1

Presentation title

qualifications are better understood

Selecting the best Students from

Core Asian Markets

Monika Krzebietke

November 2015

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Objectives

India

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Vietnam

• International student market – global perspective

• UK perspective

• Using UK NARIC and additional tools

3

Global mobility 2001

United States

28%

United

Kingdom

11%

Germany 9% Spain 2%

Belgium 2%

All Others

34%

France 7% Australia 4%

Japan 3%

4

Global mobility 2014

United States

20%

China 8%

France 7% Canada 5%

Japan 3%

All Others

35%

Germany 6% Australia 6%

United

Kingdom

11%

5

International Enrollment as a Percentage of Total

Higher Education Enrollment

6

Origin of mobile students worldwide

7

What about the cost?

8

International students profile

Pull factors for students:

higher than in their home countries quality of education

better living conditions

long term benefits of a stronger or more varied labour

market

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What does the future hold?

Changes to postsecondary-aged population by 2024:

• India will increase to 119 million

• China will drop to 79 million

• Russia (-1.8 million)

• Vietnam (-1.8 million)

• Iran (-1.5 million)

Markets in terms of post- secondary enrolments:

• India 48 million

• China 37 million

• US 22 million

• Indonesia 11 million

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What does the future hold?

In 2024….

• China the world’s largest source of international postgraduate students

• China to send 338,000 students abroad for postgraduate level studies,

compared to India’s 209,000.

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UK landscape

12

International students in the UK

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Percentage of student population who are

international 2013-14

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Top non-EU sending countries

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International student numbers by subject area

2013-14

Subject of study % in subject who are international

Business & administrative studies 38.7%

Engineering and technology 32.7%

Law 25.0%

Architecture, building and planning 24.4%

Mass communications & documentation 21.9%

Mathematical sciences 20.9%

Computer science 20.5%

Veterinary sciences 19.2%

Social studies 19.0%

Languages 17.7%

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International students in the UK by gender (2014)

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India

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India

Capital New Delhi

Government type Federal republic

Population 1,251,695,584 (2015)

Total area 3,287,263 km²

Language

Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%,

Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%,

other 5.9%

English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language, but it is the most important

language for national, political, and commercial communication.

GPD (per capita) 2015 USD $5,900 (2014)

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India

• Compulsory education 6-14

• High drop-out rate

• Kerala has the highest literacy

rate (94%)

• Three central boards are

considered more prestigious

than state boards

• Approximately 18% of school

leavers enrol in higher education

• Bachelor degrees 3 or 4 years

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India – Market information

• Changing profile of international students: traditionally, north Indians went to study

to Europe, but increasingly, this trend is also seen in students from Gujarat and

southern states

• Most of scholarships and grants are claimed by students from southern India

• Number of Indian students going overseas was up sharply in 2014 (reverse of a

four-year trend of declining Indian student numbers)

• That total Indian outbound was just over 300,000 for 2014

• Important reason for study abroad is the lack of good institutions in India and

growing competition for limited seats amongst the existing institutes

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India – Market information

• US - most popular destination

• Decline in the UK due to tighter work and immigration laws

• Must accommodate an additional 14 million students, on top of the current higher

education enrolment of 26 million, in order to hit its 2020 participation targets

• 75% of graduates are not considered employable

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India : India School Certificate Examination

from CISCE

• 5-6 examinations

• English compulsory

• 9 point scale assessment (1-9)

• no overall grade provided

(unlike HSC from state boards )

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India : Pre-University Examination (Karnataka)

• 6 subjects

• Subjects graded out of 100

• Overall grade calculated out of 600

• The score graded on a 5 point scale and

corresponds to a percentage band

• Distinction (85-100%)

• Fail (0-35%)

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India : Bachelor of Commerce

• Commonly use system of

classification

• Some universities have adopted the

semester system at the postgraduate

level and use a marking system

based on a GPA

• Several Institutions of National

Importance use a 1.00-9.00 or a

1.00-10.00 GPA system in the

assessment of the Bachelor of

Technology degree

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India : Bachelor of Science

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Pakistan

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Pakistan

Capital Islamabad

Government type Federal republic

Population 199,085,847 (2015)

