seminar report on red tacton
TRANSCRIPT
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SEMINAR REPORT ON RED TACTON
Table of Contents
S. No. Contents Page No.
1 Abstract 2
2 Introduction 3
3 How it works?? 7
4 Mechanism of redtracton 10
5 Redtracton transciever 13
6 Functional features 147 Human networking 15
8 Working procedure 19
9 Applications 21
10 Comparison with other networks 27
11 Prototype devices 32
12 Drawbacks 35
13 Future development 36
14 Conclusion 37
15 References 38
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ABSTRACT
RedTacton is a Human Area Networking technology, which is
under development that uses the surface of the human body as a safe, high
speed network transmission path. It is completely distinct from wireless and
infrared technologies as it uses the minute electric field emitted on the
surface of the human body.
RedTacton enables the first practical Human Area Network
between body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices
embedded in the environment via a new generation of user interface based
on totally natural human actions such as touching, holding, sitting,
walking, or stepping on a particular spot. RedTacton can be used for
intuitive operation of computer-based systems in daily life, temporary one-
to-one private networks based on personal handshaking, device
personalization, security, and a host of other applications based on new
behavior patterns enabled by RedTacton.
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INTRODUCTION
At the end of 2002 the Japanese telecommunications group NTT had
announced that it would develop a new data transmission technology that
uses the conductive properties of the human body to exchange information
between electronic devices. With RedTacton the company has now scarcely
two and a half years later presented its first prototype of a Human Area
Network (HAN).
Japanese company Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT)
claims to have developed the first viable Human Area Network (HAN) device,
enabling fast data transfer between devices using the human body as a
conduit. NTT reckons this latest advance on the wireless Personal Area
Network concept - dubbed RedTacton- can transmit data over the surface of
the skin at up to 2Mbps. Where it differs, though, from previous offerings, is
that a RedTacton-enabled device does not have to be in direct contact with
the skin - only within about 20cm.
What is the need?
But did anyone think what is the need for this kind of technology because
wired and wireless transmissions have been tremendously successful andthere is no need for any new technology....Am i correct? Well, not totally
because wired and wireless transmissions have a lot of factors to contribute.
The main problem with these sort of transmission is the 'Packet Collision',
which has been a huge problem in the industry today. With this Packet
Collision there has been lot of disturbances and time delays in the packet
movement.The traffic from nodes and routers is not properly managed
thereby leading to disturbances and unsatisfaction
among users.
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So, there has been a need to develop a new technology.
Above Figure shows RED TACTON Device
Why this name 'Red Tacton'?
'Tacton' means an action that happens due to the touch.'T' refers to Touch
and 'acton' refers to the action and consequences that happens due to the
touch.'Red' is a color which conveys the meaning of warmth.
WHAT IS RED TACTON?
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Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, when networks
are seamlessly interconnected and information is always accessible at our
fingertips. Red- Warmth, T-Touch, Acton-Action stands for Red Tacton.
Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data, Red
Tacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission
medium. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) is pursuing
research and development of an innovative Human Area Networking
technology called Red Tacton that safely turns the surface of the human
body into a data transmission path at speeds up to 10 Mbps between any
two points on the body.
Using a novel electro-optic sensor, NTT has already developed a small
PCMCIA card-sized prototype Red Tacton transceiver. Red Tacton enables
the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered electronic
devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via
a new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions
such as touching, holding, sitting, walking, or stepping on a particular spot.
Red Tacton can be used for intuitive operation of computer-based systems
in daily life, temporary one-to-one private networks based on personal
handshaking, device personalization, security, and a host of other
applications based on new behavior patterns enabled by Red Tacton. NTT is
committed to moving Red Tacton out of the laboratory and into commercial
production as quickly as possible by organizing joint field trials with
partners outside the company.
Features
RedTacton has three main functional features:
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Touch - Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other
human movements can be the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting
or stopping equipment, or obtaining data.
Broadband and Interactive - Duplex, interactive communication is
possible at a maximum speed of 10Mbps. Because the transmission path
is on the surface of the body, transmission speed does not deteriorate in
congested areas where many people are communicating at the same
time.
Any media - In addition to the human body, various conductors and
dielectrics can be used as transmission media. Conductors anddielectrics may also be used in combination.
[Comparison with other network technologies
The focus on ubiquitous service has brought about the shortening of
distances in communication. RedTacton is positioned as the last 1m
solution to ultimate close-range communication. Wireless communication
creates connections when signals arrive, allowing for easy connections
because connectors are unnecessary. However, seen from another aspect,the arriving signals can be intercepted, so security becomes an issue. Wired
communication transmits data between two connection points, so
interception is difficult and security can be considered to be high. However,
connectors and cables are a nuisance. Taking the above points in account,
RedTacton is situated directly between wireless and wired communication.
