sejarah teknologi gavin mackay dr.ir.hari g soeparto mt, email: [email protected] manajemen...
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Sejarah TeknologiGavin Mackay
Dr.Ir.Hari G Soeparto MT,Email: [email protected]
Manajemen StrategisTeknologi
Stone Age
Mesolithic Neolithic
Fire Stone tools and weapons Clothing Outrigger boat technology Music Organized warfare Shift from Nomadic to settlement
Evidence – tools, cave paintings, and other prehistoric art
* No Written evidence
Copper and Bronze Age (3000 B.C.)
Neolithic included development of agriculture, animal domestication and permanent settlements
Need for metal smelting first copper then bronze
Iron Age
1200 B.C. Europe Middle East 600 B.C. in China Improved tools and weapons Last major step before written language
Ancient Civilizations
Egyptian Technology (3200 B.C. – 332 B.C.) Egyptian inventions ramp and lever Paper from papyrus Pottery Wheel (first thought to be invented in Iran in 4,000
B.C.) Introduced by foreign invaders and used by Egyptians
for chariots Also shipping and lighthouses developed
Tribal Europe
1,000 – 500 B.C. German tribes in Bronze age Celts in Iron age Time of hellstat culture colliding with military
and agriculture practices of Romans
Ancient Greece (1,200 – 323 B.C.)
Heron of Alexander makes basic steam engine Archimedes screw Ballistag Crossbow to siege weapons Simple analog computers Antikytheric mechanism for calculation of
astronomical positions
Ancient Greece (cont’d)
150 – 100 B.C. Watermills, wind mills Global pioneers in three of the four known
means of nonhuman propulsion (4th is sail)
Rome (750 B.C. – 500 A.D.)
Sophisticated agriculture Laws of individual ownership Advanced stone masonry technology Road building exceeded only in 19th century Military engineering, civil engineering Spinning and weaving Mechanical reaper (forgotten in dark ages) First to build amphitheatre, aquaducts, public baths Stone bridges, vaults and domes
Rome (cont’d)
Concentrated sand which contained cystalline grains and some buildings have lasted over 2,000 years
Urban Roman life included multi storey apartment blocks street paving, public flush toilets, glass windows and floor and wall heating
Some technologies lost in middle ages and reinvented in 19th and 20th centuries
India
Indus valley civilization 5,300 – 1,700 B.C. Early cities Takshasilla University (students from all over
Asia: Persians, Greek, Chinese) Perfumes Vegetable dyes
China (1,600 B.C.)
One Scottish researcher believes China made many first known discoveries
Seismological detecting machines, matches, paper, sliding calipers double action pistons pump, multi tube seed drill, the wheelbarrow, suspension bridges parachute, natural gas as fuel, magnetic compass, raised relief maps, propeller
Solid rocket fuel (1150)
Maya (1200 B.C. – 900 AD)
No metallurgy or wheels invented but complex writing and astrological systems
Renaissance
Age of exploration; European colonization of the Americas, Africa, Australasia
Rediscovered civil code
Industrial Revolution
Mid 18th and early 19th century Began in Britain and spread throughout the
world Manual labor replaced by industry and
manufacturing of machinery Started with textile industry, iron making and
use of coal as an energy fuel, transportation (canals, improved roads, railways, and steam power)
19th Century
Iron clad steamships, machine tools Second industrial revolution with rapid
development in chemical, electrical, petroleum and steel technologies
History of Digital Computing
1940s (WW2) Parallel activities in USA, Britain and Germany
On valve driven digital computers although some decimal programming also designed
Transistors invented in USA in 1947 1890 Tabulation Machine company formed to cope
with census taking, this company became IBM Word processing introduced in 1970 allowing
operator users
Pengembangan Teknologi dilihat dari Perspektif Waktu
1. Teknologi Masa Kini2. Teknologi Mendatang3. Teknologi Baru4. Teknologi Masa depan5. Teknologi ‘Sun Rise’6. Teknologi Senja7. Teknologi Buntu
4 Teknologi dimasa depan (James Canton Ph.D)
1. Teknologi Cyber
2. Biotech
3. Nanotech
4. Entertainment Technology