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Sedimentary Rocks

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Page 1: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

Page 2: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 3: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

Page 4: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

Page 5: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

Page 6: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

Page 7: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

3) Deposition

Page 8: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

3) Deposition

4) Lithification

Page 9: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

3) Deposition

4) Lithification

*cementation and compaction

Page 10: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

Page 11: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

Page 12: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

Page 13: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

Page 14: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

* kaolinite

Page 15: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

* kaolinite

*illite

Page 16: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

* kaolinite

*illite

*montmorillonite

Page 17: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

B. Quartz (SiO2)

“flint”, “chert”

Page 18: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

High Temp(1300 C)

Low Temp(600 C)

Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene

Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar

Orthoclase Feldspar

Muscovite

Quartz

Page 19: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

B. Quartz

C. Calcite (CaCO3)

Page 20: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

B. Quartz

C. Calcite

D. Other Minerals…..

Page 21: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Detrital (Clastic)

Page 22: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Detrital (Clastic)

B. Chemical

Page 23: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Detrital (Clastic)

B. Chemical

C. Biochemical

Page 24: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

A. Definition of texture:

“the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

Page 25: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

A. Definition of texture:

“the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

B. Size

Page 26: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Wentworth Scale

Page 27: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

A. Definition of texture:

“the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

B. Size

C. Shape

Page 28: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

C. Shape

1. Roundness

Page 29: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 30: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

C. Shape

1. Roundness

2. Sphericity

Page 31: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 32: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

D. Maturity

Page 33: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 34: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

V. Types of Sedimentary Rocks

A. “The Model” for clastic rocks

Page 35: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

A. “The Model”

Page 36: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks

Breccia

Conglomerate

Page 37: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocksArkoseGraywackeQuartz Sandstone

Page 38: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocksSiltstoneShale/Mudstone

Page 39: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 40: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Limestones

MicriteCalcarenite

Page 41: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Limestones

Chalk

Coquina

Fossiliferous

Page 42: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

LimestonesOolitic

Page 43: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks

Limestones

Dolomites

Page 44: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks

Chert

Coal (Bituminous)

Page 45: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks

Evaporites (Halite and Gypsum)

Page 46: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

Page 47: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

Page 48: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Bedding

Page 49: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

Page 50: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 51: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 52: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

Page 53: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 54: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 55: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

D. Cross Bedding

Page 56: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 57: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 58: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 59: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

D. Cross Bedding

E. Graded Bedding

Page 60: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 61: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 62: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

D. Cross Bedding

E. Graded Bedding

F. Fossils

Page 63: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 64: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 65: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 66: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 67: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification
Page 68: Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

VII. Marine Transgressions and Regressions


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