Claude Rochet

Urban lifecycle management :

A research program for smart

government of smart cities

Prof. Claude Rochet

Claude.rochet@univ-amu.fr

http://claude-rochet.fr

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Roskilde Universitet21/12/2015

What means “Smart”= presence of a learning feedback loop

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Action Effect

feedbackfrom 0,0001sec. to a génération

Sensors

Data

TreatmentInterpretation

Usage

Decision

Technologies

Social sciences

Iconomy

When speaking of smart cities, what does it means?

Efficient urbanization

Inclusive urbanization

Sustainable urbanization

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Complex System Architecture: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?

System Integration: Granting people the same capacity to interact and have control over the urban system

Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis, resilience, scalability, innovation coordination

The smart city and the temptation of the totalitarian utopia

• Utopia= A perfect city

in a perfect world

1896

1517

1623

1898

Are IT the new totalitarian utopia?

What a smart city can’t be

• A collection of « smarties »

• A techno centric city

• A city without past

• A deterministic system

Smart city => Smart territory

Modeling a smart city: an imperfect city in an imperfect world

• A dead end: The temptation of

the ideal city : XX century

garden cities, techno-centric

approaches Masdar, Songdo…

• A city is a living system

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What modelling means?

The Lego game:

• The construction is based on

standardized building blocks

• No two figures are alike

• These blocks are structured in

patterns: recurrent problems +

improved solutions + rules of

integration using semantic + syntax

• The final result in an integration

which is specific to needs and

specifications

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Definition: A pattern is a stable and reusable configuration, including physical elements in relation with their environment,…. Which solves a problem integrating on a non conflicting way all the constraints... Is a system of forces

Exemple: Multi functions mail box

Recevoir son courrier Poster tout type

de courrier sans se déplacer

Trajet < 10’ AR sans véhicule à moteur

Recevoir un recommandé en son absence

Améliorer la rapidité des tournées et l’exactitude de la distribution

BAL multifonctions

Tournée

21/12/2015

Claude Rochet

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:

A three steps approach

• Strategic analysis

• Inventorying the functions

• Integrating the ecosystem

• Strategic alignment

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Must do

May do

How to do it?

Vision

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:1- Strategic analysis

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Why building a city & what are the strategic goals? Who

are the stakeholders?

What are the generic functions to be performed by

a smart city?

With which organs? Technical devices, software…

With which smart people?

Conception, metamodel framework, steering

Subsystems and processes

People and tools

Why designing this ecosystem?Who will live in the city?What are its activities?

How the city will be fed?Where the city is located ? (context)

What are the functions to be performed to reach the goals and how do they interact?

With which organs and ressources?

How people will interact with the artifacts?

How civic life will organize?

Claude Rochet

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:2- Inventorying the “building blocks”

11/09/201412

Issues

• Defining “smartness”and “sustainability”

• Wealth creation• Finance and taxes• Controlling pollution• Equilibrium center –

periphery• Migrations• Poverty• Education• Health• Crime• Segregation (social

and spatial)• Leisure• Quality of life• How people interact

with people and artifacts?

• The New Business Models:

• Public

• Private

• Project management

• Institutional arrangements

• The day to day decision making process in an evolutionary perspective

• Empowerment

• Direct democracy

• Government

• Governance

• Project management

• Social innovation

• The state as a system engineer

• Mastering ULM

Functions

• Work• Budgeting• Transportation• Feeding• Caring• Protecting• Securing• Housing policy• Education• Leisure• Social benefits• Health care

system• Migrations

control

Resources

• Energy• Water• Data• Digital Systems• Traditions• Sociology• Technologies as

enablers and enacters

• Culture and traditions

• Institutions and public organizations

• Process modeling• Software• Tech providers• Open innovation

Capabilities

Claude Rochet

11/09/201413

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:3- Integration of the building blocks

Soft domains Hard domains

SMART city

TransportationIndustry

WorkHousing

Sanitation

EnergyWater

Waste recycling

Public services Health care

Civic life Leisure

Education Social integration

Go

ver

nm

ent

Eco

no

my

Institutional scaffolding

Social life

Periphery

City

Territory

Commercial exchanges

Food

Problems in smart cities ecosystem modeling

Hard systems may

be models thanks

to the laws of

physics

(conservative

systems)

Soft systems can’t

be modeled with

the laws of physics

(dissaptive

systems)

- Social siences

- Big data- Multi-agents

modeling

The key of the

success is here…

… while

business is there

System integration, a key

competency to be developed

How does integration works?Conceiving organic autopoeitic systems

NO! An evolutionary process

Integration process is bottom-up…… based on ordinary interactions

We must understand how ordinary people behave

Q: Is there an architect with a master plan?

