section 3 writing formulas and naming compounds
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch 22
Section 3
Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
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Oxidation Number
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Oxidation number Oxidation number- The relationship between an
element’s position on the periodic table and the number of electrons it gains or loses
sodium ion has a charge of 1+ and an oxidation number of 1+.
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Oxidation Number Elements can have
more than one oxidation number.
Ex: copper can be called copper II or copper III.
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Compounds are Neutral Individual ions may have a charge but the
compounds they form are neutral.
Na+ + Cl- NaCl
Ca2+ + 2F- CaF2
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Writing Formulas 1. Write the symbol of the element or polyatomic
ion (ions containing more than one atom) that has the positive oxidation number or charge.
2. Write the symbol of the element or polyatomic ion with the negative oxidation number.
3. The charge (without the sign) of one ion becomes the subscript of the other ion. Reduce the subscripts to the smallest whole numbers that retain the ratio of ions.
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Writing Formulas Combine Lithium and Nitrogen.
Li+ + N3- Li3N
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Writing Names 1. Write the name of the positive ion.
2. Check to see if the positive ion is capable of forming more than one oxidation number. If it is, determine the oxidation number of the ion from the formula of the compound Write the charge of the positive ion using roman numerals in parentheses after the ion’s name. If the ion has only one possible oxidation number, proceed to step 3.
3. Write the root name of the negative ion. The root is the first part of the element’s name.
4. Add the ending -ide to the root. The table lists several elements and their -ide counterparts.
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Writing Names Li3N
Lithium nitride
Na2S Sodium sulfide
MgI2
Magnesium iodide
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Complex Ions Polyatomic ions- a positively or negatively charged,
covalently bonded group of atoms.
NaHCO3
Baking soda
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Hydrates Hydrate- a compound that has water chemically
attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula.
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Naming binary covalent compounds
N2O, NO, NO2 and, N2O5
Nitrogen oxide?
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N2O Dinitrogen oxide
NO Nitrogen oxide
NO2
Nitrogen dioxide
N2O5
Dinitrogen pentoxide