In other words, RedTacton allows for easy connection without connectors,
while at the same time allowing transmission of data only between two
contact points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept.
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HOW IT WORKS?
Above Figure shows a person opening a door with the help of an REDTACTON device.
Above Figure shows how REDTACTON works
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CONCEPTS ON REDTACTON
However, they each have various fundamental technical limitations that
constrain their usage, such as the precipitous fall-off in transmission speed
in multi-user environments producing network congestion
1. Red Tacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the
human body. Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and
infrared.
2. A transmission path is formed at the moment when a part of the
human body comes in contact with a Red Tacton transceiver.
Physically separating ends the contact and thus ends the
communication.
3. Using Red Tacton, communication starts when terminals carried by
the user or embedded in devices are linked in various combinations
according to the user's natural, physical movements.
4. Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the
hands, fingers, arms, feet, face and legs. Red Tacton works through
shoes and clothing as well.
BASIC PRINCIPLE
The basic principles of RED TACTON are
1. The Red Tacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of
the body.
2. The Red Tacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the
surface of the body caused by the transmitter.
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3. Red Tacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an
electro-optic crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric
field.
4. Red Tacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic
crystal using a laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in an
optical receiver circuit.
Above Figure shows the working of the RED TACTON device over the
surface of our body. The transmitting RED TACTON device changes the
electric field on the surface of our body. This is sensed by the electric
field sensor and the variations are given to the receiving RED TACTON
device.
MECHANISM OF RED TACTON
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Data is received using a photonic electric field sensor that combines an
electro-optic crystal and a laser light to detect fluctuations in the minute
electric field. The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of
the human body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this electric field is
exceptionally faint and unstable.
The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric
fields to be measured by detecting changes in the optical properties of an
electro-optic crystal with a laser beam.
Figure shows the various electric fields on the surface of our body
induced by the RED TACTON device. Only a portion of the induced
electric field is sensed by the receiving RED TACTON device. The
remaining electric fields are dissipated to the ground.
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RedTacton is a new Human Area Networking technology thatuses the surface of the human body as a safe, high speed
network transmission path.
-RedTacton uses the minute electric fieldemitted on thesurface of the human body. Technically, it is completelydistinct from wireless and infrared.
- transmission path is formed at the moment a part of thehuman body comes in contact with a RedTacton transceiver.Physically separating ends the contact and thus endscommunication.
-Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminalscarried by the user or embedded in devices are linked invarious combinations according to the user's natural,physical movements.
-Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such asthe hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs ortorso. RedTacton works through shoes and clothing as well.
RedTacton can achieve duplex communication over the
human body at a maximum speed of 10 Mbps.
1. The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric fieldon the surface of the body
2. The electric field sensor (transistor or photonic electric fieldsensor) detects electric field that reachesthe RedTacton receiver.
3. Signals are processed in the receiver circuit and the data isdownloaded.
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REDTACTON TRANSCEIVER
Figure below shows the block diagram of a RED TACTON transceiver. The
signal from the interface is sent to the data sense circuit and the transmitter
circuit. The data sense circuit senses the signal and if the data is present it
sends control signal to the transmitter which activates the transmitter
circuit. The transmitter circuit varies the electric field on the surface of our
body. This change in the electric field is detected by the electro-optic sensor.
The output of the electro-optic sensor is given to the detector circuit, which
in turn given to the interface of the receiving RED TACTON device.
Block diagram of Red TACTON transceiver.
FUNCTIONAL FEATURES
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1. A communications path can be created with a simple touch,
automatically initiating the flow of data between a body-centric electronic
device and a computer that is embedded in the environment. For example,
two people equipped with Red Tacton devices could exchange data just by
shaking hands.
A wide range of natural human actions grasping, sitting down, walking, or
standing in a particular place can be used to trigger Red Tacton to start a
networked process.
2. Using a Red Tacton electro-optic sensor, two-way communication is
supported between any two points on the body at a throughput of up to 10
Mbps. Communication is not just confined to the surface of the body, but
can travel through the user's clothing to a Red Tacton device in a pocket or
through shoes to communicate with a Red Tacton device embedded in the
floor. Unlike wireless technologies, the transmission speed does not
deteriorate even in the presence of large crowds of people all communicating
at the same time in meeting rooms, auditoriums or stores. Because the body
surface is the transmission path, increasing the number of connected users
directly increases the available number of individual channels.
