self-regulation strategies for school-age children
DESCRIPTION
Brief, practical framework for addressing Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive skills for increased Self-regulation.TRANSCRIPT
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ENGAGING STRATEGIES
by Brad Chapin LCP, LMLP
FOR SOCIAL,
EMOTIONAL
ANDBEHAVIOR
ALISSUES
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Overview
Framework Assumptions Categories Strategies Individualized or Small Group
Curriculum
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What’s it All About? Time Constraints Limited Resources Need to Show Outcomes Changing, Challenging &
Complex Populations Abundance of Research &
Information Choosing an Intervention DO MORE WITH LESS
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Question
What are the issues you find yourself working with? What are the most common? What are the most challenging? What is a current situation that you’re
struggling with?
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Importance of a Framework
When you have a solid Framework: Efficiency Efficacy Evidence-base
When you don’t: Confusion Frustration Failure
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Cognitive-behavioral Psychology
Provides Evidence Base
Self-RegulationStrategies
Physical, Emotional, CognitiveRegulation Skill Domains
Self-regulation Training Framework
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Academic Performance Emotional Control MotivationAggression/Violence Executive Function School SafetyAnger Impulse Control Self-efficacyAnxiety Learned Helplessness Self-esteemAttention Locus of Control Social InteractionAttribution Longevity SuccessCognitive Flexibility Happiness TraumaDepression Oppositional Defiance Well-being
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That Solid Evidence-base Really Needs to be SOLID
Cognitive-behavioral psychology Has taken the best from both worlds
Behaviorism Cognitive Psychology
Now over 450 Randomized Studies indicating the efficacy of CBT
Next Step is to APPLY it…..
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What do you mean by Self-regulation Training?
Broadly defined Skill-building Scaffolding Learning to regulate one’s own Physical,
Emotional, and Cognitive processes in healthy, pro-active ways to be successful
Healthy, adaptive and “appropriate” responding to internal and external events
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“The Missing Link”Between Behavior & Academic
Performance
Behavior Academics Self-regulation
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Self-regulation & Academic Performance
Duckworth, A.L., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychological Science, 16(12), 939-944.
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Self-regulation and Life Expectancy
Dr. Grossarth-Maticek's Longitudinal Experiment http://www.attitudefactor.com/srexper.htm
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Advantages of the Self-regulation Training Framework Does More With Less – Academics &
Social/Emotional Brief intervention model Provides Solid Evidence Base Simple Three-step process Easily incorporates your favorite
interventions and strategies Flexible Lends itself to individualized plans© 2010 Chapin Psychological Services, LLC www.cpschallenge.com [email protected]
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Assumptions of this Framework
Children will do well if they can (Green & Ablon, 2006).
One must be physically calm to effectively engage in problem-solving and learning (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908).
Human beings have little control over their environment, but a great deal of control over their responses to their environment (Ellis, 1962).
The relationship is likely the most important variable when trying to help someone change (Hubble, Duncan & Miller, 1999).
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Assumptions of this Framework
Cognitive-behavioral psychology works (Beck & Fernandez, 1998; Butler, Chapman, Forman & Beck, 2006).
Effective Self-regulation is critical for success and happiness (Baumeister, Heatherton, & Tice, 1994; Duckworth & Seligman, 2005; Masten & Coatsworth, 1998).
In order to be effective, we need to meet children where they are currently functioning (Greene, 2006; Bailey, 2001).
Do not assume that children have learned anything about how to regulate their own behaviors in a healthy way.
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Three Functional Categories of Self-regulation Skill Training
Physical
Emotional
Cognitive
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Physical Regulation When Physical response is triggered:
Lower Brain is in command Higher thinking not engaged Body is ready for action Performance requiring thought is
compromised Learning is decreased Problem-solving is decreased Yelling, screaming, pushing, hitting, kicking,
biting, throwing things, spitting, “shutting down”, etc.
