seismic analysis and response...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Seismic Analysis andResponse Fundamentals
Lee MarshSSenior Project ManagerBERGER/ABAM Engineers, Inc
![Page 2: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesIdentify Earthquake Inertial Forces/Loadings
Describe the Interrelation Between the Plastic Mechanism Concept and Capacity Design
Li t E t E t I L d C bi ti I l di L dList Extreme Event I Load Combination, Including Load Factors
D fi Gl b l S i i D i St t d Id tifDefine Global Seismic Design Strategy and Identify Earthquake Resisting Systems/Elements
Li t T f S i i A l i T h iList Types of Seismic Analysis Techniques
Define Regular vs. Non-Regular Bridges
![Page 3: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 4: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityDynamic Equilibrium /
Free VibrationFree Vibration
![Page 5: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityGround Excitation vs
Earthquake ‘Loading’Earthquake ‘Loading’
IncludesIncludesDynamicAmplification
![Page 6: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 7: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Three Observations
![Page 8: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Three Observations (cont)( )
![Page 9: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Three Observations (cont)( )
![Page 10: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Path to Plastic MechanismΔ
MomentDisplacement, Δ
Mp1
1 2 3Inertial Force
p
Mp2Plastic Hinge
(4 Total)( ota )
Mp shaft1 – First Hinges Form2 – Second Hinges Form3 – Deformation Capacity Reached
![Page 11: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample Plastic
MechanismsMechanisms
![Page 12: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Capacity Design Principlesp y g p
Concept Underpins Modern Seismic Design
Establish Capacity and Plastic Mechanism Identify the Elements of the Structure That Should Behave Inelastically and Design Them to Yield.
Provide Ductility Ensure Those Elements Can Tolerate the Inelastic DemandsEnsure Those Elements Can Tolerate the Inelastic Demands Imposed by the Design Earthquake.
Capacity Protect the RestD i All O h El b S E h Th ThDesign All Other Elements to be Strong Enough That They Do Not Behave Inelastically, and Provide Articulation to Permit Mobilization of the Plastic Mechanism.
![Page 13: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilitySystem Load vs Deflection
Pushover CurvePushover Curve
![Page 14: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityDynamic Equilibrium
Revisted: Including YieldingRevisted: Including Yielding
finertial = m (agnd + arel) = ‘Earthquake Load’
Inertial force is limited to sum ofsuperstructurecolumn shears to satisfy equilibrim.
f + f
columns
fspring + fdamping
The column shears include inelastic
Bent FBDTransverse Loading
include inelastic effects.
![Page 15: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Transverse ResponseTwo Span Continuous SuperstructureTwo-Span Continuous Superstructure
(If(If superstructurewere non-continuous,then center bent wouldresist much larger forces.)resist much larger forces.)
![Page 16: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Longitudinal ResponseTwo Span BridgeTwo-Span Bridge
![Page 17: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Balanced Stiffness
Guide Specification Isolation Casing(example technique
Highest Category –SDC D
Control Relative:
to alter stiffness)
Control Relative:• Column Stiffness• Bent Stiffness• Frame Period
![Page 18: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityEarthquake Resisting
Systems (ERS)Systems (ERS) Note: Concepts Valid for LRFD & Retrofit, Too.
Figure 3.3-1a Guide Specifications
![Page 19: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityEarthquake Resisting
Systems (ERS) (cont)Systems (ERS) (cont) Note: Concepts Valid for LRFD & Retrofit, Too.
Figure 3.3-1a Guide Specifications
![Page 20: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityEarthquake Resisting
Elements (ERE)Elements (ERE) Note: Concepts Valid for LRFD & Retrofit, Too.
Permissible EREs:
Figure 3.3-1b Guide Specifications
![Page 21: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityEarthquake Resisting
Elements (ERE)Elements (ERE) Note: Concepts Valid for LRFD & Retrofit, Although Uninspectable Damage is Not Explicitly Permitted in LRFD.Permissible EREs with Owner’s Approval:
Figure 3.3-2 Guide Specifications
![Page 22: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityEarthquake Resisting
Elements (ERE)Elements (ERE) Note: Concepts Valid for LRFD & Retrofit, Too.
EREs Not Recommended for New Bridges:
Figure 3 3-3Figure 3.3-3 Guide Specifications
![Page 23: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Global Design Strategiesg g
Type 1 – Ductile
Note: Concepts Valid, Except Types2 & 3 Not Addressed in LRFD
ypSubstructure, Elastic SuperstructureT 2 El ti
Type 2
Type 2 – Elastic Substructure, Ductile Superstructure
Type 3
Type 3 – Elastic Sub- & Superstructure, Fusing Interface
Type 1
Interface
Figure 7.1-1 Guide SpecificationsFigure shows all three types; but use only one at a time.