3. Red Tacton can utilize a wide range of materials as a transmission
medium, as long as the material is conductive and dielectric, which includes
water and other liquids, various metals, certain plastics, glass, etc.
Using ordinary structures such as tables and walls that are familiar and
readily available, one could easily construct a seamless communication
environment at very low cost using Red Tacton. (Note that constraints are
imposed by the length and environment of the propagating conductor, and
by the thickness of the dielectric.)
HUMAN NETWORKING
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In addition to the WANs (Internet) and LANs, there are applications best
served by Human Area Networks (HANs) that connect the last meter.
Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, where everything
is networked.
By making Human Area Networks feasible, RedTacton will enable ubiquitous
services based on human-centered interactions and therefore more intimate
and easier for people to use.
FEATURES
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1. TOUCH
Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other human movements
can be the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting or stopping equipment,
or obtaining data. Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals
carried by the user or embedded in devices are linked in various
combinations through physical contact according to the human's natural
movements.
2. BROADBAND & INTERACTIVE
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Duplex, interactive communication is possible at a maximum speed of
10Mbps. Because the transmission path is on the surface of the body,
transmission speed does not deteriorate in congested areas where many
people are communicating at the same time .Taking advantage of this speed,
device drivers can be downloaded instantly and execute programs can be
sent.
Above Figures shows difference between wireless LAN andRedtacton
3. ANY MEDIA
In addition to the human body, various conductors and dielectrics can be
used as transmission media. Conductors and dielectrics may also be used in
combination.
Dielectric conductors
(Signals pass through materials)
(Signals travel along surface)
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A communication environment can be created easily and at low-cost by
using items close at hand, such as desks, walls, and metal objects. But
there is one limitation on the length of the conductor to be propagated, on
installation locations, and on the thickness of the dielectric to be passed
through.
WORKING PROCEDURE
“RedTacton” takes a different technical approach. Instead of relying on
electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data.
• RedTacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a
transmission medium.
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• “RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an
electro-optic crystal vary according to the changes of a weak electric f ield”
• A RedTacton transmitter couples with extremely weak electric fields on the
surface of the body
• The weak electric fields pass through the body to a RedTacton receiver,
where the weak electric fields affects the optical properties of an electro-
optic crystal.
• The extent to which the optical properties are changed is detected by laser
light which is then converted to an electrical signal by a detector circuit.
Using a new super-sensitive photonic electric field sensor, Red Tacton canachieve duplex communication over the human body at a maximum speedof 10 mbps
The Red Tacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surfaceof the body. The Red Tacton receiver senses changes in the weak electricfield on the surface of the body caused by the transmitter . Red tacton reliesupon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal canvary according to the changes of a weak electric field. Red Tacton detectschanges in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal using a laser andconverts the result to an electrical signal in a optical receiver circuit. Thetransmitter sends data by inducing fluctuations in the minute electric fieldon the surface of the human body. Data is received using a photonic electric
field sensor that combines an electro-optic crystal and a laser light to detectfluctuations in the minute electric field.
The naturally occurring electric field induced on the surface of the human
body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this electric field is exceptionally
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faint and unstable. The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT
enables weak electric fields to be measured by detecting changes in the
optical properties of an electro-optic crystal with a laser beam.
APPLICATIONS
1. One to one services
With the ability to send attribute data from personal information devices
worn on the body to computers embedded in the environment, one-to-one
services could be implemented that are tailored to the individual needs of
the user.
2. Intuitive operation of personal information
Communication is triggered by totally natural human actions and behavior,
so there is no need to insert smart cards, connect cables, tune frequencies,
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or any of the other inconveniences usually associated with today's electronic
devices.
A simple handshake can transfer data.
3. Device personalization
Setup, registration, and configuration information for an individual user can
all be uploaded to a device the instant the device is touched, eliminating the
need for the device to be registered or configured in advance.
4. New behavior patterns
Tables, walls, floors and chairs can all act as conductors and dielectrics,
turning furniture and other architectural elements into a new class of
transmission medium. For example, a user could have instant access to the
Internet merely by placing a laptop onto a conductive tabletop.
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5. Marketing applications
When a consumer stands in front of an advertising panel, advertising and
information matching his or her attributes is automatically displayed. By
touching or standing in front of items they are interested in, consumers can
get more in-depth information.