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Physical Regulation Goals of Physical Strategies:
Moderate the Fight/Flight/Shut-down ; Autonomic system Move back “up” from the brain-stem Return body to baseline
Physical Strategies include: Repetitive movements Stretching Change of physical position Breathing Relaxation Distraction Biofeedback Can take advantage of Imagination and Visualization –
Suggestion, Association© 2010 Chapin Psychological Services, LLC www.cpschallenge.com [email protected]
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Emotional Regulation Goals of Emotional Strategies:
Accurately identify emotions; our own and those of others
Own and accept responsibility for our feelings
Expressing feelings in healthy, appropriate ways
Emotional Strategies Include: Labeling Expression training Responsibility for feelings
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Cognitive Regulation Goals of Cognitive regulation:
Problem-solving skills Engaging higher cortical areas of the brain Planning and organization skills Insight and Understanding
Cognitive Strategies include: Specific training to problem areas Insight-oriented teaching to promote
understanding Learning about his/her own patterns of
behavior© 2010 Chapin Psychological Services, LLC www.cpschallenge.com [email protected]
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Johnny 10-year-old boy Often disruptive in class with frequent anger outbursts When angry, he stays agitated for over an hour and
continues to struggle in class Can be triggered by other students or the teacher believes that “things have to be a certain way or else”
and it is obvious that he does not believe he has control over his actions and he believes that others “make” him angry and can be openly defiant
Grades are C’s and D’s and cognitive abilities are average for his age
Single-parent home with similar behaviors being reported at home
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BehaviorsTo Address
1st Rating(1-10)
Strategy Used
(See Matrix)
Response OutcomeRating(1-10)
PhysicalRecognizes physical
signsExplosive outbursts,
poor recognition 2
Uses healthy calming strategies
successfully
Stays escalated for extended periods,
Needs development
1
EmotionalIdentifies feelings Only Anger, Needs
development 1
Recognizes responsibility and ability to change
Blames others 2
Expresses Emotions in healthy ways
Yells, throws things, hits others
Needs development1
CognitiveReplaces Unhealthy
thoughts with healthy beliefs
Confused, thinks others are against himNeeds development
1
Uses Cognitive strategies to
problem-solve
Needs development1
Strengths: Likes music, smart, has friends, good at sports
Barriers: Rigid thinking, anger has built up, difficult to build rapport with
Johnny’s Baseline Assessment
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Creating an Individualized Planfor Change
1. Complete baseline assessment2. Select Physical, Emotional and
Cognitive Strategies to match child’s interests and behaviors
3. Engage child and parents if possible4. Sell the change
- Simple- Just a few meetings
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Session 1 Introduction and Contract Physical Strategy
“My Warning Signs” One of the first steps in diffusing emotional upset
is successful recognition of the physical changes that take place in the body.
Assign homework: At the next session, the child will give two examples of situations when he/she was able to recognize his warning signs.
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One of the first steps in diffusing emotional upset is successful recognition of the physical changes that take place in the body.
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My Warning SignsMy Warning Signs
Common Warning signs Draw Yourself Here
1. Upset stomach
2. Headache
3. Clinched fists
4. Loud voice
5. Red face
6. Restless, fidgety, twitchy
7. Heart beating faster or louder
8. ___________________________
9. ___________________________
10. ___________________________
How I Calm down when these changes happen:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Session 2 Quickly review the homework assignment from Session 1. Continuing to focus on the Physical skills, complete the
Melting Freeze strategy together. Introduce the child to the Cooling the Flame (paper or
online version) exercise and make a plan for this strategy to be available to the child if he/she needs to use it.
Process the differences and the similarities in the two
calming techniques. Assign homework: Practice Melting Freeze two times before
the next session. © 2010 Chapin Psychological Services, LLC www.cpschallenge.com [email protected]
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Children who do not regulate well have difficulty calming down physically when they are upset.
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Melting FreezeMelting Freeze Worksheet
“Pretend your muscles are like water. Now we are going to change the form of our muscles to frozen (tense) like ice and then back to melted (relaxed) like water.”
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Session 3 The focus for the next two sessions is on feelings identification,
emotional controllability and expression
Quickly review the homework assignment from the last session.
Complete Feelings Clipart together. Help the child recognize feelings other than Anger that he may
be experiencing. Assign homework: Ask the child to bring in one example of a
time where he recognized his warning signs, identified the feeling(s), and used a calming technique.
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Session 4 Quickly review and process the homework assignment from the
last session.
Complete the Emotional Knots strategy together. Discuss how important it is to be able to express our feelings.
Complete the Free Healthy Expression strategy together to identify appropriate outlets with the child.
Introduce child to the Challenge Software Program Scenarios
Assign homework: Be prepared to report one time that you were able to express Anger/Frustration in a healthy way.
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Session 5 The goal for the next two sessions is to increase
awareness and problem-solving strategies. Keep in mind that some children may not be
developmentally ready for this stage.
Quickly review and process the homework assignment from the last session.
Complete Blank Thought Strategy
Complete 2 or 3 Scenarios on the Challenge Software Program
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Session 6 Identify a Cognitive Strategy specific to the child’s
identified problem areas
Complete the Defiance Trap strategy
If time allows, select a 3rd Cognitive strategy that relates to the child’s situation or let him interact with the Challenge Software Program, suggest a scenario.