Bottom up patterns integration: social intelligence

A smart city as an autopoetic

ecosystem must be designed as

an imperfect city in an

imperfect world able to reframe

itself according to the evolution of

its environment.

Integration is not made once and

for all but is a permanent

process all along the urban

lifecycle. A smart integration is

made according the ends of the

city and must be citizen

centered and not techno

centered.

smartphoneWiredphone

Wifi Lifi

A human connectedeverywhere

Integrating patterns bottom-up frombasic to complex functions

Démultiplier les fonctions d’un objet urbain par les usages

Optimiser la polyvalence des ressources énergie et données

Rendre le déplacement sûr, ludique et pertinent

Fortifier le lien social par les nouvelles connexions

Tout bâti et tout service doit être conçu de manière modulaire et évolutive pour gérer les cycles d’innovation

Mobilier urbain multifonction

Consommer juste

BAL multifonction

Contrôle commande de l’énergie électrique

Traitement de la donnée

Recréer de la proximité grâce à l’Internet

Intégrer les cycles d’innovation

The case of

Functionnalpatterns

Techno organicpatterns

In / out

Urban ecosystem : three perimeters:

first the city itself where the synergies and interactions are the

stronger and have the most “eco” properties.

Second the periphery: one may refer here to the model defined by

Thünen representing the city with a succession of concentric

rings going from the highest increasing return activities at the

center city to decreasing return activities at the periphery.

third is the external environment with witch the city exchanges

Ville: synergies les plus fortesVille: synergies les plus

fortesVille: synergies les

plus fortes

Ville: synergies les plus fortes

Ville: synergies les plus fortes

Services à forte V.A

Activités primaires

à faible V.A

Rendements

croissants

décroissants

Defining metrics to measure the global balance of the ecosystem

• Integrating imported

pollution, energy waste….

produced by a

dysfunctional

ecosystem

• Is the city really green?

The research program

Claude Rochet

A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem: ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©)

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Ma

turi

ty o

f ec

osy

ste

mic

pro

pe

rtie

s

Development

From history, social intelligence, idea, to framework Integrating off-the-

shelves innovation

Functional integration

Technical integration

Designing the engineering ecosystem

Project management

City 1.0

Gathering data and understanding ecosystem evolution

Evaluating, correcting and upgrading

Sustainable City 1.0

Integrating innovation

City 2.0

Risk of collapse

Losing ecosystemic properties

Permanent improvement

Financial governance

Socio political cycle

Innovation cycle

New City

The integration of disciplines

Social intelligence & social capital

Complex systems architecture

Complex projects management

Analytics, big data & software code

Direct democracy

PLM integration

Managing resilience

Datafication

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Legacy: How the city has evolved in the past

•Hard data: statistics•Soft data: human memory=> understanding the technological trajectory and social capital

Present and future: Understanding how the city is evolving

•Observatory for hard and soft data•Big dataUnderstanding the present behavior=> Evaluating the scalability and resilience, improving social capital

Requisites for a successful integration

• Common standards

for data => Chief Data

Officers

• Common standards

for building: BIM

• Vivere politico as

permanent integrative

process

Integrating PLM

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Innovation within building blocks has different speeds

With smart networks innovation cycles are connected:(before, no): a permanent challenge

The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad, useful/unusual, improve/kill

Power to technology or to citizens?

Correlations => Induction

Deduction =>Hypotheses

Where is the brain?

Existing knowledge

Resilience: avoiding the trap of the self contained city and preventing collapse

Thresholds

System out of orderNormal

Specific and foreseen

Unforeseen catastrophes

Source : Christian Morel

The city as an HRO

Improving social capital, bottom-up vs. top-down: The case of Christchurch (NZ)

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Citizen produce ideas

Producing and structuring ideas

Integration of disciplines

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Lev

els

of

com

ple

xit

y

City

Functions

Citizens

Complex systems engineering

Extended P.A Political philosophy

Complex system

modeling

Interaction and synergies

Social networks and interactions

Overlaps and interactions

Common good as an emergence and

structuring finality

Ends and means of wealth creation

Civic implication

PolycentricGovce

The research and training program

• Integrating and upgrading into smart

cities issues the basics of complex

systems architecture as a basic

baggage for SC stake holders

• Learning by doing: Applied research

to the building of pilot projects

• Convergence of disciplines:

engineering, social sciences, urban

sociology, system architecture, political

philosophy, complex decision making

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Merci!

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Thank you!