![Page 24: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 25: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityAASHTO
Earthquake Load CaseEarthquake Load CaseGeneralGeneral
Consider permanent loads, live load is special case
LRFD – Extreme Event Iγp(DC+DD+DW+EH+EV+ES+EL+PS+CR+SH)+γEQ(LL+IM+CE+BR+PL+LS)+WA+FR+EQγp – see Table 3.4.1-2 / γEQ = 0.50, but no consensusγp see Table 3.4.1 2 / γEQ 0.50, but no consensus
Guide Specification“Use load factors of 1.0 for all permanent loads.”Equivalent to γp = 1.0 … simplification – appropriate for pushover Live load γEQ up to engineer, per commentary (e.g. high ADTT, etc))
![Page 26: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 27: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilitySystem Demand
Analysis MethodsAnalysis Methods
![Page 28: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityLocal Capacity Analysis
PushoverForce Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Note: Concept Valid for LRFD, But Not Used.Pushoveror
ce FEQ
ΔEQActual Response
Fmax
ater
al F
o
1
2 3 4 Plastic Hinge
Fmax
La
Displacement ΔDisplacement - Δ
Actual Response Milestones1 - First-yield Point, Previous Nonlinearity Due to Foundation Flexibility2 – Maximum Allowable Plastic Deformation3 – Onset of Collapse4 - Collapse4 Collapse
![Page 29: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Uniform Load MethodUniform Load Method
(L = 242 ft)
![Page 30: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Uniform Load Method (cont)( )
0.47
• Step 4
0
0.79 sec
AASHTO LRFD Interim 2008
![Page 31: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Uniform Load Method (cont)( )
![Page 32: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Uniform Load Method (cont)( )
![Page 33: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilitySingle-Mode Spectral
MethodMethod
![Page 34: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilitySingle-Mode Spectral
Method (cont)Method (cont)
![Page 35: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilitySingle-Mode Spectral
Method (cont)Method (cont)
![Page 36: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilitySingle-Mode Spectral
Method (cont)Method (cont)
Pe(x)
![Page 37: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Regular Bridgesg g
![Page 38: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityAnalysis Method As
Function of RegularityFunction of Regularity
AASHTOLRFD 4th Ed.
![Page 39: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 40: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Seismic Model Optionsp
![Page 41: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Spine Modelp
![Page 42: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Geometry Issuesy
![Page 43: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Example Bridge Slide 1 of 4p g
![Page 44: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Example Bridge Slide 2 of 4p g
![Page 45: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Example Bridge Slide 3 of 4p g
![Page 46: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Example Bridge Slide 4 of 4p g
![Page 47: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Example Spine Modelp p
![Page 48: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Substructure Model
![Page 49: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityEffective Stiffness
Reinforced ConcreteReinforced Concrete
Priestley, Seible and Calvi, 1996
![Page 50: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Support Conditionspp
![Page 51: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Foundation Flexibilityy
![Page 52: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Foundation Flexibility (cont)y ( )
![Page 53: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Weight Distributiong
![Page 54: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Special Considerationsp
![Page 55: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 56: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Multimode Analysisy
![Page 57: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Modal Participationp
![Page 58: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Modal Participation (cont)p ( )
![Page 59: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Participating Massp g
![Page 60: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Participating MassParticipating Mass
X - LongitudinalY - VerticalZ - TransverseZ Transverse
![Page 61: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Participating Mass (cont)Participating Mass (cont)
![Page 62: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Participating Mass (cont)Participating Mass (cont)
![Page 63: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Participating Mass (cont)Participating Mass (cont)
![Page 64: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Participating Mass (cont)Participating Mass (cont)
![Page 65: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityExample
Participating Mass (cont)Participating Mass (cont)
![Page 66: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Modal Analysis Loadingy gLoading is Mode-by-ModeEach Mode is ‘Analyzed’ IndividuallyEach Mode is Analyzed IndividuallyProcess is Directly Analogous to Single-Mode Method
fi = Earthquake Loading With Dynamic Amplificationfi Earthquake Loading With Dynamic Amplification
![Page 67: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic ApplicabilityResponse Spectrum
LoadingLoadingC
sm,
C
![Page 68: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Modal Combinations
![Page 69: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Modal Combinations (cont)( )
![Page 70: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Modal Combinations (cont)( )
![Page 71: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 72: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Directional Combinations
![Page 73: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Directional Combinations
![Page 74: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Directional Load Combos
![Page 75: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Presentation Roadmapp
Earthquake LoadingsEarthquake LoadingsSeismic Design Concepts and StrategiesExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingExtreme Event Earthquake LoadingBridge Modeling Guidelines
Analysis MethodsAnalysis MethodsModels, Stiffness and MassModal AnalysisyCombining Directional Response
Summary
![Page 76: Seismic Analysis and Response Fundamentalsmceer.buffalo.edu/research/HighwayPrj/Workshops/Charleston/04Marsh… · Force Displ. Retro 9 9 9 AASHTO Topic Applicability Earthquake Load](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102812/5a73381f7f8b9a9d538e68ea/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Force Displ. RetroTopic Applicability
Summary and ‘Look Ahead’ySummary
Earthquake LoadingEarthquake LoadingPlastic Mechanism and Capacity DesignEarthquake Resisting Elements and Systemsq g yDemand Modeling
Look AheadLook AheadForce-Based Design Displacement-Based Design Detailing for DuctilityGeotechnical Considerations