Assign homework: Ask the child to teach a Physical calming exercise to another person.
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Children struggling with self-regulation often have difficulty complying with rules and limits. A critical part of self-regulation is understanding that one’s own actions can dictate the amount of freedom they are granted by parents, teachers and others in authority.
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Defiance Trap Defiance Trap Worksheet
First, draw yourself in the trap below.
Next, list the Freedoms or Privileges you would like to earn:
1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________
Write in thoughts or rule-breaking behaviors that are keeping you from reaching your goals:
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Session 7 The final two sessions focus on putting all of the self-regulation
skills together and reinforcing the new behaviors.
Role-play two of the following Events together. You can use an Event Processing Worksheet as a guide: You are not picked for a team to play in a game at recess and
have to sit out Another child laughs at you for dropping your books on the floor A child bumps into you while lining up for lunch You were told “No” when you asked to do something
It’s important to role-play through each of the strategies selected to insure that the child is able to identify the physical, emotional and cognitive strategies he/she chooses to use. Monitor how the child progresses through each strategy. This will give you valuable information about what concepts may need to be reviewed.
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Session 8 Use the Event Processing Worksheet to process the real life example
situation. Encourage the child to lead as much as he/she is able to.
Draw specific attention to the Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive strategies the child decides to implement to cope with the situation. Transfer the child’s favorite strategies to the My Self-regulation Strategies worksheet for the child to use as a quick reference.
Discuss the progress the child has made over the past few weeks. Complete the Self-regulator Certificates and celebrate the success.
Make plans to touch base over the next few weeks to review continued progress. Complete the Assessment Tool to re-assess progress by re-rating problem areas. WOULD THEY BE A GOOD LEADER FOR YOUR NEXT GROUP?
Complete Assessment
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BehaviorsTo Address
1st Rating(1-10)
Strategy Used
(See Matrix)
Response OutcomeRating(1-10)
PhysicalRecognizes physical signs Explosive outbursts, poor
recognition 2My Warning Signs Completed first week,
continue to practice 8
Uses healthy calming strategies successfully
Stays escalated for extended periods, Needs development
1 Cooling the Flame, Melting Freeze
Mastered after 3 weeks, Calms down much
quicker7
EmotionalIdentifies feelings Only Anger, Needs development 1 Feelings Clip Art
& Free Healthy Expression
Much better at labeling and expression
8
Recognizes responsibility and ability to change
Blames others 2 You Can’t Make Me Laugh & Challenge Software
Enjoyed activity, and asks to use computer
program
8
Expresses Emotions in healthy ways
Yells, throws things, hits othersNeeds development 1
Free Healthy Expression Will process when calm, not yelling or hitting
7
CognitiveReplaces Unhealthy thoughts
with healthy beliefsConfused, thinks others are
against himNeeds development
1Blank Thought
Challenge SoftwareLearning impact of
thoughts on emotions/behaviors
7
Uses Cognitive strategies to problem-solve
Oppositional and Defiant,Needs development 1
Defiance Trap Processes well after, working on predicting
ahead of time
5
Strengths: Likes computers, smart, has friends, good at sports Barriers: Rigid thinking, anger has built up, difficult to build rapport with
Johnny’s Assessment after 8 sessions:
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Strategies
Anger & Aggression
Anxiety &Worry
Self-esteem & Sadness
Social Interaction & Bullying
Oppositional & Impulse
Control
PHYSICAL
Cooling the FlameS R R S
Melting Freeze S S R S
Warning Signs S S S R S
Take a Hike S S R S S
I am Safe R S R S
Animal StretchesS S R
EMOTIONAL
You Can’t Make Me Laugh S S S R
Feelings Clip Art S S S
The Emotional Safe S S S
Emotional Rain Gauge S S R
Emotional Knots S S S S REmotional Balloon
S R R R
Free Emotional Expression S S S S S
COGNITIVE
Don’t Take the Bait S R S S
Defiance Trap S S
Blank Thought S S S
The Domino Effect S S S S S
Magnetic Thoughts R S S R
Target Practice S S S R
Problem/Strategy MatrixS = Specifically designed to target problem areaR = Related and useful for problem area
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Collaborative Information
Challenge Software www.cpschallenge.com
Psych Challenge Blog http://psychchallenge.blogspot.com
Brad’s Email [email protected]
Facebook – search Challenge Software Twitter id = chapin55
© 2010 Chapin Psychological Services, LLC www.cpschallenge.com [email protected]