Seerah of The Seerah of The Prophet Prophet Peace be upon himPeace be upon him

The SiegeThe Siege

Mecca Timeline

Secret Phase

Declared Phase

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

The Persecution of Muslims

• Abu Taleb assembles Bani Hashem and Bani Al-Muttalib– The polytheists had laid a plan to kill the Prophet, and

banded together to put their plan into effect.

– Abu Taleb assembled his kinsfolk of Bani Hashim and Bani Al-Muttalib and exhorted them to immunize and defend Muhammad.

– All of them, whether believers or disbelievers, responded positively except his brother Abu Lahab, who sided with the idolaters.

The Persecution of Muslims

• Quraysh seeks a response to the following events:

– The conversion of Hamzah and ‘Umar

– The Prophet’s refusal to negotiate any sort of compromise

– Failure of oppressive and abusive tactics to convert Muslims back to Idolatry

– The pact drawn up between Banu Muttalib and Banu Hashem to immunize Muhammad [pbuh] and shield him against any treacherous attempt to kill him.

The Persecution

The Tactics of Quraysh:• Isolating the Prophet from Quraysh and rest of Arabia• Influencing his Uncle Abu Taleb• Distorting the Truth (Propaganda)• Negotiations (Seeking Compromise to change Islam)• Mockery• Arguing against Tawheed, justifying Idolatry• Attacking the Character of The Prophet

– Liar, Insane, Possessed, Poet, Sorcerer, only Human..etc• Challenging the Prophet to bring Miracles• The Physical Persecution (Torture, Murder, Abuse..)

The Pact of Boycott

• The pagans of Makkah formed a confederation hostile to both Bani Hashem and Bani Al-Muttalib.

• They decided: – not to have any business dealings with them – nor any sort of inter-marriage. – Social relations, visits and even verbal contacts with

Muhammad [pbuh] and his supporters would discontinue until the Prophet [pbuh] was given up to them to be killed.

• The articles of their proclamation were written then suspended in Al-Ka‘bah. [Za'd Al-Ma'ad 2/46]

The Pact of Boycott

• Muslim were under physical, social and economical siege.– Famine and Hunger– Social Isolation– Enormous Hardship– Continuous propaganda against Muslims

• Three years (7-10 after Revelation)

The Pact of Boycott

• Three years (7-10 after Revelation)

• The Pact was broken by some noble people of Quraysh unable to tolerate the injustice towards their relatives

• The miracle of insects consuming the written pact except the name of Allah

Mecca Timeline

Secret Phase

Declared Phase

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Last Attempt withAbu Taleb

• The polytheists of Makkah, seeing this serious situation and fearing that the stain of infamy in case they took any aggressive action against the Prophet after he had lost his main support, Abu Taleb, took a decision to negotiate with the Prophet once more.

• Abu Taleb said: "Well, my nephew, here are the elite of your people. They have proposed this meeting to submit a policy of mutual concessions and peaceful coexistence."

• The Messenger of Allah turned to them saying: "I will guide you to the means by which you will gain sovereignty over both the Arabs and non-Arabs."

• Abu Jahl asked, "What is that word? I swear by your father that we will surely grant you your wish followed by ten times as much." He said, "I want you to t

• " They immediately clapped their hands in ridicule, and said "How can you expect us to combine all the deities in one God. It is really something incredible." "By god this man (Muhammad) will never relent, nor will he offer any concessions. Let us hold to the religion of our forefathers"

• As regards this incident, Allah revealed the following verses:

• ((And they (Arab pagans) wonder that a warner has come to them from among themselves. And the disbelievers say: "This is a sorcerer, a liar."Has he made the gods (all) into One God (Allah). Verily, this is a curious thing!"And the leaders among them went about (saying): "Go on, and remain constant to your gods! Verily, this is a thing designed (against you)!"We have not heard (the like) of this in the religion of these later days. This is nothing but an invention!))

ص

Last Attempt withAbu Taleb

Seerah of The Seerah of The Prophet Prophet Peace be upon himPeace be upon him

““The Year of Grief”The Year of Grief”1010thth Year of Revelation Year of Revelation

The Year of Griefعليه • الله صلى الله رسول جاءه ، الوفاة طالب أبا حضرت لما

، المغيرة بن أمية أبي بن الله وعبد جهل أبا عنده فوجد ، وسلمالله فقال : ) عند بها لك أحاج كلمة ، الله إال إله ال قل ، عم ( . أي

عبد : ملة عن أترغب أمية أبي بن الله وعبد جهل أبو فقاليعرضها وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول يزل فلم ، المطلب

كلمهم : ما آخر طالب أبو قال حتى ، المقالة بتلك ويعيدانه ، عليهقال : : قال ، الله إال إله ال يقول أن وأبى ، المطلب عبد ملة على

وسلم : ) عليه الله صلى الله أنه رسول لم ما لك ألستغفرن واللهالله( . : } عنك يستغفروا فأنزل أن آمنوا والذين للنبي كان ما

صdَحbاُ̀ب للمشركينb أ dه̀مe bن أ dه̀مb ل bنe bي bب ت مbا fدdعb ب dنfم bى ب dق̀ر أ̀ولfي bان̀وا ك dوb وbل

f dَجbَحfيم صلى{ . ال الله لرسول فقال ، طالب أبي في الله وأنزلوسلم : } عليه من الله يهدي الله ولكن أحببت من تهدي ال إنك