A customer touching the advertising panel and getting information
about that advertisement through RED TACTON device
6. Security applications
Red Tacton could be installed on doors, cabinets and other locations calling
for secure access, such that each secure access could be initiated and
authenticated with a simple touch. At the same time, all the transaction
details and relevant user attributes (personal identity, security clearance,
etc.) could be logged by the security system.
The transmitting and receiving electrodes of the RedTacton transceiver are
completely covered with insulating film
When communication occurs, displacement current is generated by the
electrons in the body because the body is subjected to minute electrical
fields. However, such displacement currents are very common everyday
occurrences to which we are all subjected
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Intuitive Operations
Touch printer to print
Instantaneous private network via personal handshake
User verification and unlocking with just a touch
Application fields :
Many application using Red Tacton are introduced. Some are:
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Red tacton devices embedded medicine bottles transmit information onthe medicines' attributes. If the user touches the wrong medicine, an alarmwill trigger on the terminal he is carrying. The alarm sounds only if the useractually touches the medicine bottle, reducing false alarms common withpassive wireless ID tags, which can trigger simply by proximity.
When a consumer stands in front of an advertising panel, advertisingand information matching his or her attributes is automatically displayed.By touching or standing in front of items they are interested in, consumerscan get more in-depth information.
Print out where you want just by touching the desired printer with onehand and a PC or digital camera with the other hand to make the linkComplicated configurations are reduced by downloading device drivers "atfirst touch".
By shaking hands, personal profile data can be exchanged betweenmobile terminals on the users. (Electronic exchange of business cards)Communication can be kept private using authentication and encryptiontechnologies
Your own phone number is allocated and billing commences. Automaticimporting of personal address book and call history.
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The seat position and steering wheel height adjust to match the driverjust by sitting in the car. The driver's home is set as the destination in thecar navigation system .The stereo plays the driver's favorite song…
An electrically conductive sheet is embedded in the table. A networkconnection is initiated simply by placing a lap-top on the table. Using
different sheet patterns enables segmentation of the table into subnets.
Red Tacton can carry music or video between headsets, mobile devices,mobile phones, etc. Users can listen to music from a Red Tacton playersimply by putting on a headset or holding a viewer.
Carrying a mobile RedTacton -capable device in one's pocket, ID isverified and the door unlocked when the user holds the doorknob normally.Secure lock administration is possible by combining personal verificationtools such as fingerprint ID or other biometric in the mobile terminal.
System safety:
RedTacton uses the electric field that occurs naturally on the surface of the human body for communication. Transmitter and receiver electrodes arecovered with an insulating films. No current flows into the body from theRedTacton transceiver.
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There is no current flowing from the RedTacton transceiver; however,the body indirectly receives a minute electric field. This causes electronsalready present inside the body to move, creating a minute displacementcurrent. This displacement current is similar to those occurring in everydaylife.
COMPARISON WITH OTHER NETWORKS
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The chart below shows the positioning of Red Tacton with respect to existingcommunication technologies. The focus on ubiquitous service has broughtabout the shortening of distances in communication. Red Tacton ispositioned as the last 1m solution to ultimate close-range communication.Wireless communication creates connections when signals arrive, allowingfor easy connections because connectors are unnecessary. However, seenfrom another aspect, the arriving signals can be intercepted, so securitybecomes an issue.
Several "human body communication" technologies using thehuman body as a transmission medium have been reported inthe past. But RedTacton employs a proprietary electricfield/photonics method, which surpasses the other methodsin terms of communication distance, transfer speed, andinteractivity.
Wired communication transmits data between two connection points, so
interception is difficult and security can be considered to be high. However,
connectors and cables are a nuisance. Taking the above points in account,
Red Tacton is situated directly between wireless and wired communication.
In other words, Red Tacton allows for easy connection without connectors,
while at the same time allowing transmission of data only between two
contact points. It thus has the feature of being difficult to intercept.
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Above Figure shows the comparison of RED TACTON device with other
networks with respect to distance.
COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNICATION METHODS
"Intra-body communication" using the human body as a transmission
medium has been reported, but the electric field/photonics method
employed by RedTacton is superior to conventional methods in terms of
communication distance, speed, and interactivity.
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P: Possible N: Not possible P*: Possible under certain conditions
Comparison of various methods.
ADVANTAGE OVER BLUETOOTH
The system envisioned by NTT, utilizes a conversion method which takes
digital data into a stream of low-power digital pulses. These can be easily
transmitted and read back through the human electric field.
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While it is true that similar personal area networks are already accessible by
using radio-based technologies like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, this new wireless
technology claims to be able to send data over the human skin surface at
transfer speeds of up to 10Mbps, or better than a broadband T1 connection.
