seminar wireless 06.02.12

8/2/2019 Seminar Wireless 06.02.12

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POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SEMINAR

ON

HVDC OPTION FOR FUTURE

Submitted By :-

Ravi Sharma

Electrical Engineering

Submitted To :-

Mr. Dinesh Sharma

Mr. Rajesh Yadav

Assistant Professor(EE)


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CONTENTS

Introduction of Paper. Introduction of Topic. Background. Types and Technologies of WPT.

Microwave Power Transmission And ReceptionTechnique. LASER Transmission. Current Design of Rectenna.

Advantage of Using Microwaves For WirelessElectricity Transmission. System Losses Of Wired Electricity Transmission. Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission.

Disadvantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission.


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INTRODUCTION OF PAPER

Paper appeared at Recent Advances in Space Technologies.

2nd International conference on 9-11 June 2005.

Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/RAST.2005.1512551.

INSPEC Accession Number: 8702263.

Presented by ER. Arvind Dhingra

(Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College , Punjab)


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History Of Events

1930sEfficient static AC/DC conversion (mercury arc valves) wasmade possible.

1940sHigh Voltage DC (HVDC) bulk power transmission wasstudied in Germany.

1954First commercial application in Sweden: submarine link bet-ween mainland and Gotland island (100 kV-20 MW-90 km).

1970sThyristors (SCRs) took over; today, HVDC operation voltagesattain 600 kV, transmitted power over 3000 MW

Today ...DC made its way back into bulk power systems!


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Background

DR. UNO LAMM (19041989) The Father of HVDC.

August Uno Lamm (19041989), a

Swedish electrical engineer known as

the father of high voltage direct

current (HVDC) electrical

transmission. HVDC became

possible when he invented the

mercury-arc valve (rectifier) that

could operate at high voltages (1929).

.
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TYPICAL HVDC APPLICATIONS

There are three typical HVDC applications:

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HVDC BERLIN '08

Prof.GiuseppeVeca

1. Interconnection of non-synchronous AC powersystems, even at different frequencies.

2. Power transmission over long undersea cablelinks, if the AC solution requires intermediatecompensation.

3. Point-to-point, long-distance transmission of largeblocks of power.

28/03/08 @ 14.30.00


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765kV/400kV lines: about 1,03,000 ckms

220kV lines: about 132,000 ckms

HVDC Bipole(500kV): 7,500 ckms3

nos.

HVDC Back-to-back: 7 nos. (3000MW)

FSC22 nos.; TCSC6 nos.

Transmission Network - Present


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Block diagram or single line diagram of

HVDC


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ADVANTAGES

i) For transmitting bulk power over long distance say above

500km these systems are economical.

ii) During bad weather conditions, the corona loss and radio

interference are lower for a HVDC line as compared to that inan ac line of the same voltage and same conductor size.

iii) Compare to ac transmission, HVDC transmission is cheaper in

cost because ac system required three conductors to carry powerwhere as HVDC transmission lines require two conductor

iv) Right-of-way for a DC line is about 20-40 percent lesser than

that for an ac line of the same power transmission capability.


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.

v) The transmission losses in a HVDC transmission are lower than the

ac transmission of the same power transmission capability.

vi) The towers of HVDC lines are simpler, cheaper than ac lines.

vii) No skin effect in HVDC lines, so uniform distribution of currentover the section of the conductor. There is a skin effect in ac lines.

viii) Voltage regulation is better in case of DC transmission

.ix) Power flow control is easy in HVDC link.

x) High reliability.


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DISADVANTAGES

i) Initial cost is high because it requires additional requirement of

converters (rectifier and inverter stations), filters, reactive power

compensators.

ii) Overhead capacity is low as compared to ac transmission.

iii) HVDC converter need cooling systems

iv) HVDC converters produce harmonics both ac and dcsides which may cause interference with the audio frequency

communication lines.


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v) Reducing ripples from the dc output, filters requirement ismore.

vi) Maintenance of insulators is more.

vii) HVDC circuit breakers are expensive.

viii) Voltage transformation is not possible in DC side and hence

it is to be provided on the ac side only.


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RihandDadri HVDC Project.

Date of Commissioning: Dec-1991

Main Data:

Power rating : 1500MW

No. of Poles : 2

AC Voltage : 400 kV

DC Voltage : + 500 kV

Converter Transformer Rihand Terminal :

6 x 315 MVA

Dadri Terminal : 6 x 305 MVALength of OH DC line : 816 KM.


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HVDC :Vindhyachal Project

Completion date: April 1989

Main Data:

(i) Power rating : 2 x 250 MW.

(ii) No. of Blocks : 2

(iii) AC Voltage : 400 kV

(iv) DC Voltage : 70 kV

(v) Converter Transformer : 8 x 156 MVA


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Trans Bay Cable, USA

HVDC : WORLDWIDE


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Comparison Of Right Of Way


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Future Power Scenario


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LASER vs. MPT

When LASER is used, the antenna sizes can be

much smaller

Microwaves can face interference (two frequencies

can be used for WPT are 2.45GHz and 5.4GHz)

LASER has high attenuation loss and also it gets

diffracted by atmospheric particles easily

R t D i


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Rectenna Design

5000 Mw Receiving Station (Rectenna). This stationis about a Mile and Half long.

The Rectenna Would be Visually Transparent so that itwould not interfere with Plant life.


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Advantages of Using Microwaves for Wireless

Electricity Transmission

High Efficiency Up to 85% .

Frequency is up to 2.45 GHz of the Micro Beam.

No Air Or water Pollution is Created.

During Generation power can be Beamed to the location Where it is

needed.

We dont have to invest in a large Electrical Grid.

If Microwave Beams Carrying power could be beamed uniformly over

the earth they could power cell phones, but the antenna length should

be 25-30 cm square.


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HVDC Technology.

One of the Solution.


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Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission

Power Loss is very less as compared to Wired Electricity

Transmission.

There is no need of Transmission Lines.

Health and Environmental Experiments claim that Wireless

Electricity Transmission Using Microwaves and laser is safe.


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Disadvantages of wireless Electricity Transmission

The Size of Rectenna will be Massive.

Would Require a Network of hundreds of satellites.

The Cost of this Prototype Project Will Be $74 Billionapprox.

Interference with other Electronic Devices will be there.


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APPLICATIONS:

Solar Power Satalite.

Moving targets.

Wireless Sensors.

Moving Robots.


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More Reliable Than Ground Based Solar Power Generation.

More Reliable Than Wired Electricity Transmission. In Order To Have Wireless Electricity Transmission To

Become a Reality, Following Things Have To Happen

Transmission without wires- a reality.

Efficient.

Low maintenance cost. But, high initial cost.

Better than conventional wired tansfer.

Energy crisis can be decreased.

Low loss .

In near future, world will be completely wireless.

Conclusion


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QUERIES?

seminar wireless 06.02.12

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