Total area 796,095 km²

Language

Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi

3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most

government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

GPD (per capita) 2015 USD $4,700 (2014)

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Pakistan

• compulsory education 5-15

• male literacy is 70.2%; female literacy

is 46.3%, but varies by region and

gender (3% in tribal areas)

• Very high drop out rate

(secondary enrolment 29-40%, university

enrolment 2.5-5%)

• Streams at all levels, science, pre-

medical and pre- engineering seen as

more prestigious

• Intermediate/Higher Secondary School

Certificate (HSC) required for university

admission

• Reforms at HE level in mid 2000s

(4 years Bachelor degrees)

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Pakistan – Market information

• As English is the official language of Pakistan, nearly all higher education courses

are offered in English

• Students from urban areas such as Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad can typically

score at least a 5.5 on an IELTS exam, while students from smaller cities like

Gujranwala, Sialkot, and Faisalabad will need more language training and

foundation courses

• Most educators focus on the three main metropolises: Karachi, Lahore and

Islamabad

• According to research Hyderabad, Peshawar and Sialkot, as well as Gujranwala,

Faisalabad, Multan, Gujrat, Mirpur, and Abbottabad might be worth exploring

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Pakistan – Market information

• In 2012 top 10 destination countries for Pakistani students:

UK

US

Australia

United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia

Canada

Sweden

Malaysia

Germany

Kyrgyzstan

• by 2024 top destinations for postgraduate students will be

Australia (7,400 students)

Germany (6,000 students)

UK (5,000 students)

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Pakistan – Market information

• The largest increases predicted for:

Australia (+10.6%)

Canada (+9.9%)

Germany (+9.6%)

US (+5.4%)

• 13% decrease in Pakistani students’ numbers in the UK

• New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Malaysia, South Korea, Turkey and Cyprus as

new destinations

• The most popular subjects: business, accounting, finance, hotel management,

engineering, IT, English language foundation courses

• The least popular: health sciences, art, design, law

• Most students concerned with location, pricing, expenses

• Less attention paid to campus facilities, sports, rankings

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Pakistan : Higher Secondary Education Certificate of

Intermediate Examination Certificate

• 4 compulsory subjects for all

students: Urdu, English, Pakistan

studies, Islamic Education

• Students examined in 7-8 subjects

• Overall score calculated out of 1100

• The score is graded on a 6 scale

and corresponds to a percentage

band

• A+ (80-100%) is the top grade, E

(33-40%) the lowest grade

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Pakistan : Higher Secondary Certificate (Board of

Intermediate Education Karachi)

• Students examined in 7 subjects

• Overall score calculated out of 1100

• The score is graded on a 6 scale

and corresponds to a percentage

band

• A+ (80-100%) is the top grade, E (0-

33%) the lowest grade

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Pakistan : Bachelor of Science

• Different grading system are used: divisions, letter grades, GPA (out of 4)

• Some universities apply a dual grading system (semester grade and annual

grade)

Numeric Value (NV) Letter Grade (LG)

90% and above A+

80-89.9% A

72-79.9% B+

65-71.9% B

50-64.9% C

Below 50% F

Course withdrawn W

- Bachelor of Science Bachelor of Arts

Total Marks 900 800

First Division 540-900 (60%+) 480-800 (60%+)

Second Division 405-539 (45-59%) 360-479 (45-59%)

Pass grade 33% separately in written &

practical

33% separately in written

& practical

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Pakistan : Bachelor of Science

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Sri Lanka

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Sri Lanka

Capital Colombo, note: Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)

Government type Republic

Population 22,053,488 (2015))

Total area 65,610 km²

Language Sinhala (official) 74%,

Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%. English is widely understood.

