United States.

*e. United States payment of $15 million for the cession of northern Mexico.

8. In the 1840s, the view that America had the God-given right to expand across the continent was called:

a. continentalism.

b. isolationism.

c. anglophobia.

*d. Manifest Destiny.

e. assimilation

9. One reason that the British government decided to compromise on the Oregon Country border was:

a. the support of the Hudson's Bay Company.

*b. the fear of war with the United States.

c. John Tyler's election to the presidency.

d. America's acceptance of Fifty-Four Forty as a border. .

e. America’s acceptance of a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.

10. The Wilmot Proviso:

*a. illustrated the controversy of slavery in the territories.

b. passed both Houses of Congress in 1846.

c. settled once and for all the issue of slavery in California.

d. allowed slavery in the Mexican Cession.

e. accepted the legality of slavery in Texas.

11. The Wilmot Proviso, introduced into Congress as a result of the Mexican-American War, declared that:

a. Mexican territory would not be annexed to the United States.

*b. slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States.

c. the United States should annex all of Mexico.

d. the United States should have to pay Mexico a settlement for having provoked the war.

e. Texas would be admitted to the Union as a free state.

12. Many free states passed personal liberty laws because of the section of the Compromise of 1850 that provided for:

*a. a strengthened fugitive slave law.

b. popular sovereignty in the territories.

c. the expansion of slavery into the District of Columbia.

d. California’s admission to the Union.

e. slavery above the Missouri Compromise line in the Louisiana Purchase.

13. The public liked popular sovereignty because it:

a. stopped the spread of slavery.

*b. fit in with the democratic tradition of self-determination.

c. provided a national solution to the problem of slavery.

d. supported the Wilmot Proviso.

e. called for the gradual emancipation of the slaves.

14. Stephen A. Douglas's proposed solution for the problem of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Bill required repeal of the:

a. Compromise of 1850.

*b. Missouri Compromise.

c. Wilmot Proviso.

d. Northwest Ordinance.

e. Compromise Tariff.

15. The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the following provisions EXCEPT:

*a. the mandatory return of escaped slaves from Canada.

b. denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves.

c. denial of fleeing slaves' right to testify on their own behalf.

d. the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape.

e. provision of financial rewards for those who returned escaped slaves.

16. Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin :

*a. intended to show the cruelty of slavery.

b. was prompted by passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

c. was based on a long-time personal witness to the evils of slavery.

d. remained unpopular for several years until the Civil War began.

e. had little impact on the debate over slavery.

17. John Brown’s raid convinced much of the South that:

a. the raid was an isolated incident of little importance.

*b. the North was dominated by Republicans who sought an immediate end to slavery.

c. Brown should be put in an insane asylum.

d. Brown had been attempting to defend his right to own slaves.

e. the United States military would protect their rights.

18. John Brown hoped his raid on Harpers Ferry would serve to:

a. begin the process of secession across the South.

b. discredit abolitionists.

c. force the North and South to compromise on the slavery issue.

d. make Kansas a free state.

*e. foment a slave rebellion.

19. Chief Justice Taney hoped the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott case would:

a. spark further debate on the slavery issue.

*b. resolve the issue of slavery in the territories.

c. endorse the concept of popular sovereignty.

d. reunite the Democratic party.

e. destroy the Whig Party as a political force.

20.Observe the map below.

Which of the areas was most impacted by the issue of popular sovereignty under the Compromise of 1850?

a. California

b. The District of Columbia.

c. The unorganized areas of the Louisiana Purchase.

d. The Oregon Territory

*e. The Utah and New Mexico Territories.

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Part Six

1. Abraham Lincoln’s opposition to the Crittenden Compromise was based on:

a. its support of the doctrine of popular sovereignty to be overridden once statehood was achieved.

*b. his opposition to the expansion of slavery in the territories.

c. his fear that its adoption might provoke Kentucky to leave the Union.

d. his belief he was bound by President Buchanan's earlier rejection of it.

e. his fear that it would bring European powers into the American conflict.

2. When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina:

*a. welcomed his victory because it gave them an excuse to secede.

b. were very upset because they would have to secede from the Union.

c. vowed to give their loyalty to Stephen Douglas.

d. none of the above.

e. installed Stephen Douglas as a Southern President.

3. Many European powers welcomed the Civil War because:

a. they could regain control of a divided America.