{ . يشاء حزن: • بن المسيب : الراوي البخاري المَحدث

The Year of Grief• On the authority of Al-Musaiyab, when Abu Taleb was on the death

bed, the Prophet entered and saw Abu Jahl and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Omaiyah. The Prophet said to his uncle: "My uncle, say that there is no true god but Allah, and I will intercede before Allah ". Abu Jahl said: "Abu Taleb, would you abandon the religion of ‘Abdul-Muttalib?" repeatedly till Abu Taleb gave his final word and he stuck to the religion of ‘Abdul-Muttalib. Upon this the Messenger of Allah remarked: "By Allah, I will persistently beg pardon for you till I am forbidden to do so (by Allah)". It was then that Allah revealed this verse: "It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah's forgiveness for the polytheists even though they be of kin, after it has become clear to them that they are the dwellers of the Fire." [Al-Qur'an 9:113] And it was said to the Messenger of Allah:"Verily! You guide not whom you like. But it is Allah who guides whoever He pleases" [Al-Qur'an 28:56] [Bukhari 1/548]

The Year of Grief• Two months after Abu Taleb’s death and in Ramadan of the Tenth year of

Revelation, Khadijah passes away.

هذه : • ، الله رسول يا فقال وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي جبريل أتىأتتك هي فإذا ، شراب أو طعام أو إدام فيه إناء معها ، أتت قد خديجة

من الجنة في ببيت وبشرها ، ومني ربها من السالم عليها فاقرأنصب وال فيه صخب ال : . قصب البخاري: المَحدث هريرة أبو الراوي

• ، خديجة على غرت ما وسلم عليه الله صلى للنبي امرأة على غرت مالما ، يتزوجني أن قبل يذكرها هلكت أسمعه أن كنت الله وأمره ،

، قصب من ببيت خالئلها يبشرها في فيهدي الشاة ليذبح كان وإنيسعهن ما : . منها البخاري: المَحدث عائشة الراوي

بأحسن • عليها أثنى خديجة ذكر إذا وسلم عليه الله صلى النبي كانقد الشدقين حمراء تذكرها ما أكثر ما فقلت يوما فغرت قالت الثناء

منها خيرا الله أبدلني ما قال منها خيرا الله إذ أبدلك بي آمنت وقدالناس حرمني إذ بمالها وآستني كذبني إذ وصدقتني الناس بي كفر

ولدها الله أيضا ورزقني النساء أوالد حرمني : إذ المَحدث: عائشة الراوي : والنهاية - البداية المصدر كثير ابن

The Year of Grief• "She believed in me when none else did. She embraced Islam

when people disbelieved me. And she helped and comforted me in her person and wealth when there was none else to lend me a helping hand. I had children from her.“

• Abu Hurairah reported that Gabriel came to Allah's Messenger and said: "Khadijah is coming to you with a vessel of food or drink. When she comes to you, offer her greetings from her Lord, and give her glad tidings of a palace of jewels in Paradise where there is no noise and no toil." [Bukhari 1/539]

The Year of Grief

• Loss of support in Mecca after the death of Abu Taleb

• Loss of support at home after the death of Khadijah

• The oppression and abuse of Quraysh increased after Abu Taleb’s death

• The Prophet of Allah marries Sawdah bint Zam’ah (a widow returned from Abyssinia)

The Year of Grief

Al-Ta’if• The Da’wah in Mecca seemed to reach a dead end.• Seeking support and a new avenue for Islam outside Mecca

The Year of GriefAl-Ta’if• In Shawwal (in May or June 619 A.D.), ten years after receiving

his mission from his Lord, the Prophet set out towards At-Ta’if, about 60 kilometres from Makkah, in the company Zaid bin Haritha inviting people to Islam.

• For ten days he stayed there delivering his message to several people, one after another, but all to no avail.

• The people hooted him through the alley-ways, pelted him with stones and obliged him to flee from the city pursued by a relentless rabble.

• One of the worst days in the life of the Prophet fearing that his call to Allah and mission is failing.

The Year of Grief

Quraysh Ta’if

Loss of Abu Taleb Loss

of Khad

ijah

The Year of Griefعلى • اني وهو ، حيلتي وقلة ، قوتي ضعف أشكو إليك اللهم

ربي . . . . وأنت ، المستضعفين رُب أنت ، الراحمين أرحم أنت الناسإن. . . . أمري ملكته عدو إلى أم ، يتَجهمني بعيد إلى تكلني من إلىلي . . ! ! أوسع هي عافيتك أن غير ، أبالي فال علي غضب بك يكن لم

الدنيا أمر عليه وصلح ، الظلمات له أشرقت ألذي وجهك بنور أعوذالعتبى . لك سخطك بي ينزل أن أو ، غضبك علي يَحل أن ، واآلخرة

بك . . . إال قوة وال حول وال ، ترضى حتى• "O Allah! To You alone I complain of my weakness, the paucity of my resources

and my insignificance before mankind. You are the most Merciful. You are the Lord of the helpless and the weak, O Lord of mine! Into whose hands would You deliver me: into the hands of a stranger who oppresses me, or to the enemy who has been given control over my affairs? But if Your wrath does not fall on me, there are no worries for me. I seek protection in the light of Your Countenance, which illuminates the heavens and dispels darkness, and which controls all affairs in this world as well as in the Hereafter. May it never be that I should incur Your anger, or that You should be wrathful to me. And there is no power nor resource, but Yours alone."