GPD (per capita) 2015 USD $10,400 (2014)

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Sri Lanka

• Compulsory education 5-14

• High attendance rate for school-age

children

• High literacy rate (91%)

• Sri Lankan GCE A-level and Common

General Paper (CGP) and General

English Paper (not necessary to pass)

for university entry

• Great demand for university, only 20%

gain admission

• Admission to public universities based

on a quota system (40% chosen on

merit, 55% allocated)

• Bachelor degrees are 3 and 4 years

long

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Sri Lanka: Market information

• Economic growth about 8% from 2015

• Approximately 12,000 Sri Lankan students go abroad each year to study

• Top destinations: UK, Australia, Malaysia, Canada, USA

• UK enrolments declined by 11% in 2014 (comparing with 2013)

• Two category of Sri Lankan students:

Elite students wishing to attend top universities

Students with limited means (open to many different options)

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Sri Lanka : Sri Lankan GCE A level examinations

• Students sit 3-4 examinations (Arts,

Commerce, Biological Science,

Physical Science)

• Common General Paper and

Common English Paper

• Minimum admission requirements:

3 passes (min score 180/400), min

25% scored in the forth subject

• No overall final grade awarded

• only 23,000 out of 220,000 students

admitted to university annually

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Sri Lanka : Bachelor degree

Grade Classification Scale Grade Description Letter Grade

First 90.00-100.00 excellent A

Upper Second 80.00-89.99 very good B+

Lower Second 70.00-79.99 average B

Pass 60.00-69.99 pass C

Fail 0.00-59.99 fail F

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Sri Lanka : Bachelor of Science

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Malaysia

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Malaysia

Capital Kuala Lumpur

Population 30,513,848 (2015)

Total area 329,847 km²

Language Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien,

Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, & Thai.

GPD (per capita) 2015 USD $24,700 (2014)

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Malaysia

• Compulsory 6 years of primary education from

2003

• Mathematics and Science were taught in

English 2003-2010 (2004 in secondary)

• policy is being gradually reversed; return

to Malay

Post-Secondary Education -Sixth Form

• Sixth Form Colleges cover ages 17 to 19 and

are divided into lower and upper forms.

• Upon completion of the two-year study period,

students sit for the Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan

Malaysia (STPM) examinations in three or four

subjects.

Post-Secondary Education - Matriculation

• The Matriculation is a one or two year pre-

university programme. There are three

streams available to students: Biology-based,

Physics-based and Accountancy / Accounting.

• Core subjects are:

– English

– Islamic / Moral Studies

– Malaysian Studies

– Communication Skills

– Information Technology

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Malaysia : Market information

• Targeting country

• Aspires to become the centre of educational excellence

• Allocates 7.7% of its budget to HE (Japan 1%, Korea 3.9%, Indonesia

3.1%, Thailand 3%, Singapore 6.4%

• HE enrolments up by 70% (1.2 mln) over the last 10 years

• Over 103,000 international students enrolled in Malaysia in 2014

• Targeting Southeast Asia, China, India, Gulf Region

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Malaysia : Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan

Malaysia (STPM) and Matriculation

• Required for university entry

• STPM more common allows access to

all course, Matriculation only to

Accountancy, Biology and Physics

• STPM derived from British A-level, 3-4

subjects plus General Studies

• Subjects graded A-F (F=fail)

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Malaysia : Bachelor degree

• requires the completion of at least 120

credits

• dissertation or final project may be

included but is not compulsory in all

institutions

• Division classification :

First Class

Second Class (Division 1 / Upper

Division)

Second Class (Division 2 / Lower

Division)

Third Class

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Thailand

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Thailand

Capital Bangkok

Population 67,976,405 (2015)

Total area 513,120 km²

Language Thai (official) 90.7%, Burmese 1.3%, unspecified 0.9%. English is a

secondary language of the elite.