Receiving data in such a system is more complicated because the strength of
the pulses sent through the electric field is so low.
Red Tacton solves this issue by utilizing a technique called electric field
photonics: A laser is passed though an electro-optic crystal, which deflects
light differently according to the strength of the field across it. These
deflections are measured and converted back into electrical signals to
retrieve the transmitted data.
According to Tom Zimmerman, inventor of the IBM personal networking
system, body-based networking is more secure than broadcast systems,
such as Bluetooth, which have a range of about 10m.The issue is that with
Bluetooth, it is difficult to rein in the signal and restrict it to the device you
are trying to connect to. But in a busy place there could be hundreds of
Bluetooth devices within range.
Moreover, body-based networking seems to allow for more natural
interchanges of information between humans, as only when you are in true
proximity you can make this system work. There are some specific
applications that would appear as being ideal matches for Red Tacton-like
technologies.
EDTACTON::
• Technology is making many things easier.
• Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT, headquartered in
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. President and CEO, Norio Wada) is pursuing research
and development of an innovative Human Area Networking technology called
“RedTacton”.
• REDTACTON safely turns the surface of the human body into a data
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transmission path at speeds up to 10 Mbps between any two points on the
body
• REDTACTON uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the
human body.
• REDTACTON enables the first practical Human Area Network between
body-centered electronic devices and PCs or other network devices
embedded in the environment .
• REDTACTON can be used for intuitive operation of computer-based
systems in daily life, temporary one-to-one private networks based on
personal handshaking, device personalization, security are enabled by the
redtaction.
PROTOTYPE DEVICES
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Security devices whose development has been
completed.
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Transmission devices whose development is in progress.
Enlisting Partners for Collaborative Field Trials
NTT hopes to conduct joint field trials in cooperation with outside
companies and organizations to explore
potential applications, verify RedTacton reliability, fine-tune the system, and
gather business and market
Data.
• Trial period: from April to September, 2005 (planned)
• RedTacton equipment: NTT will lend partners RedTacton transceiver
prototypes. Maintenance fees
incurred during the field testing will be borne by the partners.
• Trial environment: Partners will prepare the staffing, equipment, and
venues needed to operate the field
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trials.
• Partner selection: Trial partners will be selected at the sole discretion of
NTT.
• Further Information: Inquiries about RedTacton or proposals to participate
in joint field trials can be
Submitted through the RedTacton website
DRAWBACKS
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• It has no compelling applications that aren’t already available.
• Too costly.
• It can be useful within few centimeters
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
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RedTacton has a wide range of unique new functional features and
enormous potential as a Human Area Networking technology. NTT is
committed to quickly identifying and opening up those application areas
with the the most commercial promise for RedTacton, a business
development process to be coordinated under NTT's Comprehensive
Producer Function program.
Redtacton, which looks remarkably like a big pot of kryptonite is said toallow over 200kbps of data through the human hands or feet.
Telecom giant Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. (NTT) is planning acommercial launch of a system to enter rooms that frees users from thetrouble of rummaging in their pockets or handbags for ID cards or keys.
How does it work?
As data travels through the user’s clothing, handbag or shoes, anyone
carrying a special card can unlock the door simply by touching the knob orstanding on a particular spot without taking the card out.
Applications
Walk-through ticket gate, a cabinet that opens only to authorised peopleand a television control that automatically chooses favourite programs.
The system also improves security. It ensures that only drivers can opentheir cars by touching the doors if the keys are in their pockets, not peoplearound them.
It uses technology to turn the surface of the human body itself into a meansof data transmissi
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CONCLUSION
The need for artificial body implants to communicate with each other as wellas to report back to a portable device could have quite some value. In fact,
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according to other researchers, the most important application for body-
based networking may well be for these type of communications within,
rather than on the surface of, or outside, the body.
Red Tacton technology is expected to dominate Bluetooth technology in the
future. Red Tacton technology could put the use of cables to an end. The
problem faced by the Red Tacton technology is the cost of development. This
technology brings a new dimension of communication which effectively links
the user to anyone he wants to communicate. Since it provides high speed
communication, it can provide seamless service wherever, whenever and
whoever uses it.
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REFERENCES [1] www.redtacton.com[2]www.masternewmedia.org/2003/10/19/wireless_body_networkingat
10.htm[3] forum.itacumens.com/index.php?topic=12720.0[4] en.wikipedia.org[5] http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/print/2596
Digit Magzine
[6] http://www.aalizwel.com/seminarreports.php