earth materials eq:what are sedimentary rocks? rocks that form from the burial, compression, and...
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EARTH MATERIALSEQ:What are sedimentary rocks?
Rocks that form from the burial, compression, and cementation (lithification) of the deposits of weathered remains of other rocks (clastic); by deposition of the results of biogenic activity (organic); and by precipitation from solution (chemical).
Sedimentary Rocks
CLASSROOMUNSQUARED
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The Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Exposed rock Weathering ErosionDeposition Burial Uplift Erosion
Exposure
Weathering is the physical or chemical breakdown of exposed rock (sediments).Sediments + decayed organic matter = soil.
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Weathering
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Sediment Grain Size
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Erosion is the movement of sediments from one location to another. Agents of erosion:
Moving water - river systems (major) Wind – deserts, ergs Glaciers – high elevation and latitude Gravity – avalanches, slump, creep
The Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
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Erosion
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Environments of Deposition
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Deposition, Burial, Compaction/Cementation
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Sedimentary Rock Features
Strata Fossils Trace Fossils (tracks, burrows) Ripple marks (currents) Mud cracks Graded bedding (storm deposits) Cross-bedding (tilted dep. surface)
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Sedimentary Rocks (Identification Key)
Name Class SedimentSandstone Clastic Sand grains
(quartz)
Siltstone Clastic Silt grains
Conglomerate Clastic Rounded Sand / Gravel / Pebbles
Breccia Clastic Angular Fragments
Shale Clastic Clay
Coal Organic Organic matter
Limestone Precipitate CaCO3
Shell Limestone Organic CaCO3
Chert Precipitate SiO2