section 6.3 : kingdom animalia pg. 182-197
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Section 6.3 : Kingdom Animalia pg. 182-197. Part 1 : Invertebrates. Animal Kingdom. Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth. Animals: a re multicellular eukaryotes a re heterotrophic r eproduce sexually. Animal Characteristics. These are used to classify - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Section 6.3:Kingdom Animalia
pg. 182-197
Part 1:Invertebrates
Animal Kingdom
• Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth.
• Animals:– are multicellular
eukaryotes– are heterotrophic– reproduce sexually
Animal Characteristics
These are used to classifyanimals into different phyla:1. The number of Germ Layers– “germ” = cells in early stages– Most have 3 layers: ectoderm
(outer), endoderm (inner) & mesoderm (middle)
2. Digestive Tract– Most animals use
extracellular digestion– Incomplete digestive tract :
only one opening (food & wastes use the same opening)
– Complete digestive tract : separate openings for food & wastes.
3. Body Symmetry– Asymmetrical Body : irregular shape (i.e.
sponges, who are the simplest animals)– Symmetrical Body : most animals are balanced in
their shape
Symmetry
There are 2 types of symmetry1. Radial (Fig. 6.17a, pg. 185)
2. Bilateral (Fig. 6.17b, pg. 185)
4. Development of a Coelom– Coelom = a fluid-filled body
cavity– The presence of a coelom
allows for the development of more complex organ systems.
– Animals with a coelom = coelomates
– Animals without a coelom = acoelomates
5. Reproduction– All animals reproduce sexually– Some also reproduce asexually– Some are hermaphrodites = have both male &
female reproductive organs
Invertebrates(95% of Animal Kingdom)
• Examples include: (see Table 6.2, pages 183-184)– sponges– sea anemones– jellyfish– coral– planarians– tapeworms– leech– slug– clam– octopus– starfish– sand dollars, etc.
Invertebrate Characteristics
• Lack of internal structures• Reproduction includes
sexual & asexual• Some are coelomate
(i.e. earthworm) & some are acoelomate (i.e. flatworm)
Invertebrate Characteristics
• Can have asymmetrical (i.e. sponges), radial (i.e. jellyfish) or bilateral body forms (i.e. earthworm).
There are over 30 phylaof invertebrates, but wewill look at the major eight.
8 Phyla of Invertebrates
1. Porifera2. Cnidaria3. Platyhelminthes4. Nematoda5. Annelida6. Mollusca7. Echinodermata8. Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera
• Means “pore-bearing”• Example: Sponges
Phylum Cnidaria
• Means “thistle”• Examples: Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones,
hydras
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Means “flat, wide worms”• Examples: Tapeworms, flukes, planarians
Phylum Nematoda
• Means “thread-like”• Examples: Pinworms, hookworms
Phylum Annelida
• Means “ring”• Examples: Earthworms, leeches, tubeworms
Phylum Mollusca
• Means “soft-bodied”• Examples: clams, oysters, squids,
octopi, snails, slugs, scallops
Phylum Echinodermata
• Means “spiny-skinned”• Examples: starfish, sea cucumbers, sand
dollars, sea urchins
Phylum Arthropoda
• The MOST successful phylum!!• Over 1 million species have been identified.• Very diverse – some live at the bottom of the
ocean, and some float in the air.
Examples of Arthropods
• Include:– Insects– Spiders– Shrimp– Barnacles– Lobster– Scorpions
Arthropods…
• have jointed appendages• have bilateral symmetry• have a coelom• have a “tube within a tube”
digestive system• reproduce sexually
Why are Arthropods So Successful?
• Exoskeleton: – a rigid, jointed external skeleton – is waterproof and protects against water loss– they must shed their exoskeleton in order to grow.
Other Reasons Why They Are Successful…
• The nature of their body segments & attached appendages.
• Their well-developed nervous system.• Their structures & functions related to feeding
themselves.
Insects
• The most successful species on Earth.
• But Why???1. They have many adaptations
for feeding.2. Most are small in size,
allowing them to hide.3. They move quickly and many
have wings.
Insect Mimicry
• Some insects have an adaptation called mimicry.
• Mimicry: the ability to look like something else.
Two Short Videos
• Insect Mimicry
• Phylum Arthropoda “How Stuff Works”
Section 6.3: Part 1Review Activities
• Do the “Survey of Invertebrates” handout.• Go to lab to do the Investigation 6C on pages
188-189.