*b. war would weaken the United States' power in the Western Hemisphere.

c. war could end the concept of balance of power in the Americas.

d. such a conflict would halt the flow of blacks to Canada.

e. they could then take control of the slave trade.

4. A theoretical asset for the South that never materialized as the war progressed was:

a. use of its vastly superior railway system.

*b. intervention from Britain and France.

c. the fighting skill of Southern males.

d. its ability to fight on its own soil.

e. effective military leadership.

5. Britain failed to attempt to break the North’s blockade of the South because:

a. they feared a renewed war with France if they did.

b. they did not want to engage against the superior American navy.

c. the British upper class supported the North from the onset of fighting.

d. the war did not impact Britain’s economy.

*e. they feared losing Northern grain shipments.

6. The South expected British foreign aid because:

a. Britain had historically supported the notion of states’ rights.

*b. Britain’s textile industry relied on southern cotton.

c. Britain exported large numbers of slaves from the south.

d. the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom's Cabin to be sold in the empire.

e. the British people would demand such action.

7. During the Civil War, the United States and Britain were nearly provoked into war by:

a. Britain’s efforts to involve Mexico in the war.

b. Britain's refusal to observe the Union's blockade of Southern ports.

*c. the Trent affair, which involved the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship.

d. Napoleon III's interventions in Mexico.

e. the incompetence of Charles Francis Adams, the United States ambassador to London.

8. Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that:

a. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

*b. Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.

c. the fort's commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort.

d. Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops.

e. Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand militia troops to form a voluntary Union army.

9. Many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until:

a. the raid on Harper’s Ferry.

*b. shots were fired at Fort Sumter.

c. Stonewall Jackson was named to head the potential new nation.

d. South Carolina seceded from the United States.

e. Lincoln’s call for the abolition of slavery.

10. In order to keep the Border States in the North, President Lincoln:

a. relied solely on moral arguments.

b. used only constitutional methods.

*c. declared martial law where needed.

d. never had to use troops.

e. ended slavery in those states.

11. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy:

*a. grew and emerged more prosperous than ever before.

b. saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall.

c. experienced a sharp drop in profiteering.

d. greatly helped the unskilled worker.

e. instituted the 8-hour work day for all industrial workers.

12. Which of the following came about as a result of the Civil War?

a. expanded taxation powers for the national government

b. increased power for the federal courts

c. the creation of the first federal social welfare agency

d. a northern route for the transcontinental railroad

*e. all of the above

13. Consider the following political cartoon.

Which of the following statements best summarizes its message?

a. Andrew Johnson was an early conservationist.

b. Andrew Johnson worked closely with Congress in beginning a plan to rebuild the South.

*c. Andrew Johnson failed to protect the civil rights of recently freed slaves.

d. Andrew Johnson worked hard to get Congress to pass a civil rights bill.

e. Andrew Johnson attempted to stop the growth of the Ku Klux Klan.

14. The Emancipation Proclamation originally freed only slaves in:

a. the Border States.

b. slave states that remained loyal to the Union.

c. United States territories.

*d. states in rebellion against the United States.

e. Kansas and Nebraska.

15. The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of:

a. ending slavery immediately.

*b. strengthening the moral cause of the Union with European nations.

c. increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election.

d. quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies.

e. reducing desertions from the Union army.

16. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the:

a. Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

b. surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.

c. Emancipation Proclamation.

*d. Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

e. Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

17. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because:

a. it damaged the South’s plan for gaining control of the West.

b. foreign help for the Confederacy was much less likely.

c. it helped to quiet Northern calls for a peace settlement.

d. it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade.

*e. all of the above.

18. Lincoln’s vice-presidential partner in the 1864 election, Andrew Johnson, was a:

a. Whig.

b. Copperhead.

*c. War Democrat.

d. States’ Righter.

e. radical Republican.

19. Sherman’s march to the sea was marked by:

a. its brilliant use of cavalry forces.

b. its impact in inspiring Northern voters to support abolition.

c. its public relations campaign to bring Georgians back into the Union.

*d. the brutality of “total warfare” against Southern populations.

e. Sherman’s decision to speak publicly against the policy of freeing slaves.

20. Advances for women during the Civil War included:

a. gaining the right to vote.

b. gaining the right to own and manage their own property.

*c. entering industrial employment and providing medical care for soldiers.

d. the right to fight in combat as the South became more desperate.

e. the growth of the cult of domesticity.