Semester 1 TEST REVIEW

This is a comprehensive test review

• This is a review over the info. that we have covered in this first semester of biology.• Therefore: I cannot guarantee we’ll

cover EVERY question on the final. • Test questions will not go in order

of chapters on the actual test.

Details to add to your review sheet…

• Page numbers are given on several slides to help you to quickly find the information that you may want to review.

• Use them as needed.• Write down additional information as we

discuss and go over each topic.• Ask questions about information that you don’t

remember, want clarification on, but wait for the slide to finish first please.

The details…

• 110 mult. choice questions

• You may use 1 side of a piece of notebook paper, 8 1/2 x 11 inches as a “cheat sheet”

• Your cheat sheet must be handwritten, (not typed), have your name on it, and will need to be turned in with your test.

Ch. 1• What is the goal of science? To understand the ___________ around you.

• Scientific Method1. State the problem2.Make Hypothesis3.Experiment4.Collect and record data5.Come to a conclusion

• Experiment–Control Group- •Stays the same–Experimental Group•(variable), it’s what changes

*Measurements (basic units) p. 14 • Length –m• Mass- kg• Volume- L• Temp- degrees C

*Study prefixes, metric system*Metric system is based on powers of…

10

Lab SafetyInside cover of your book, go over

Single most important rule is…

• Follow the teachers directions.

Characteristics of Life•Made of cell(s)•Reproduce•Growth•Use energy•Respond to stimuli

Homeostasis• Known as the _______________ __________.

• Ex. Water levels Blood sugar level

Body temp.

Need to know…•Observation•Theory•Hypothesis•Ethical vs. Unethical behavior in science

Ch. 2

•Chunk words- to get the meaningEx. Zoology (zoo=animal, ology=study of)

Branches of biology

•Nanotechnology p. 34•Biomimetics p. 35•Genetic Engineering p. 33–Ex. Bt corn, you can use less… pesticides

Branches of bio. (cont.)•Assistive Technology p. 32•Battlefield medicine p.32•Biomolecular materials p. 35

p.30-31 Low Tech solution for Cholera

• Read over the info. on p. 30 for Health in the 21st Century.

• A sari is mentioned on the test, know what it is and how it is used.

• P. 31, look over the info. on vaccinations.

How have vaccinations changed our world population?

•Microscopes–Compound light-(we use these)–Electron microscopes- • T.E.M.- bounces electrons off an

object• S.E.M. -a scanning beam of electrons

moves back and forth

Ch. 3 Properties of Matter

• Characteristic by which they are identified• Should describe to the 5 senses• Describe physical properties,

length, mass, volume

• Physical and Chemical properties;

–Physical, can be observed and measured–Chemical, when a substance is permanently altered.

• Structure of ATOM Nucleus

- protons (positive)-neutrons (neutral)

Energy levels - electrons (negative)

Atom cont.*Atomic Number= number of protons

= number of electrons too!

*Mass number= # of protons + # of neutrons = p+n

?-What is the smallest particle that can still be identified as an element?

• Elements and Compounds E- Pure, made of only 1 type of atom C-Made of 2 or more elements p. 51-52

• Radioactive isotope- used in medicine Isotope = different number of neutrons Radioactive= Greater tha n 83 on periodic table are radioactive.

• Chemical Reactions–Any process where a chemical change

occurs–Usually use equation…

Ex. O2 + 2H2 2H2O

Know the reactants and products:

R P

Ch. 3 Properties Of Water

• When water freezes it expands• It is a bent molecule; + on one end, - on

other–This makes it good as dissolving–“Universal Solvent”

BENT WATER MOLECULE

In the human body, nearly 60 % is water

• Mixtures -2 or more substances mixed

but not chemically combined. -Ex. Soil, air, salad• Solutions-solute dissolved by

solvent - Ex. Salt water, sugar water

Acids & Bases• Acids, give off H+

-low numbers• Bases, give off OH- -high numbers

pH Scale

Stronger Acids 1, 2, 3 7 10, 11 14 Stronger Bases Neutral (Ex. Water)

• Organic vs. InorganicO- If it has carbon (is or was

alive) I- If it doesn’t have carbon,

wasn’t ever alive

Note: Carbon is reactive, so bonds very well.

4 Compounds of Life

1.Carbohydrates (sugars)p.60

Monomer=monosaccharides Polymer = Polysaccharide *Give you energy

2. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes)p.61 Store energy

Chemical messengers Form membranes

3.Proteins p.62 Monomer= Amino Acid Polymer=polypeptide Ex. AA+AA = Dipeptide,

AA+AA+AA=Tripeptide*Enzymes are proteins, proteins

help cells move

4.Nucleic Acids p.63 (RNA & DNA) Monomer=Nucleotide* Job is to store hereditary

info., or to be the blue prints for a new organism.

Ch. 5 Populations & communities

Know terms:• Population p. 103• Carrying capacity p.105• Exponential growth p. 104– J-shaped– graph example is the human population

• Logistic Growth p. 105 – S-shaped

Abiotic vs. Biotic

• Abiotic =Non living

• Biotic = Living

Human Population…

•Has now exceeded– 6 billion*As of 1/7/11 6.89 billion

RelationshipsKnow terms & examples for each:

Predator, preyCo-evolutionParasite, host

SymbiosisMutualism

CommensalismKeystone species

More terms to know…

• Niche• Fundamental niche(where it

COULD survive)• Realized niche (where it actually

DOES survive)

Ch. 7 Cells

Cell Theory -All cells come from cells -Cells are basic unit of life -All living things are made

of cells.

Scientists p. 151

-Van Leeuwenhoek, first microscope -Hooke, named the cell -Schleiden, all plants made of cells -Schwann, all animals made of cells -Virchow, all cells come from cells

• Cell Structure (found in MOST cells)

-Nucleus -Cytoplasm -Cell membrane• Prokaryote= no nucleus

(bacteria)• Eukaryote= has a nucleus

• Organelles (p. 156) Smooth ER-transport system Rough ER -has ribosomes on it,

makes and transports proteins too. Mitochondria-power house Golgi apparatus- packages, sorts

and sends substances

• Nucleus-nuclear envelope (covering) -nucleolus-made of RNA & proteins -chromosomes(made up of DNA)

Plant vs. Animal Cell*cell wall *lysosome

*Chloroplast *lg. water vacuole *plastids

• Diffusion-molecules move from high to low concentration.–Osmosis, diffusion of water

–Hypotonic, low amount of solute–Hypertonic, high amount of solute–Isotonic, equal amount of solute in

& outside cell

*Facilitated diffusion-NO energy used

Ex. Sodium/Potassium pump, pumps K+ into the cell and Na out of the cell.

*Active transport-uses energy-Pinocytosis=“cell drinking”-Phagocytosis=“cell eating”

Ch. 9 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

• 3 Scientists Van Helmont Priestly Ingenhous

• CO2+H2O C6H12O6+ O2

• Know where this occurs– Thylakoid=Light Reaction– Stroma= Dark Reaction

• Light Reaction • Uses: H2O Produces: O2

ADP ATP-(fuels Dk.Rxn) NADP+ NADPH(fuels Dk.

Rxn)

*Dark Reaction a.k.a. “Calvin Cycle” p. 206

*Glycolysis –Where does this occur?CYTOPLASM

-End product is pyruvic acid/pyruvate

•Cellular Respiration p.208–Occurs in mitochondria• Fermentation p.212–No oxygen=anaerobic–2 kinds•Lactic acid & Alcoholic