GPD (per capita) 2015 USD $14,400 (2014)

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Thailand

• Compulsory education 6 - 15

• Three years of upper secondary-

Maw 6 (Certificate of Secondary

Education- end)

• National Institute of Educational

Testing Service (NIETS) deals with

HE admission

• General Aptitude Test (GAT),

Professional and Academic Aptitude

Test (PAT) – 2012

• Admission requirements vary

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Thailand – Market information

• Development of HE after turbulences in 2014

• Predicted increase in students’ mobility

• Still very low proficiency in English language, although improving

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Thailand – Market information

Deciding factors

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Thailand – Maw 6

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Thailand – Maw 6

• Grading scale: 0 – 4, 1 pass mark

• Admission to HE: performance in

grades 10 -12, Ordinary National

Education Test (O-NET), GAT or PAT

• Typically Thai students complete

Foundation programmes prior to

enrolling at UK universities

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Thailand – Bachelor degree

• 120 credits (150-180 credits), 30

credits assigned to general education

• No guidelines for dissertation

• Grading system: GPA, 0 – 4, 2 pass

mark

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Thailand – Bachelor degree

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Vietnam

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Vietnam

Capital Hanoi (Ha Noi)

Population 94,348,835 (2015)

Total area 331,210 km²

Language Vietnamese (official), English (as a second language), some French, Chinese, and

Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian).

GPD (per capita) 2015 USD $5,600 (2014)

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Vietnam

• Compulsory education 6 – 14

• National University Entrance Exam for

access to HE

• Gifted schools

• Competitive entry to HE

• Uniform grading system for all levels (0-

10)

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Vietnam – Market information

• Government focused on improving quality standards in education

• Young population – 45% are 25 years old or younger

• Total tertiary enrolment more than tripled between 2000 and 2013, from 732,187

students in 2000 to 2.25 million in 2013

• The forecast suggests that total enrolment could exceed 4 million students by

2020.

• Over 90% Vietnamese students abroad are self – funded

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Vietnam – Market information

Top destinations in 2013

1 Australia – 26,015 students, up 15.3% over 2012

2. US – 19,591 students, up 25.8% over 2012

3. Japan – 13,328

4. China – 13,000

5. Singapore – 10,000

6. France – 6,700

7. Taiwan – 6,000

8. UK – 5,118

9. Russia – 5,000

10. Germany – 4,600

•

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Vietnam – Market information

• Deciding factors :

cost and value

job placement

post-graduation opportunities

• Financial assistance is a key in recruiting and enrolling Vietnamese students

• Smaller cities (in terms of population) like Hanoi can offer more prospective

students than bigger cities like Ho Chi Minh City

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Vietnam : Upper Secondary School

Graduation Diploma

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Vietnam: Upper Secondary School Graduation

Diploma

• The upper secondary exam

consists of 4 subjects (6 before

2014):

Literature

Mathematics

2 elective subjects chosen by the

student

• Students who graduate from

upper secondary school may take

the National University Entrance

Exam for access to HE

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Vietnam: Bachelor degree

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Vietnam: Bachelor degree

• 120 credits (150-180) 10 for thesis

• Teaching largely classroom based

• Transcripts do not state if the degree

has been awarded, so proof of

graduation will be required

• Grading system: 0-10, pass mark 5

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Vietnam: Bachelor degree

• 120 credits (150-180) 10 for thesis

• Teaching largely classroom based

• Transcripts do not state if the degree

has been awarded, so proof of

graduation will be required

• Grading system: 0-10, pass mark 5

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Using UK NARIC

• International Comparisons (IC)

• International Grades Comparisons (IGC)

• Counter Fraud Check Service

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UK NARIC Counter Fraud Checks: 2008-2015

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UK NARIC Counter Fraud Checks: 2008-2015

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Additional tools: Transparency International-

corruption index

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Additional tools: Ranking

1. CWTS Leiden Ranking (Mean Normalized Citation Score)

1. Shanghai Jiao Tong Academic Ranking of World Universities

3. QS World University Rankings

3. THE World University Rankings

Large number of institutions from Asia listed in all 4 rankings

Japan

China

Hong Kong

South Korea

Singapore

Taiwan

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Rankings

• Students/parents choice - competitive post-graduates

• Scholarships only to an institution that is in the top 100

• Points criteria for skilled migration based on degrees acquired from one of the

top 200 ranked universities

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Key points to remember...

• Growing markets

• Young population and growing (by 2020, just four countries – India, China, US

and Indonesia – will account for over half of the world’s 18–22 population)

• Increasing literacy rate

• High demand for foreign degrees

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Thank You for Your Attention

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