seminar # 1: marine invertebrate classification. standard classification developed by carolus...
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Seminar # 1:
Marine Invertebrate Classification
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Standard ClassificationDeveloped by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th centuryOrganizes organisms into groups and subgroups based on evolutionary relationshipsOften revised when new relationships are discovered (DNA evidence)
Example: Pseudocalanus spp.
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Classification levels:Kingdom (broad)PhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies (specific)
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Marine InvertebratesKingdom: AnimalMarine Invertebrates are those animals that do not have a backbone and include:
Phylum PoriferaPhylum CnidariaPhylum CtenophoraPhylum MolluscaPhylum AnnelidaPhylum ArthropodaPhylum BryzoaPhylum Echinodermata
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Phylum Porifera (Sponges)Animals that form encrusting colonies that attach themselves to underwater objectsThey have a porous structure (Spongebob Squarepants is an example)Seawater is pumped through its body by flagella (microscopic filaments)Body is supported by a skeletal framework composed of tiny needlelike structures called spicules
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Examples of Phylum Porifera:
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Phylum Cnidaria (stinging jellies)
Either attached to an underwater object or free swimming/floatingGelatinous body that is usually umbrella shaped or bell shapedThe tentacles of this phylum all have stinging cells
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Examples of Phylum Cnidaria:
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Phylum Ctenophora (non-stinging jellies)
Free swimming or floatingClear gelatinous bodies with rows of comb-like plates made of cilia (small hairs) that help to move the jelly aroundNo stinging cellsAlso called comb jellies
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Examples of Phylum Ctenophora:
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Phylum MolluscaFocus on Classes Gastropoda and BivalviaGastropods have a single shell (coiled or uncoiled)Bivalves have two shells (valves) joined by a hinge
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Examples of Gastropods:
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Examples of Bivalves:
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Phylum AnnelidaFocus on Class Polychaeta (Under the microscope these look like worms with a walrus beard)Sometimes hard to identify (some require a microscope to distinguish)Worms that are segmented (divided into ring-like sections) and have bristles (setae) on each segment
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Examples of Phylum Annelida:
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Phylum ArthropodaFocus on Classes Merostomata and Crustacea“Joint-legged” with an external skeletonClass Merostomata = horseshoe crabs!Crustaceans are gill breathingPrimarily aquatic2 pairs of antennae and 4 or more pairs of legs and/or claws Includes zooplankton!!!
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Examples of Merostomata:
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Examples of Crustacea:
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Phylum BryzoaHighly branched Can be calcified or soft Forms crusts that cover a surfaceTend to be a common fouling organism (meaning it grows on boat hulls, mooring lines, pilings, lobster pots, and other hard objects)
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Examples of Phylum Bryzoa:
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Phylum EchinodermataSpiny-skinned Usually rounded with bodies separated into 5 partsHave been known to scrub the sea floor of all organisms (some are extremely predatory)Includes sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars, and sea cucumbers
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Examples of Phylum Echinodermata:
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Phylum Chordata (not invertebrates!)
Bag-like creatures often mistaken for invertebratesTheir larvae (young) start out like tadpoles with gills, a backbone, and a nerve cord…like usOften mistaken for sea anemonesIncludes tunicates and sea squirts
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Examples of Phylum Chordata: